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Total Categories: 6
According to the provided information, the Piegan people are identified as an Iroquoian-speaking group originating from the North American Great Plains.
Answer: False
The source material consistently identifies the Piegan people as Algonquian-speaking, not Iroquoian-speaking, and places their origin in the North American Great Plains.
The Blackfeet Confederacy historically comprised only the Piegan and Siksika groups.
Answer: False
The Blackfeet Confederacy historically comprised the Siksika, Kainai (Blood Tribe), and Piegan groups, not solely the Piegan and Siksika.
The term "Pikuni" is one of the alternative names used for the Piegan people.
Answer: True
The term "Pikuni" is indeed one of the alternative names used for the Piegan people, alongside others like Piikani and Piikáani.
The Kainai Nation is also commonly referred to as the "Blackfeet Nation" in ethnographic literature.
Answer: False
The Kainai Nation is also known as the Blood Tribe, and the Siksika Nation is often referred to as the Blackfeet Nation in ethnographic literature. The Kainai are distinct from the Siksika and Piegan.
The term "Blackfoot Confederacy" is exclusively used to refer to the Siksika, Kainai, and Piegan groups.
Answer: False
While the Siksika, Kainai, and Piegan are the core groups of the Blackfoot Confederacy, the term "Blackfeet people" is also commonly used in ethnographic literature, suggesting the term "Blackfoot Confederacy" might not be exclusively used for only these three groups in all contexts.
In the singular, Canadian Blackfeet people refer to themselves as "Piikani."
Answer: False
The Canadian Blackfeet people use the singular term "Blackfeet" for themselves, not "Piikani" which refers to the Piegan group more broadly.
Siksikáíkoan is a term from the Blackfeet language referring to a member of the tribe.
Answer: True
The term Siksikáíkoan is indeed a Blackfeet language term referring to a Blackfeet person.
Which of the following best describes the primary identity of the Piegan people according to the source?
Answer: An Algonquian-speaking people from the Great Plains, part of the Blackfeet Confederacy.
The source identifies the Piegan as an Algonquian-speaking people from the Great Plains and recognizes them as the largest group within the Blackfeet Confederacy.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an alternative name for the Piegan people in the source text?
Answer: Siksika
The source text lists Pikuni, Piikuni, Piikani, and Piikáani as alternative names for the Piegan people. Siksika refers to one of the other main groups within the Blackfeet Confederacy.
The Blackfeet Confederacy is composed of which three primary groups?
Answer: Siksika, Kainai (Blood Tribe), and Piegan
The Blackfeet Confederacy is composed of three primary groups: the Siksika, the Kainai (also known as the Blood Tribe), and the Piegan.
What term does ethnographic literature most commonly use to refer to these people?
Answer: The Blackfeet people
Ethnographic literature most commonly uses the term "Blackfeet people" to refer collectively to the Siksika, Kainai, and Piegan groups.
What is the Blackfeet language term for a Blackfeet person?
Answer: Siksikáíkoan
The Blackfeet language term for a Blackfeet person is Siksikáíkoan.
Following the establishment of the Canada-US border, the Piegan were required to sign treaties with either nation.
Answer: True
Following the establishment of the Canada-US border, the Piegan were required to sign treaties with either nation, leading to their settlement on reservations.
Linguistic studies suggest the Blackfoot language originated west of the Rocky Mountains.
Answer: False
Linguistic studies suggest the Blackfoot language, part of the Algonquian family, indicates that the Blackfoot people have historically lived west of the Great Lakes for a significant period, not originated west of the Rocky Mountains.
The adoption of horses and guns led the Piegan people to decrease their reliance on bison hunting.
Answer: False
The adoption of horses and guns enabled the Piegan people to expand their bison hunting range, leading to an *increased* reliance on bison hunting as part of Plains Indian culture, not a decrease.
The traditional Blackfoot creation story is set in an area now known as the Black Hills.
