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Total Categories: 6
The Ordovices were a Germanic tribe inhabiting southern Britain during the Roman era.
Answer: False
The Ordovices were a Celtic tribe, not Germanic, who inhabited territories primarily in North Wales and parts of England during the Roman period.
The name "Ordovices" is believed to mean "river dwellers" in the Common Brittonic language.
Answer: False
The name "Ordovices" is widely understood to derive from proto-Celtic terms meaning "hammer fighters," not "river dwellers."
The name "Ordovices" is linguistically linked to proto-Celtic words for "hammer" and "fight".
Answer: True
Linguistic analysis connects the name "Ordovices" to proto-Celtic terms for "hammer" (e.g., Irish *ord*) and "fight" (e.g., Old Irish *fichid*).
Historian John Edward Lloyd proposed a connection between the Ordovices' name and the Welsh place name Dinas Dinorwig.
Answer: True
John Edward Lloyd suggested a potential link between the tribe's name and the place name Dinas Dinorwig in North Wales.
Melville Richards agreed with John Edward Lloyd's theory about the origin of the place name Dinas Dinorwig.
Answer: False
Melville Richards later rejected the proposed connection between the Ordovices' name and the place name Dinas Dinorwig, challenging Lloyd's theory.
The Ordovices are listed among the tribes of Iron Age Britain in navigational templates.
Answer: True
Navigational templates categorizing Iron Age tribes of Britain include the Ordovices, placing them within the broader historical context of the period.
The Welsh word 'gordd' is linguistically related to the proto-Celtic term for "hammer" found in the Ordovices' name.
Answer: True
The Welsh word 'gordd' (hammer) is considered a cognate of the proto-Celtic root believed to form part of the Ordovices' name, featuring a prothetic 'g'.
What is the etymological meaning of the name "Ordovices"?
Answer: Hammer Fighters
The name "Ordovices" is derived from Common Brittonic and is understood to mean "hammer fighters," supported by linguistic connections to proto-Celtic words for hammer and fight.
What linguistic evidence supports the meaning "hammer fighters" for the name Ordovices?
Answer: Proto-Celtic words like Irish *ord* (hammer) and Old Irish *fichid* (fight).
The etymological interpretation of "hammer fighters" for the Ordovices is supported by proto-Celtic terms such as the Irish *ord* (hammer) and Old Irish *fichid* (fight), along with related words in Welsh and Breton.
Which historian rejected the proposed link between the Ordovices' name and the place name Dinas Dinorwig?
Answer: Melville Richards
Melville Richards was the historian who rejected the theory proposed by John Edward Lloyd regarding the connection between the Ordovices' name and the place name Dinas Dinorwig.
Which statement accurately reflects the linguistic support for the Ordovices' name meaning?
Answer: It is supported by Welsh *gordd* (hammer) and Irish *fichid* (fight).
Linguistic evidence, including Welsh *gordd* and Irish *fichid*, supports the etymological meaning of "hammer fighters" for the Ordovices.
The Ordovices occupied lands primarily in modern-day Southern England, south of the Silures.
Answer: False
The Ordovices primarily inhabited North Wales and parts of England, situated geographically between the Silures to the south and the Deceangli to the northeast, not in Southern England.
The exact territorial boundaries of the Ordovices are precisely defined in historical records.
Answer: False
The precise territorial boundaries of the Ordovices are not definitively known and remain subject to interpretation among historians.
One interpretation suggests the Ordovices' territory extended into the English Midlands.
Answer: True
Some scholarly interpretations propose that the Ordovices' territory may have extended into areas of the modern English Midlands.
The Ordovices tribe bordered the Deceangli to the south and the Silures to the northeast.
Answer: False
The Ordovices bordered the Deceangli to the northeast and the Silures to the south, not the other way around.
The Ordovices tribe was located entirely within modern-day Wales.
Answer: False
While their core territory was in North Wales, interpretations suggest the Ordovices' lands also extended into parts of modern-day England.
The Ordovices tribe bordered the Deceangli to the south and the Silures to the northeast.
Answer: Silures and Deceangli
The Ordovices were bordered by the Silures to the south and the Deceangli to the northeast.
The Ordovices tribe inhabited territories that included parts of which modern country?
Answer: England and Wales
The territories inhabited by the Ordovices included regions of both modern-day Wales (primarily North Wales) and parts of England.
The Ordovices readily accepted Roman authority and offered minimal resistance compared to neighboring tribes.
Answer: False
Historical accounts indicate that the Ordovices were known for their fierce resistance against Roman rule, contrasting with the more compliant attitudes of some neighboring tribes.
