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The P-38 can opener was initially distributed with U.S. military K-rations and C-rations, replacing the traditional twist-key method.
Answer: True
The P-38 was introduced in 1942 for K-rations and C-rations, replacing the twist-key method, as detailed in the provided information.
The P-38 can opener was primarily used with canned United States military rations from its introduction in 1942 until the 1980s.
Answer: True
The P-38 was introduced in 1942 for U.S. military rations and remained in use until the 1980s when canned rations were phased out.
A fully developed device similar to the P-38, differing only in a lanyard hole, was illustrated in *Popular Mechanics* in 1924.
Answer: True
A precursor to the P-38, described as 'designed for campers and Boy Scouts,' was indeed illustrated in *Popular Mechanics* in 1924, predating its military adoption.
The P-38's operation involves inserting a key into a tab and twisting it around the can to peel away a metal sealing strip.
Answer: False
The described operation pertains to the traditional twist-key method, which the P-38 replaced. The P-38 operates by 'walking' a hinged tooth around the can's rim.
The P-38 was designed for campers and Boy Scouts before its military introduction.
Answer: True
A device nearly identical to the P-38 was featured in *Popular Mechanics* in 1924, described as being 'designed for campers and Boy Scouts,' indicating its pre-military civilian use.
What was the primary use of the P-38 can opener upon its introduction in 1942?
Answer: To open canned United States military rations.
Upon its introduction in 1942, the P-38's primary role was to facilitate the opening of canned U.S. military rations, such as K-rations and C-rations.
Which two specific U.S. military rations initially included the P-38 can opener?
Answer: K-ration and C-ration
The P-38 can opener was initially distributed with the K-ration and subsequently included with the C-ration.
What type of can opening mechanism did the P-38 replace in U.S. military field rations?
Answer: The traditional twist-key method
The P-38 was introduced to supersede the traditional twist-key method for opening canned U.S. military field rations.
What historical evidence suggests an earlier origin for a device similar to the P-38?
Answer: Its description in a 1924 edition of *Popular Mechanics* for campers and Boy Scouts.
A device nearly identical to the P-38 was documented in a 1924 *Popular Mechanics* article, indicating its existence and use by campers and Boy Scouts prior to military adoption.
The P-38 can opener is approximately 2 inches (51 mm) long, making it a compact tool.
Answer: False
The P-38 can opener is approximately 1.5 inches (38 mm) long, not 2 inches. The 2-inch length refers to the larger P-51 variant.
The P-38's design includes a hinged metal tooth that folds out from the handle and a notch below the hinge to secure it under the can's rim.
Answer: True
The P-38's design features a hinged metal tooth that pivots from the handle and a notch below the hinge, which is crucial for securing the opener to the can's rim during operation.
To prepare the P-38 for use, its cutting tooth must be pivoted to a 45-degree position from its stowed position.
Answer: False
The cutting tooth of the P-38 must be pivoted to a 95-degree position, not 45 degrees, to prepare it for use.
Left-handed operation of the P-38 is less ergonomically efficient because the folding tooth only locks in one orientation.
Answer: True
The P-38's design, with its folding tooth locking in a single orientation, necessitates a reversed operation for left-handed users, making it less ergonomically efficient.
The P-38 can opener is made of stainless steel, ensuring its durability in harsh conditions.
Answer: False
The P-38 can opener is made of carbon steel, not stainless steel.
The image of the P-38 with a U.S. penny is used to demonstrate its 2-inch length.
Answer: False
The image of the P-38 with a U.S. penny illustrates its 1.5-inch (38 mm) length, not 2 inches.
For a right-handed user, the P-38 is held with the cutting tooth pointing upward and towards the user to puncture the can lid.
Answer: False
For a right-handed user, the P-38's cutting tooth points downward and away from the user when puncturing the can lid.
What is the approximate length of the P-38 can opener?
Answer: 1.5 inches (38 mm)
The P-38 can opener measures approximately 1.5 inches (38 mm) in length, as indicated by its description and visual comparison with a U.S. penny.
Which component of the P-38 can opener helps keep it securely hooked beneath the rim of the can?
Answer: A notch located just below the hinge
The design of the P-38 includes a specific notch positioned below the hinge, which is critical for maintaining the opener's secure engagement with the can's rim during operation.
What is the initial step to prepare the P-38 for opening a can?
Answer: Pivot the cutting tooth to a 95-degree position.
The initial step to prepare the P-38 for use involves pivoting its cutting tooth to a 95-degree angle from its stowed position.
Why is left-handed operation of the P-38 considered less ergonomically efficient?
Answer: The folding tooth only locks in one orientation, requiring reversed operation.
The P-38's design, which allows the folding tooth to lock in only one orientation, necessitates a less natural, reversed operation for left-handed users, reducing ergonomic efficiency.