Answer: False
The traditional Blackfoot creation story is set in the Badger-Two Medicine area near Glacier National Park, not the Black Hills.
The Piegan acquired horses around 1730 primarily from trade with the Hudson's Bay Company.
Answer: False
The Piegan acquired horses around 1730 primarily from trade with or raids on the Kutenai, Salish, and Nez Perce peoples, not the Hudson's Bay Company.
David Thompson was a fur trader who had early recorded contact with the Piegan people.
Answer: True
The fur trader David Thompson had early recorded contact with the Piegan people during the winter of 1787-1788.
Warfare and starvation were the primary causes of population decline among the Blackfeet in the 19th century.
Answer: False
The primary causes of population decline among the Blackfeet in the 19th century were infectious diseases and starvation due to disrupted food supplies, not solely warfare.
The 1837 smallpox epidemic resulted in the deaths of approximately 6,000 Blackfeet.
Answer: True
The 1837 smallpox epidemic was devastating, resulting in the deaths of approximately 6,000 Blackfeet, among many others.
The year 1882 is known as the "starvation year" because of a failed buffalo hunt.
Answer: True
The year 1882 is known as the "starvation year" because the last major buffalo hunt failed, leading to severe food shortages.
The Marias massacre is listed under the "See also" section of the source document.
Answer: True
The Marias massacre is listed under the "See also" section, indicating its relevance to the Piegan Blackfeet history.
The Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1851 is mentioned in relation to the Piegan people and the US government.
Answer: True
The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851 and 1868) is mentioned in relation to the Piegan people and the US government.
Historically, the Blackfeet Confederacy controlled territory primarily in present-day Idaho and Wyoming.
Answer: False
Historically, the Blackfeet Confederacy controlled territory primarily in present-day Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA, not Idaho and Wyoming.
Before adopting horses, the Piegan lifestyle was exclusively nomadic, centered on hunting.
Answer: False
Before adopting horses, the Piegan lifestyle was partly nomadic and included some agriculture, indicating a mixed subsistence strategy, not exclusively nomadic centered on hunting.
The Piegan obtained horses from the Shoshoni people around 1730.
Answer: False
The Piegan obtained horses around 1730 primarily from the Kutenai, Salish, and Nez Perce peoples, not directly from the Shoshoni, although Shoshoni raids were a factor.
The Blackfeet Confederacy historically controlled large areas of present-day Montana and Alberta.
Answer: True
The Blackfeet Confederacy historically controlled large areas of present-day Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA.
The Piegan population in the United States was estimated at 2,520 in 1861, according to Hayden's estimate.
Answer: True
According to Hayden's estimate in 1861, the Piegan population in the United States was 2,520, supporting the statement.
What impact did the Canada-US border have on the Piegan people?
Answer: It required them to sign treaties and settle on reservations within either country.
The establishment of the Canada-US border compelled the Piegan people to sign treaties and settle on reservations within either nation, impacting their traditional movements and governance.
Which factor significantly influenced the Piegan people's transition to a more nomadic Plains Indian culture in the early 19th century?
Answer: The adoption of horses and guns.
The adoption of horses and guns allowed the Piegan people to expand their range for bison hunting, leading them to become part of the Plains Indian cultures in the early 19th century.
The traditional Blackfoot creation story is said to be set in which location?
Answer: The Badger-Two Medicine area near Glacier National Park
The Blackfoot creation story is traditionally set near Glacier National Park in an area now known as the Badger-Two Medicine.
Around 1730, the Piegan acquired horses primarily from which groups?
Answer: The Kutenai, Salish, and Nez Perce
Around 1730, the Piegan acquired horses primarily from the Kutenai, Salish, and Nez Perce peoples, indicating historical interactions involving trade or resource acquisition.
What were the major factors contributing to the severe population decline of the Blackfeet in the 19th century?
Answer: Infectious diseases and disruption of food supplies.
The Blackfeet people experienced dramatic population declines due to infectious disease epidemics and starvation caused by the disruption of food supplies.
