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Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Answer: False
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, not Rotterdam.
Posthumus's father was an academic specializing in economics.
Answer: False
Posthumus's father was a geography teacher, not an academic specializing in economics.
Posthumus served as the editor for the university magazine 'Propria Cures' for approximately one year.
Answer: False
Posthumus served as the editor for the university magazine 'Propria Cures' from March to October 1901, which is less than a full year.
Following his doctorate, Posthumus pursued further studies in economics and trade law.
Answer: True
After earning his doctorate, Posthumus engaged in further academic pursuits, specializing in economics and trade law at the municipal trade school in Amsterdam.
In which city and country was Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus born?
Answer: Amsterdam, Netherlands
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus was born on February 26, 1880, in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
What subject did Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus's father teach?
Answer: Geography
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus's father, who shared the same name, was a geography teacher.
What was Posthumus's role in the satirical student magazine 'Propria Cures'?
Answer: Editor
While studying at the University of Amsterdam, Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus served as the editor of the satirical student magazine 'Propria Cures' from March to October 1901.
Posthumus began his professorial career in 1913 at the University of Amsterdam.
Answer: False
Posthumus began his professorial career in 1913 at the Netherlands School of Commerce in Rotterdam, not the University of Amsterdam.
Posthumus served as Rector Magnificus of the Netherlands School of Commerce for two consecutive years.
Answer: True
Posthumus held the esteemed position of Rector Magnificus at the Netherlands School of Commerce from 1918 to 1919, serving for two consecutive years.
Posthumus established the Economic Historical Library in Amsterdam in 1932.
Answer: True
In 1932, Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus founded the Economic Historical Library in Amsterdam, contributing to the accessibility of historical economic resources.
The International Institute of Social History (IISH) was founded by Posthumus primarily to preserve artistic heritage.
Answer: False
The International Institute of Social History (IISH) was founded by Posthumus primarily to preserve socialist documents and histories, not artistic heritage.
Posthumus held a full professorship at the University of Amsterdam until 1949.
Answer: True
Posthumus held a full professorship in Economic and Social Sciences at the University of Amsterdam until 1949.
Posthumus served as chairman of the Dutch Economic Historical Archive starting in 1913.
Answer: False
Posthumus founded the Dutch Economic Historical Archive in 1913 but served as its chairman from 1949 until his death, not starting in 1913.
Which significant institution did Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus help establish in response to the rise of the Nazi party?
Answer: The International Institute of Social History (IISH)
The founding of the International Institute of Social History (IISH) in 1935 was a direct response to the rise of the Nazi party, established to safeguard socialist documents and histories.
In what year did Posthumus found the Economisch-Historisch Jaarboek?
Answer: 1915
Posthumus founded and initiated the publication of the Economisch-Historisch Jaarboek in 1915.
What leadership role did Posthumus hold at the Netherlands School of Commerce between 1918 and 1919?
Answer: Rector Magnificus
From 1918 to 1919, Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus served as the Rector Magnificus, the chief academic officer, of the Netherlands School of Commerce.
Which of the following institutions did Posthumus help establish?
Answer: The International Institute of Social History (IISH)
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus was instrumental in founding the International Institute of Social History (IISH) in Amsterdam.
What was Posthumus's relationship with the Dutch Economic Historical Archive?
Answer: He founded it in 1913 and chaired it from 1949 until his death.
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus founded the Dutch Economic Historical Archive in 1913 and served as its chairman from January 1, 1949, until his death.
What was the primary motivation for founding the International Institute of Social History (IISH)?
Answer: To preserve socialist documents from potential Nazi confiscation.
The IISH was established to safeguard socialist documents and historical records, particularly from potential confiscation or control by the Nazi regime and other authoritarian governments.
Which of the following statements accurately describes Posthumus's professorships?
Answer: He was a professor of economic history at the Netherlands School of Commerce starting in 1913.
