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Nikolai Dukhonin was born in the Smolensk Governorate of the Russian Empire.
Answer: True
Nikolai Dukhonin was born in the Smolensk Governorate of the Russian Empire.
Nikolai Dukhonin served as the Supreme Commander of the Russian Army before World War I.
Answer: False
Nikolai Dukhonin's military career prior to World War I involved service in the Kiev Military District, focusing on intelligence work, not Supreme Command.
Before World War I, Dukhonin primarily gained experience in artillery command.
Answer: False
Prior to World War I, Nikolai Dukhonin's experience was primarily in military intelligence within the Kiev Military District, not in artillery command.
Nikolai Dukhonin held the military rank of Colonel.
Answer: False
Nikolai Dukhonin held the military rank of General, not Colonel.
In which governorate was Nikolai Dukhonin born?
Answer: Smolensk Governorate
Nikolai Dukhonin was born in the Smolensk Governorate of the Russian Empire.
What was Dukhonin's experience prior to World War I?
Answer: Working in military intelligence in the Kiev Military District
Prior to World War I, Dukhonin gained experience in military intelligence while serving in the Kiev Military District.
Dukhonin served as chief of staff of the Southwestern Front in the summer of 1917.
Answer: False
While Dukhonin served as chief of staff of the Southwestern Front in the spring of 1917, by August of that year, he held the position of Quartermaster General of the Southwestern Front.
Dukhonin was assigned to the Third Army under General Ruzsky during World War I.
Answer: True
During World War I, Dukhonin was assigned to the Third Army, serving as the senior adjutant of the intelligence department under General Ruzsky.
Dukhonin served as Quartermaster General of the Southwestern Front in August 1917.
Answer: True
In August 1917, Nikolai Dukhonin held the position of Quartermaster General of the Southwestern Front.
What was Dukhonin's role in the Third Army during World War I?
Answer: Senior adjutant of the intelligence department
During World War I, Dukhonin served in the Third Army as the senior adjutant of the intelligence department under General Ruzsky.
What does the image caption 'Staff of Russian army, WWI south-west front.jpg' relate to?
Answer: A photograph of military personnel on the WWI south-west front.
The image caption 'Staff of Russian army, WWI south-west front.jpg' relates to a photograph depicting military personnel serving on the southwestern front during World War I.
Dukhonin was appointed Chief of Staff at GHQ in Mogilev by Alexander Kerensky.
Answer: True
Alexander Kerensky appointed Dukhonin as Chief of Staff at GHQ in Mogilev.
Dukhonin became the de facto Supreme Commander after the Bolshevik seizure of power during the October Revolution.
Answer: True
Following the Bolshevik seizure of power in the October Revolution and the subsequent flight of Alexander Kerensky, Dukhonin assumed the role of de facto Supreme Commander.
Under Dukhonin's command, the Russian Army experienced significant stabilization and improved discipline.
Answer: False
During Dukhonin's brief tenure as de facto Supreme Commander, the Russian Army was in a state of rapid disintegration, marked by instability and a lack of centralized control.
Mikhail Alekseyev resigned due to the success of the Kornilov coup.
Answer: False
Mikhail Alekseyev resigned as Chief of Staff following the failure of the Kornilov coup, not its success.
Dukhonin's tenure as Supreme Commander lasted approximately six months.
Answer: False
Nikolai Dukhonin's tenure as Supreme Commander was exceptionally brief, lasting approximately six days, from November 16 to November 22, 1917, not six months.
Dukhonin's appointment as Chief of Staff was seen as bringing him from a position of widespread public recognition.
Answer: False
The phrase 'plucked from relative obscurity' suggests that Dukhonin was not widely recognized before his appointment as Chief of Staff, rather than coming from a position of widespread public recognition.
The October Revolution led to Dukhonin assuming the role of de facto Supreme Commander.
Answer: True
The October Revolution and the subsequent political upheaval led to Dukhonin assuming the role of de facto Supreme Commander.
What was Dukhonin's role immediately before becoming Chief of Staff at GHQ in Mogilev?
Answer: Quartermaster General of the Southwestern Front
Immediately before becoming Chief of Staff at GHQ in Mogilev, Dukhonin served as the Quartermaster General of the Southwestern Front in August 1917.
Who appointed Dukhonin as Chief of Staff at GHQ in Mogilev?