What material is the P-38 can opener made of?
Answer: Carbon steel
The P-38 can opener is constructed from carbon steel.
How does the P-38's design facilitate opening a can?
Answer: It is 'walked' around the can, with the notch hooking the rim and the tooth piercing the lid.
The P-38 operates by a 'walking' motion, where its notch secures it to the can's rim and its hinged tooth progressively pierces and cuts the lid.
According to the source, what does the image of the P-38 can opener with a U.S. penny illustrate?
Answer: Its compact size of 1.5 inches (38 mm).
The image of the P-38 alongside a U.S. penny is specifically provided to visually demonstrate its compact length of 1.5 inches (38 mm).
The P-51 can opener is a smaller variant of the P-38, designed for more compact storage.
Answer: False
The P-51 is explicitly described as a larger variant of the P-38, measuring 2 inches compared to the P-38's 1.5 inches, and offers greater leverage, not more compact storage.
The U.S. military discontinued the P-38 for individual rations because they switched to a new type of metal can that required a different opener.
Answer: False
The P-38 was discontinued for individual rations because canned C-rations were replaced by MREs, which are packaged in plastic pouches and do not require a can opener.
The P-51 can opener is still included with United States military 'Tray Rations' for group consumption.
Answer: True
The P-51, the larger variant of the P-38, continues to be issued with U.S. military 'Tray Rations,' which are bulk meals for group consumption.
The P-51 can opener is primarily used for individual MRE rations due to its greater leverage.
Answer: False
The P-51 is used for 'Tray Rations' (bulk meals), not individual MREs, which are packed in plastic pouches and do not require a can opener.
The P-38 can opener was discontinued in the 1980s because its carbon steel construction was deemed unsafe for food contact.
Answer: False
The P-38 was discontinued for individual rations in the 1980s because canned C-rations were replaced by MREs in plastic pouches, not due to safety concerns about its carbon steel construction.
What is the larger variant of the P-38 can opener called?
Answer: The P-51
The larger variant of the P-38 can opener is officially known as the P-51.
Why did the U.S. military discontinue the use of P-38s for individual rations in the 1980s?
Answer: Canned C-rations were replaced by MREs packed in plastic pouches.
The discontinuation of P-38s for individual rations in the 1980s was a direct consequence of the U.S. military's transition from canned C-rations to MREs, which are packaged in plastic pouches and do not require a can opener.
In what current U.S. military context is the P-51 can opener still utilized?
Answer: Canned bulk meals known as 'Tray Rations'
The P-51 can opener continues to be utilized with U.S. military 'Tray Rations,' which are large-format canned meals intended for group consumption.
What is the length difference between the P-51 and P-38 can openers?
Answer: The P-51 is 0.5 inches longer than the P-38.
The P-51 measures 2 inches (51 mm) in length, while the P-38 is 1.5 inches (38 mm), indicating the P-51 is 0.5 inches longer.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the P-51 can opener compared to the P-38?
Answer: It provides greater leverage due to its larger size.
The P-51 is a larger variant of the P-38, and its increased size directly translates to greater leverage, making it easier to operate.
When did the issuance of canned U.S. military rations, and thus the P-38, cease for individual meals?
Answer: 1980s
The issuance of canned U.S. military rations and the P-38 for individual meals ceased in the 1980s with the transition to MREs.
The official U.S. military designation 'OPENER, CAN, HAND, FOLDING, TYPE II' was used for the P-38 can opener.
Answer: False
The official U.S. military designations for the P-38 were 'U.S. ARMY POCKET CAN OPENER' and 'OPENER, CAN, HAND, FOLDING, TYPE I', not 'TYPE II'.
J. W. Speaker Corporation was one of the early contractors for the military P-38, stamping their products 'Speaker USA'.
Answer: True
J. W. Speaker Corporation is identified as an early contractor for the military P-38, producing units marked 'Speaker USA'.
The designer of the original P-38 device, which acquired official U.S. military designations, is widely known to be the U.S. Army Subsistence Lab in Chicago.
Answer: False
The original designer of the P-38 is unknown, despite common attribution to the U.S. Army Subsistence Lab in Chicago, as an earlier version existed.
Washburn Corporation manufactured P-38s marked 'US Androck'.
Answer: True
Washburn Corporation is listed as a manufacturer of P-38s, with their products marked 'US Androck'.
Mallin Shelby Hardware Inc. was a P-38 manufacturer that closed in 1983.
Answer: False
Mallin Shelby Hardware Inc., a P-38 manufacturer, closed in 1973, not 1983.
Which of the following companies was an early contractor for manufacturing the military P-38 can opener, stamping its products 'Speaker USA'?