In 1913, Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus was appointed as a professor of economic history at the Netherlands School of Commerce in Rotterdam. He later held a professorship at the University of Amsterdam.
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus's primary academic recognition stemmed from his work in physics and chemistry.
Answer: False
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus was primarily recognized for his significant contributions to economic history and political science, not physics and chemistry.
Posthumus's doctoral dissertation focused on the history of the Dutch textile industry.
Answer: False
Posthumus's doctoral dissertation, completed in 1908, focused on the history of the Leidsche sheet industry, not the broader Dutch textile industry.
The Economisch-Historisch Jaarboek, founded by Posthumus, primarily published theoretical economic models.
Answer: False
The Economisch-Historisch Jaarboek, founded by Posthumus, was dedicated to publishing primary source documents and empirical analyses related to Dutch merchant records, not theoretical economic models.
Posthumus's major publication during World War II was a biography of a prominent Dutch politician.
Answer: False
Posthumus's major publication during World War II was 'Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland. Vol. i', not a biography of a Dutch politician.
The 'Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland' covered market prices from the 16th century up to the end of World War II.
Answer: False
Posthumus's 'Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland' covered market prices from the 16th century up to the First World War, not the end of World War II.
Posthumus's 'Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland' was poorly received by academics.
Answer: False
Contrary to being poorly received, Posthumus's 'Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland' was favorably received and remains his most cited work.
What were Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus's principal academic fields?
Answer: Economic History and Political Science
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus is primarily celebrated for his profound contributions to the fields of economic history and political science.
What was the specific title of Posthumus's doctoral dissertation?
Answer: History of the Leidsche sheet industry
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus earned his Doctorate of Public Sciences in 1908 with a dissertation titled 'History of the Leidsche sheet industry.'
What was the primary focus of Posthumus's publication 'Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland'?
Answer: Market prices and rates of exchange in Amsterdam from the 16th century to WWI.
This empirical study examined market prices and rates of exchange in Amsterdam from the 16th century up to the First World War, conducted as part of the International scientific committee on price history.
How was Posthumus's 'Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland' received academically?
Answer: It was favorably received and remains his most cited work.
The publication 'Inquiry into the History of Prices in Holland' was favorably received by the academic community and remains Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus's most widely cited work.
Which of the following statements about Posthumus's dissertation is TRUE?
Answer: It focused on the history of the Leidsche sheet industry.
Posthumus's doctoral dissertation, completed in 1908, focused on the history of the Leidsche sheet industry.
During the German occupation, Posthumus was promoted to a higher academic position within the occupied government.
Answer: False
During the German occupation, Posthumus was dismissed from his position at the IISH in 1942, rather than being promoted within the occupied government.
Posthumus was able to return to his leadership role at the IISH immediately after the German invasion in 1940.
Answer: False
Posthumus could only resume his leadership role at the IISH after the conclusion of World War II, not immediately after the German invasion in 1940.
After the war, Posthumus wrote a book detailing his experiences as a prisoner of war.
Answer: False
After the war, Posthumus wrote 'The Netherlands During German Occupation,' detailing the period of German rule, not his experiences as a prisoner of war.
During World War II, the Posthumus family lived in Amsterdam the entire time.
Answer: False
During World War II, the Posthumus family relocated, first to Noordwijk aan Zee and subsequently to Leiden.
Posthumus and his wife actively participated in hiding Allied pilots during World War II.
Answer: False
Posthumus and his wife actively participated in relocating Jewish children and sheltering one, not in hiding Allied pilots during World War II.
The 'Righteous Among the Nations' award was given to Posthumus for his academic contributions during the war.
Answer: False
The 'Righteous Among the Nations' award was bestowed upon Posthumus, his wife, and sister-in-law for their humanitarian actions during the war, specifically for saving Jewish children, not for academic contributions.
What was the impact of the German occupation of the Netherlands on Posthumus's position at the IISH?
Answer: He was dismissed by the occupying government.