Answer: Alexander Kerensky
Alexander Kerensky appointed Dukhonin as Chief of Staff at GHQ in Mogilev.
What event directly led to Dukhonin assuming the role of de facto Supreme Commander?
Answer: The flight of Alexander Kerensky following the October Revolution.
The flight of Alexander Kerensky after the Bolshevik seizure of power directly led to Dukhonin assuming the role of de facto Supreme Commander.
What was the condition of the Russian Army under Dukhonin's de facto command?
Answer: It was rapidly disintegrating with little control.
Under Dukhonin's de facto command, the Russian Army was rapidly disintegrating and exhibited little centralized control.
What does the phrase 'plucked from relative obscurity' suggest about Dukhonin's appointment?
Answer: He was not widely known before being chosen for the role.
The phrase 'plucked from relative obscurity' implies that Dukhonin was not a widely recognized or prominent figure prior to his appointment as Chief of Staff, suggesting his selection was based on specific recommendations rather than public renown.
What does the term 'de facto Supreme Commander' imply about Dukhonin's position?
Answer: He exercised the authority of the position in practice, regardless of formal recognition.
The term 'de facto Supreme Commander' implies that Dukhonin exercised the authority of the position in practice, due to the prevailing political circumstances, regardless of formal, universally recognized appointment.
What was the primary reason for Mikhail Alekseyev's resignation, which paved the way for Dukhonin's appointment?
Answer: The failure of the Kornilov coup.
Mikhail Alekseyev resigned as Chief of Staff following the failure of the Kornilov coup, which directly paved the way for Dukhonin's appointment to that position.
How long did Dukhonin serve as Supreme Commander?
Answer: Approximately six days
Nikolai Dukhonin served as Supreme Commander for a very brief period, approximately six days, from November 16 to November 22, 1917.
The Council of People's Commissars ordered Dukhonin to continue wartime hostilities.
Answer: False
The Council of People's Commissars directed Dukhonin to cease hostilities and commence armistice negotiations, not to continue them.
Dukhonin accepted the Bolshevik directive to open armistice negotiations immediately.
Answer: False
Nikolai Dukhonin refused the Bolshevik directive to initiate armistice negotiations, asserting that such orders required legitimacy from a government supported by the army and the nation.
The Allied military missions supported the Bolsheviks' unilateral decision to seek an armistice.
Answer: False
The Allied military missions opposed the Bolsheviks' unilateral decision to seek an armistice, citing treaty obligations that mandated common consent among allies.
Dukhonin was dismissed from his command before the Bolsheviks issued their armistice directive.
Answer: False
Dukhonin was dismissed after refusing the Bolshevik armistice directive, not before it was issued.
The Allied military missions issued their joint note from Petrograd.
Answer: False
The joint note from the Allied military missions was issued from their base at the General Headquarters in Mogilev, not Petrograd.
Dukhonin's refusal of the armistice order was based on a lack of consultation with Entente diplomats.
Answer: False
Dukhonin's refusal was based on the legitimacy of the issuing government and his prior consultation with Entente diplomats, not on a lack of such consultation.
What directive did the Council of People's Commissars issue to Dukhonin regarding the war?
Answer: To immediately cease hostilities and negotiate an armistice.
The Council of People's Commissars directed Dukhonin to cease wartime hostilities and initiate armistice negotiations with the Central Powers.
Why did Dukhonin refuse the Bolshevik directive to negotiate an armistice?
Answer: He believed such an order should come from a government supported by the army and country.
Dukhonin refused the directive, stating that such an order required legitimacy from a government supported by the army and the country.
Which treaty did the Allied military missions cite in their joint note regarding the armistice?
Answer: Treaty of August 23, 1914
The Allied military missions cited the Treaty of August 23, 1914, which stipulated that armistices required common consent among allies.
What does the reference to the 'Treaty of August 23, 1914' signify in the context of the Allied note?
Answer: It required the mutual consent of all allies for concluding an armistice.
The reference to the 'Treaty of August 23, 1914' signifies that it stipulated armistices could only be concluded by the mutual consent of all allied nations, a principle the Allies invoked against the Bolsheviks' unilateral actions.
Where was Dukhonin stationed when the Allied military missions issued their joint note?
Answer: Mogilev
When the Allied military missions issued their joint note, Dukhonin was stationed at the Stavka (Supreme High Command headquarters) in Mogilev.