The "starvation year" of 1882 was a direct result of:
Answer: The failure of the last major buffalo hunt.
The year 1882 became known as the starvation year after the last major buffalo hunt failed, leading to severe food shortages for the Blackfeet.
Which historical event involving the Piegan Blackfeet is mentioned in the "See also" section?
Answer: The Marias massacre.
The Marias massacre is referenced in the "See also" section, indicating a significant historical event involving the Piegan Blackfeet.
Which treaty involving the US government and the Piegan people is mentioned in the text?
Answer: The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851 or 1868)
The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851 or 1868) is mentioned in relation to the Piegan people and the US government, indicating historical agreements and land negotiations.
Historically, the territory controlled by the Blackfeet Confederacy encompassed large parts of which modern regions?
Answer: Alberta (Canada) and Montana (USA)
Historically, the territory controlled by the Blackfeet Confederacy encompassed large parts of present-day Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA.
Traditional Plains peoples were organized into large, centralized nations similar to modern states.
Answer: False
Traditional Plains peoples were organized into "bands" of families, not large, centralized nations similar to modern states.
Evidence suggests that buffalo jumps were utilized by people in north-central Montana as early as AD 300.
Answer: True
Evidence indicates that buffalo jumps were utilized by people in north-central Montana as early as AD 300, suggesting a long history of these hunting practices in the region.
A fundamental Blackfeet belief involves a sacred force symbolized by the moon, which sustains life.
Answer: False
A fundamental Blackfeet belief involves a sacred force symbolized by the sun, which sustains life, not the moon.
The concept of "manly-hearted women" among the Blackfeet referred to women who exclusively managed household duties.
Answer: False
The concept of "manly-hearted women" among the Blackfeet referred to women who adopted social roles traditionally associated with men, indicating flexibility in gender roles, not exclusive management of household duties.
The concept of "manly-hearted women" indicates a rigid adherence to traditional gender roles within Blackfeet society.
Answer: False
The concept of "manly-hearted women" indicates a broader understanding and flexibility regarding gender roles within Blackfeet society, contradicting a rigid adherence to traditional roles.
The Ulm Pishkun State Park is evidence of early human habitation dating back 5,000 years in north-central Montana.
Answer: False
The Ulm Pishkun State Park is evidence of buffalo jump usage dating back to AD 300, not necessarily indicating human habitation dating back 5,000 years in that specific context.
How were traditional Plains peoples typically organized into social units, according to the text?
Answer: Into "bands" of families that migrated together for hunting and defense.
Traditional Plains peoples were typically organized into "bands," which were groups of families that migrated together for purposes of hunting and defense.
The Blackfeet belief in a sacred force permeating all things is symbolized by what?
Answer: The Sun
The Blackfeet symbolize their belief in a sacred force that permeates all things through the sun, as its light sustains all life.
What does the existence of "manly-hearted women" among the Blackfeet indicate?
Answer: A broader understanding and flexibility regarding gender roles.
The concept of "manly-hearted women" highlights individuals within Blackfeet society who adopted social roles traditionally associated with men, demonstrating a broader understanding of gender roles within the culture.
The Blackfeet Nation, one of the two modern successor groups, is located in Alberta, Canada.
Answer: False
The Blackfeet Nation is located in Alberta, Canada, while the Piikani Nation is located in Montana, USA. The question incorrectly assigns the Blackfeet Nation to Alberta.
Browning, Montana, serves as the tribal headquarters for the Piikani Nation.
Answer: False
Browning, Montana, serves as the tribal headquarters for the Blackfeet Nation, not the Piikani Nation (which is in Alberta, Canada).
The 2010 US Census reported a significantly higher number of individuals identifying as Blackfeet compared to the 1990 Census.
Answer: True
The 2010 US Census reported 105,304 individuals identifying as Blackfeet, a substantial increase from the 32,234 reported in the 1990 Census.