Answer: J. W. Speaker Corporation
J. W. Speaker Corporation was an early contractor for the military P-38, notably stamping its products with 'Speaker USA'.
Which of the following was NOT an official U.S. military designation for the P-38 can opener?
Answer: POCKET CAN OPENER, MILITARY ISSUE
The official U.S. military designations for the P-38 were 'U.S. ARMY POCKET CAN OPENER' and 'OPENER, CAN, HAND, FOLDING, TYPE I'. 'POCKET CAN OPENER, MILITARY ISSUE' is not listed as an official designation.
Which manufacturer of the P-38 was marked 'US Androck'?
Answer: Washburn Corporation
Washburn Corporation was a manufacturer of the P-38 can opener, and their products were marked 'US Androck'.
Who is known as the designer of the original P-38 device?
Answer: The designer is unknown.
The identity of the original designer of the P-38 device, which later received official U.S. military designations, remains unknown.
The Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Army issued a multi-tool device known as 'FRED' from 1943 to 2005.
Answer: True
The FRED device, a multi-tool can opener, was indeed issued by the Australian and New Zealand armies from 1943 to 2005.
The British Army's similar can opener was manufactured by W.P. Warren Engineering Co. Ltd in London.
Answer: False
W.P. Warren Engineering Co. Ltd, the manufacturer of the British Army's can opener, was located in Birmingham, England, not London.
The Swedish army's variant of the can opener was officially designated M7481-021000 Konservbrytare Mini.
Answer: True
The Swedish army's version of the can opener was officially known as M7481-021000 Konservbrytare Mini.
The 'FRED' device issued by the Australian and New Zealand armies was known by a derogatory backronym, 'Fucking Ridiculous Eating Device'.
Answer: True
The FRED device was indeed associated with the derogatory backronym 'Fucking Ridiculous Eating Device' among Australian and New Zealand military personnel.
The British Army's can opener instructions advised placing the opener on the can with the rim inside the slot, holding it, and twisting forward to puncture.
Answer: True
The instructions for the British Army's can opener explicitly detailed this method of operation for opening cans.
The Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Army's 'FRED' device incorporated a small spoon and a bottle opener.
Answer: True
The FRED device, issued by the Australian and New Zealand armies, was a multi-tool that included both a small spoon and a bottle opener.
What was the common acronym for the field ration eating device issued by the Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Army?
Answer: FRED
The field ration eating device issued by the Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Army was commonly known by the acronym 'FRED'.
During what period was the 'FRED' device issued by the Australian and New Zealand armies?
Answer: 1943 to 2005
The FRED device was issued by the Australian and New Zealand armies in their ration kits from 1943 to 2005.
Which company manufactured similar can openers for the British Army at one stage?
Answer: W.P. Warren Engineering Co. Ltd
W.P. Warren Engineering Co. Ltd of Birmingham, England, was responsible for manufacturing similar can openers for the British Army during a specific period.
What was the official designation for the similar can opener distributed by the Swedish army?
Answer: M7481-021000 Konservbrytare Mini
The Swedish army's variant of the can opener was officially designated M7481-021000 Konservbrytare Mini.
What was the derogatory backronym for the Australian/New Zealand 'FRED' device?
Answer: Fucking Ridiculous Eating Device
The derogatory backronym for the Australian/New Zealand 'FRED' device was 'Fucking Ridiculous Eating Device'.
What were the printed instructions for using the British Army's can opener?
Answer: 'Place opener on can with rim inside slot, hold, and twist forward to puncture.'
The printed instructions for the British Army's can opener explicitly detailed the method: 'Place opener on the can with rim of can inside the slot. Hold between thumb and forefinger and twist forward to puncture. Repeat motion until can is open.'
What does the image titled 'ADF Can Opener' depict?
Answer: A standard issue 'FRED' can opener used by the Australian Defence Force.
The image labeled 'ADF Can Opener' specifically illustrates the standard issue 'FRED' can opener, as utilized by the Australian Defence Force.
The flat end of the P-38 can serve as a makeshift bottle opener.
Answer: False
The flat end of the P-38 can be used as a makeshift screwdriver, not a bottle opener.
Beyond military use, P-38 can openers are still utilized in disaster recovery efforts by rescue organizations.
Answer: True
P-38 can openers continue to be used in disaster recovery, with rescue organizations distributing them alongside canned food.
What additional, non-can-opening function can the flat end of the P-38 serve?
Answer: A makeshift screwdriver
The flat end of the P-38 can be utilized as an improvised screwdriver, offering a secondary function beyond its primary purpose.
Beyond military applications, where are P-38 can openers still commonly seen or used?
Answer: Disaster recovery efforts
P-38 can openers continue to be widely used in disaster recovery efforts, where they are distributed with canned food by rescue organizations.