Gnaeus Julius Agricola successfully subjugated the Ordovices in 77-78 CE.
Answer: True
The Roman governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola led a decisive campaign in 77-78 CE that resulted in the subjugation of the Ordovices, culminating in the conquest of their strongholds on Anglesey.
The final strongholds of the Ordovices were located on the Isle of Wight.
Answer: False
The final strongholds of the Ordovices, which were overrun by Agricola's forces, were located on the island of Anglesey, not the Isle of Wight.
Caratacus sought refuge with the Ordovices after being defeated by Gnaeus Julius Agricola.
Answer: False
Caratacus sought refuge with the Ordovices after being defeated by the Roman governor Publius Ostorius Scapula, not Gnaeus Julius Agricola. Agricola later campaigned against the Ordovices.
The Ordovices were known for their peaceful integration into the Roman Empire.
Answer: False
The Ordovices were characterized by their fierce resistance to Roman rule, rather than peaceful integration.
The Ordovices were initially strengthened in their resistance by the exiled leader Caratacus.
Answer: True
The Ordovices' resistance efforts were indeed bolstered by the presence and leadership of Caratacus, an exiled Celtic leader who sought refuge among them.
Caratacus was declared a Roman public enemy in the 60s AD.
Answer: False
Caratacus was declared a Roman public enemy in the 50s AD, during his leadership against Roman forces, not in the 60s AD.
In the 70s CE, the Ordovices destroyed a Roman infantry cohort, prompting a Roman response.
Answer: False
In the 70s CE, the Ordovices destroyed a Roman cavalry squadron, not an infantry cohort, which provoked a significant Roman response.
Tacitus describes Agricola ordering his troops to attack the Ordovices from a lower elevation.
Answer: False
Tacitus describes Agricola ordering his troops to advance up a hill to attack the Ordovices, not from a lower elevation.
Immediately after defeating the Ordovices, Agricola conquered the region of Caledonia.
Answer: False
Immediately after defeating the Ordovices, Agricola launched a campaign to conquer the island of Anglesey, not Caledonia.
The hill-fort of Dinas Dinorwig is considered a potential archaeological site for the battle where Agricola defeated the Ordovices.
Answer: True
The hill-fort of Dinas Dinorwig is identified as a potential archaeological location for the battle in which Agricola defeated the Ordovices.
The historian Tacitus provides the primary account of Agricola's campaign against the Ordovices.
Answer: True
The historian Tacitus is the principal source for the detailed account of Gnaeus Julius Agricola's military campaigns, including his actions against the Ordovices.
Which Roman governor was responsible for the final subjugation of the Ordovices?
Answer: Gnaeus Julius Agricola
Gnaeus Julius Agricola, as Roman governor, was responsible for the final subjugation of the Ordovices during his campaigns in 77-78 CE.
In which geographical location were the final strongholds of the Ordovices located when overrun by Agricola?
Answer: The island of Anglesey
The final strongholds of the Ordovices, which were decisively overcome by Agricola's forces, were situated on the island of Anglesey.
How did the Ordovices' general attitude towards Roman rule contrast with that of the Deceangli?
Answer: The Ordovices exhibited fierce resistance, unlike the Deceangli who accepted Roman authority with minimal opposition.
Historical accounts suggest the Ordovices were characterized by strong resistance to Roman authority, whereas the neighboring Deceangli appear to have integrated with less opposition.
Who was the Celtic leader who sought refuge with the Ordovices and led them against the Romans after his own defeat?
Answer: Caratacus
Caratacus, after suffering defeat and exile, found refuge with the Ordovices and subsequently led them, along with the Silures, in their resistance against the Roman forces.
What specific military action did the Ordovices undertake in the 70s CE that provoked a significant Roman response?
Answer: They destroyed a Roman cavalry squadron.
In the 70s CE, the Ordovices provoked a strong Roman reaction by destroying a Roman cavalry squadron.
How did Agricola personally motivate his troops during the battle against the Ordovices, according to Tacitus?
Answer: He personally led the charge up the hill against the enemy.
According to Tacitus, Agricola personally led his troops up the hill against the Ordovices, thereby inspiring them and demonstrating his own courage in the face of danger.
What was the fate of Caratacus after his final battle?
Answer: He was captured and transported to Rome.
Following his final defeat by the Roman governor Publius Ostorius Scapula, Caratacus was captured and taken to Rome as a prisoner.
Which ancient historian is cited as the source for the account of Agricola's campaign against the Ordovices?