In 1906, the combined population counted under the Blackfeet Agency in Montana and the Piegan band in Alberta exceeded 20,000.
Answer: False
In 1906, the combined population counted under the Blackfeet Agency in Montana and the Piegan band in Alberta was significantly lower than 20,000; specific figures were 2,072 in Montana and 493 in Alberta.
The current population identifying as Piegan Blackfeet is significantly smaller than historical estimates from 1900.
Answer: False
The current population identifying as Piegan Blackfeet (over 35,000, with 105,304 in the 2010 US Census) is significantly larger than historical estimates from 1900 (around 20,000).
The Blackfeet Reservation in Montana is roughly the same size as the state of Rhode Island.
Answer: False
The Blackfeet Reservation in Montana is comparable in size to the state of Delaware, not Rhode Island.
The Piegan Blackfeet population in the United States was estimated to be around 2,500 in 1858.
Answer: False
The Piegan Blackfeet population in 1858 was estimated at 3,700, and in 1861 at 2,520, both figures are significantly higher than the implied smaller number in the question.
Identify the two modern governmental entities that emerged from the historical Piegan people.
Answer: The Blackfeet Nation of Montana, USA and the Piikani Nation of Alberta, Canada.
The historical Piegan people evolved into two modern governmental entities: the Blackfeet Nation in Montana, USA, and the Piikani Nation in Alberta, Canada.
Where is the tribal headquarters of the Blackfeet Nation located?
Answer: Browning, Montana, USA
The tribal headquarters for the Blackfeet Nation is located in Browning, Montana.
According to the US Censuses mentioned, what was the trend in the number of people identifying as Blackfeet between 1990 and 2010?
Answer: The number increased substantially.
The number of individuals identifying as Blackfeet increased substantially, from 32,234 in 1990 to 105,304 in 2010, according to US Census data.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the population figures mentioned for the Blackfoot people?
Answer: The 1900 estimate was around 20,000, while the 2010 US Census reported over 105,000.
Historical estimates place the Blackfoot population around 20,000 in 1900, while the 2010 US Census reported over 105,000 individuals identifying as Blackfeet.
What does the source suggest about the size of the Blackfeet Reservation in Montana?
Answer: It is roughly equivalent in size to the state of Delaware.
The Blackfeet Reservation in Montana is noted for its substantial size, being comparable to the entire state of Delaware.
Earl Old Person, former Chief of the Blackfeet Tribe, was inducted into the Montana Indian Hall of Fame in 2007.
Answer: True
Earl Old Person, former Chief of the Blackfeet Tribe, was indeed inducted into the Montana Indian Hall of Fame in 2007.
Helen Piotopowaka Clarke was the first Native American woman elected to public office in Montana.
Answer: False
While Helen Piotopowaka Clarke was among the first women elected to public office in Montana, the source does not confirm she was specifically the first Native American woman to hold such office.
James Welch's novel "Fools Crow" is a historical account of the Battle of Little Bighorn.
Answer: False
James Welch's novel "Fools Crow" is a historical account of the Blackfeet tribe during the 1870s, not specifically the Battle of Little Bighorn.
John Two Guns White Calf was recognized for his role in promoting the Great Northern Railway.
Answer: False
John Two Guns White Calf was recognized for his role in promoting Glacier National Park on behalf of the Great Northern Railway, not for promoting the railway itself.
Stephen Graham Jones stated that his short story "Bestiary" is based on factual events.
Answer: False
Stephen Graham Jones has stated that his short story "Bestiary" is not fiction, implying a basis in reality or personal experience, rather than stating it is based on factual events.
Lily Gladstone is the first Native American actor to win a Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama.
Answer: True
Lily Gladstone is indeed the first Native American actor to win a Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama.
The work "The Buffalo Hunter Hunter" by Stephen Graham Jones depicts a Piegan man who becomes a werewolf.
Answer: False
Stephen Graham Jones' story "The Buffalo Hunter Hunter" depicts a Piegan man who becomes a vampire seeking revenge, not a werewolf.