The German invasion disrupted the activities of the International Institute of Social History, and Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus was dismissed from his position in 1942 by the government operating under German occupation.
What significant humanitarian actions did the Posthumus family undertake during World War II?
Answer: They helped relocate Jewish children to foster families and sheltered one.
During the war, Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus and his wife Willemijn helped relocate Jewish children from Amsterdam to foster families and personally sheltered one, Bertha Eveline Koster.
What honor did Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus, his wife, and sister-in-law receive for their wartime actions?
Answer: Righteous Among the Nations
For their efforts in saving Jewish children during the Holocaust, Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus, his wife Willemijn, and his sister-in-law Diaz-van der Goot were recognized as 'Righteous Among the Nations'.
Where did the Posthumus family relocate during World War II?
Answer: They relocated to Noordwijk aan Zee and later Leiden.
During World War II, the Posthumus family relocated from Amsterdam, first to Noordwijk aan Zee and subsequently to Leiden.
Following his university resignation in 1949, Posthumus became the head of a prominent historical archive.
Answer: False
Following his resignation from the University of Amsterdam in 1949, Posthumus became the director of the Brill publishing house, not the head of a historical archive.
The N.W. Posthumus Instituut is a research facility focused on political science, named after him.
Answer: False
The N.W. Posthumus Instituut is a graduate research facility focused on economics at the University of Groningen, not political science.
Posthumus was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1945.
Answer: False
Posthumus became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1929, was forced to resign in 1942, and was reinstated in 1945.
Posthumus directed the Brill publishing house from 1946 until his death in 1960.
Answer: False
Posthumus directed the Brill publishing house from 1946 to 1958, not until his death in 1960.
In what year did Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus die?
Answer: 1960
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus passed away in 1960.
What is the N.W. Posthumus Instituut?
Answer: A graduate research facility focused on economics at the University of Groningen.
The N.W. Posthumus Instituut is a graduate research facility specializing in economics, established in 1988 at the University of Groningen, named in honor of Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus.
During which period did Posthumus serve as Director of the scientific publisher Brill?
Answer: 1946-1958
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus served as the Director of the scientific publisher Brill from 1946 to 1958.
Posthumus was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, but was forced to resign in 1942. When was he reinstated?
Answer: 1945
Posthumus was reinstated as a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1945, following his forced resignation in 1942.
Posthumus married his first wife, Marcel Dorothea van Loon, in 1928.
Answer: False
Posthumus married his first wife, Marcel Dorothea van Loon, in 1908, not 1928. They divorced in 1928.
Posthumus and his first wife had three children together.
Answer: False
Posthumus and his first wife, Marcel Dorothea van Loon, had two children together: one son and one daughter.
Posthumus's second wife, Willemijn van der Goot, was the first Dutch woman to earn a doctorate in law.
Answer: False
Posthumus's second wife, Willemijn van der Goot, was the first Dutch woman to earn a doctorate in economics, not law.
Posthumus's daughter Claire was born during World War I.
Answer: False
Posthumus's daughter Claire was born in 1938, which was during World War II, not World War I.
Who was Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus's second wife?
Answer: Willemijn van der Goot
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus married Willemijn van der Goot as his second wife.
How many children did Posthumus have with his first wife, Marcel Dorothea van Loon?
Answer: Two children (one son, one daughter)
Posthumus and his first wife, Marcel Dorothea van Loon, had two children together: one son and one daughter.
In what year did Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus divorce his first wife?
Answer: 1928
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus divorced his first wife, Marcel Dorothea van Loon, in 1928.
When did Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus and his second wife, Willemijn van der Goot, separate?
Answer: 1950
Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus and Willemijn van der Goot separated in 1950.
What is signified by the image caption 'N. W. Posthumus'?
Answer: It is a reference to a photograph of Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus.
The image caption 'N. W. Posthumus' serves as a visual identifier, referring to a photograph of Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus himself.