What was Dukhonin's stated reason for refusing the Bolshevik directive, beyond government legitimacy?
Answer: He had consulted with Entente diplomats regarding the armistice.
Beyond the legitimacy of the issuing government, Dukhonin's stated reason for refusing the armistice directive included his prior consultation with Entente diplomats regarding the matter.
Nikolai Krylenko was appointed as Dukhonin's successor by the Council of People's Commissars.
Answer: True
Following Dukhonin's dismissal, Nikolai Krylenko was appointed as his successor by the Council of People's Commissars.
Dukhonin's final military order was to arrest Lavr Kornilov and Anton Denikin.
Answer: False
Nikolai Dukhonin's final military order was to release imprisoned officers, including Lavr Kornilov and Anton Denikin, not to arrest them.
Nikolai Dukhonin died in Mogilev on December 3, 1917.
Answer: True
Nikolai Dukhonin died on December 3, 1917, in Mogilev.
According to Andrew Kalpashnikoff, Dukhonin was killed by enemy soldiers during combat.
Answer: False
Andrew Kalpashnikoff's account states that Dukhonin was murdered by a mob of soldiers and sailors, not by enemy soldiers during combat.
John Reed reported that Krylenko successfully prevented the mob from lynching Dukhonin.
Answer: False
John Reed's report indicates that Nikolai Krylenko attempted to prevent the mob from lynching Dukhonin but was ultimately unsuccessful in stopping the violence.
Dukhonin's family emigrated to France after his death.
Answer: False
Following Nikolai Dukhonin's death, his family emigrated to Yugoslavia, not France.
Dukhonin was murdered by a mob shortly after surrendering to Nikolai Krylenko.
Answer: True
After surrendering to Krylenko in Mogilev, Dukhonin was murdered by a mob near the railway station.
What was the immediate consequence of Dukhonin's refusal of the armistice order?
Answer: Lenin dismissed Dukhonin and appointed Krylenko as his successor.
In response to Dukhonin's refusal, Lenin immediately dismissed him and appointed Nikolai Krylenko as his successor.
What was Nikolai Dukhonin's final military order before his death?
Answer: To release officers imprisoned at Bikhov, including Kornilov and Denikin.
Dukhonin's final military order was to release the officers imprisoned at Bikhov, notably including Lavr Kornilov and Anton Denikin.
How did Nikolai Dukhonin meet his end?
Answer: He was murdered by a mob near the Mogilev railway station.
Nikolai Dukhonin was murdered by a mob near the Mogilev railway station on December 3, 1917.
Who succeeded Dukhonin as the Supreme Commander of the Russian Army?
Answer: Nikolai Krylenko
Nikolai Krylenko succeeded Dukhonin as the Supreme Commander of the Russian Army.
What happened to Dukhonin's family after his death?
Answer: They emigrated to Yugoslavia.
Following Nikolai Dukhonin's death, his family emigrated to Yugoslavia.
What specific detail does Andrew Kalpashnikoff's account add about the circumstances of Dukhonin's death?
Answer: That Dukhonin's body was subjected to further desecration after death.
Andrew Kalpashnikoff's account adds the detail that Dukhonin's body was subjected to further desecration after his death, including being used for target practice by soldiers and sailors.
The article clarifies that all dates are presented using the Julian calendar.
Answer: False
The article explicitly clarifies that all dates are presented according to the Gregorian calendar, not the Julian calendar.
The term 'Stavka' refers to the Supreme High Command of the Russian Army.
Answer: True
Stavka refers to the Supreme High Command of the Russian Army, including its headquarters.
The Authority control section provides biographical details about Dukhonin's family.
Answer: False
The 'Authority control' section provides unique identifiers for cataloging and cross-referencing Dukhonin's information across databases, not biographical details about his family.
Who was Nikolai Nikolayevich Dukhonin?
Answer: The Russian general who served as the last supreme commander after the October Revolution.
Nikolai Nikolayevich Dukhonin was a Russian general who served as the last supreme commander of the Russian Army following the October Revolution, prior to the Bolsheviks assuming control of the military.
Which of the following individuals also served as Supreme Commander of the Russian Army, according to the navbox mentioned?
Answer: Nikolai Krylenko
According to the provided navbox, Nikolai Krylenko, among others such as Mikhail Alekseyev and Alexander Kerensky, also served as Supreme Commander of the Russian Army.