George Bird Grinnell was a Blackfeet tribal historian who documented their oral traditions.
Answer: False
George Bird Grinnell was a European-American author and ethnologist focused on conservation and documenting Blackfeet traditions, not a Blackfeet tribal historian.
The citation for Andrew R. Graybill's book "The Red and the White" explicitly details its focus on Piegan migration patterns.
Answer: False
The citation for Andrew R. Graybill's book "The Red and the White" is provided, but the text does not explicitly detail its primary focus on Piegan migration patterns.
The Magee Photograph Collection provides a visual record of life on the Blackfeet Nation.
Answer: True
The Magee Photograph Collection provides a significant visual record of life on the Blackfeet Nation.
Who was Earl Old Person?
Answer: A former Chief of the Blackfeet Tribe honored in the Montana Indian Hall of Fame.
Earl Old Person was the former Chief of the Blackfeet Tribe in Montana and was honored by being added to the Montana Indian Hall of Fame in 2007.
James Welch is noted for which of the following works?
Answer: "Killing Custer" and the novel "Fools Crow".
James Welch, an author and poet, is known for his historical non-fiction work *Killing Custer: The Battle of Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians*, and his novel *Fools Crow*.
Lily Gladstone received a Golden Globe award for her role in which film?
Answer: The film adaptation of "Killers of the Flower Moon".
Lily Gladstone won her Golden Globe award for her portrayal of Mollie Kyle in the film adaptation of David Grann's book, *Killers of the Flower Moon*.
What is the subject of "The Buffalo Hunter Hunter," a work by Stephen Graham Jones?
Answer: A Piegan man seeking revenge after becoming a vampire.
"The Buffalo Hunter Hunter" by Stephen Graham Jones centers on a Piegan Blackfeet man who becomes a vampire and seeks revenge for injustices committed against his people and land.
George Bird Grinnell is described in the text primarily as:
Answer: A European-American author and ethnologist focused on conservation.
George Bird Grinnell was a European-American author and ethnologist who wrote extensively about the Blackfeet Nation based on his travels and research as a conservationist.
What was James Willard Schultz's connection to the Blackfeet people?
Answer: He was an explorer, author, and guide who wrote extensively about them.
James Willard Schultz, whose Blackfoot name was Apikuni, was an author, explorer, and guide who wrote extensively about the Blackfeet and related tribes.
A 12,500-year-old infant skeleton found in Montana showed genetic links to modern Native American populations.
Answer: True
The DNA analysis of a 12,500-year-old infant skeleton found in Montana demonstrated strong genetic links to all modern Native American populations.
The Blackfoot language's structure is described as isolating, with minimal word modification.
Answer: False
Linguistic studies suggest the Blackfoot language's structure is agglutinative, and it belongs to the Algonquian family, indicating a history west of the Great Lakes, not that it is isolating or originated west of the Rockies.
The Blackfoot language belongs to the Siouan language family.
Answer: False
The Blackfoot language belongs to the Algonquian language family, not the Siouan language family.
What was the significance of the 12,500-year-old infant skeleton found in Montana?
Answer: Its DNA showed strong genetic links to all modern Native American populations.
The DNA from the 12,500-year-old infant skeleton found in Montana showed strong genetic affinities with all existing Native American populations.
Linguistic studies comparing the Blackfoot language to other Algonquian languages suggest what about the Blackfoot people's history?
Answer: They have lived west of the Great Lakes for a significant period.
Linguistic studies comparing the Blackfoot language to others in the Algonquian family suggest that the Blackfoot people have historically lived west of the Great Lakes for a significant period.
What does the term "agglutinative" mean in relation to the Blackfoot language?
Answer: Words are formed by combining distinct meaningful units (morphemes).
The term "agglutinative" describes the Blackfoot language, indicating that it tends to form words by stringing together morphemes (meaningful units) in a characteristic way.