Answer: Tacitus
The primary historical account of Gnaeus Julius Agricola's campaign, including his actions against the Ordovices, is provided by the Roman historian Tacitus.
The Ordovices were declared a Roman public enemy during the leadership of which individual?
Answer: Caratacus
Caratacus, while leading the resistance including the Ordovices, was declared a Roman public enemy during the 50s AD.
What action did Agricola take immediately after decisively defeating the Ordovices?
Answer: He launched a campaign to conquer the island of Anglesey.
Following his decisive victory over the Ordovices, Agricola immediately proceeded with the conquest of the island of Anglesey.
The source suggests that the Ordovices' resistance was initially bolstered by which exiled Celtic leader?
Answer: Caratacus
The Ordovices' initial resistance efforts were significantly strengthened by the presence and leadership of the exiled Celtic leader, Caratacus.
Ptolemy's writings transliterate the Ordovices' name into Greek as *Ordouikhes*.
Answer: True
The ancient geographer Ptolemy recorded the name of the Ordovices in Greek transliteration as Ὀrdoúikhes.
Ptolemy attributed the cities of Branogenium and Mediolanum to the Ordovices.
Answer: True
The geographical records of Ptolemy mention two cities, Branogenium and Mediolanum, as being associated with the Ordovices.
Branogenium, associated with the Ordovices, is identified with modern-day Chester.
Answer: False
Branogenium, one of the cities attributed to the Ordovices by Ptolemy, is generally identified with modern-day Leintwardine, not Chester.
The distances of Ordovices settlements from London are given in kilometers.
Answer: False
The distances of Ordovices settlements, such as Branogenium and Mediolanum, from London are recorded in Roman miles, not kilometers.
According to Ptolemy's geographical records, which of the following cities was associated with the Ordovices?
Answer: Branogenium
Ptolemy's geographical records associate the city of Branogenium with the Ordovices tribe.
What was the approximate distance of Branogenium from London, according to Ptolemy's records?
Answer: 195 Roman miles
Ptolemy's records indicate that Branogenium was situated approximately 195 Roman miles from London.
According to Ptolemy, the Ordovices occupied lands described as being:
Answer: Westward among tribes south of the Brigantes
Ptolemy's geographical descriptions place the Ordovices in the westward lands among tribes situated south of the Brigantes.
What was the approximate distance of Mediolanum from London, as recorded by Ptolemy?
Answer: 200 Roman miles
Ptolemy's records state that Mediolanum was approximately 200 Roman miles distant from London.
The description of the Ordovices' territory by Ptolemy places them geographically:
Answer: Between the Silures and the Deceangli
Ptolemy's geographical accounts place the Ordovices' territory situated between the Silures (to the south) and the Deceangli (to the northeast).
Which of the following is true regarding the city of Mediolanum associated with the Ordovices?
Answer: Its exact location remains uncertain, though its distance from London was recorded.
While Ptolemy recorded Mediolanum's distance from London as 200 Roman miles, its precise archaeological location remains uncertain.
The geological period named after the Ordovices was established by Charles Lapworth in the 19th century.
Answer: True
The Ordovician geological period was named by the geologist Charles Lapworth in 1879, drawing upon the territory of the ancient Ordovices tribe.
Charles Lapworth named the Ordovician period after the Ordovices because their territory was rich in coal deposits.
Answer: False
Lapworth named the Ordovician period after the tribe because the geological strata he studied were located within their former lands in North Wales, not due to coal deposits.
The geological period named after the Ordovices was established based on rock strata studied in which region?
Answer: North Wales
Charles Lapworth based his naming of the Ordovician geological period on his studies of rock strata located within the former territories of the Ordovices in North Wales.
What was the primary reason Charles Lapworth chose the Ordovices for naming the geological period?
Answer: The rock strata he studied were located within their former lands.
Charles Lapworth selected the Ordovices for naming the geological period because the specific rock strata he was examining were situated within the historical territory of this tribe in North Wales.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a related topic in the "See also" section regarding the Ordovices?
Answer: The Brigantes tribe
The "See also" section typically lists broader related topics like "List of Celtic tribes" and "Prehistoric Wales." The Brigantes tribe, while a contemporary, is not explicitly mentioned as a "See also" topic in the provided context.
The image accompanying the source material provides geographical context related to:
Answer: The tribes of Wales during the Roman invasion and the modern Anglo-Welsh border
The accompanying image illustrates the tribal distribution in Wales during the Roman invasion period and delineates the modern Anglo-Welsh border, providing geographical context.