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Pierre Joseph Duhem was born on July 8, 1758, in Lille, France.
Answer: True
The source material confirms Pierre Joseph Duhem was born on July 8, 1758, in Lille, France.
Pierre Joseph Duhem's father worked as a physician.
Answer: False
The provided information states that Pierre Joseph Duhem's father was a weaver.
Before his political career, Duhem served as a study supervisor at the Collège d'Anchin in Lille.
Answer: False
The source indicates that Pierre Joseph Duhem served as a study supervisor at the Collège d'Anchin in Douai, not Lille.
Who was Pierre Joseph Duhem?
Answer: A French physician and politician.
Pierre Joseph Duhem was a physician by training who later became involved in French politics during the revolutionary period.
In which city and country was Pierre Joseph Duhem born?
Answer: Lille, France
Pierre Joseph Duhem was born in Lille, France.
What was Pierre Joseph Duhem's profession before entering politics?
Answer: Physician
Before his political career, Pierre Joseph Duhem practiced medicine, having pursued medicine for his doctorate.
Where did Duhem practice medicine after obtaining his doctorate?
Answer: At the Douai Hospital and in Quesnoy-sur-Deûble
After completing his medical doctorate, Pierre Joseph Duhem practiced medicine at the Douai Hospital and in Quesnoy-sur-Deûble.
What was the occupation of Pierre Joseph Duhem's father?
Answer: Weaver
The source material identifies Pierre Joseph Duhem's father as a weaver.
In 1790, Pierre Joseph Duhem held the position of mayor in Lille.
Answer: False
The source indicates that in 1790, Pierre Joseph Duhem served as a justice of the peace in Lille, not as mayor.
Duhem represented the Nord region in the Legislative Assembly starting in September 1791.
Answer: True
The provided text confirms that Pierre Joseph Duhem was elected to represent the Nord region in the Legislative Assembly, commencing his service in September 1791.
Within the Legislative Assembly, Pierre Joseph Duhem was known for his moderate political stance.
Answer: False
The source material positions Pierre Joseph Duhem on the left wing of the Legislative Assembly, indicating a leaning towards more radical political viewpoints rather than a moderate stance.
Duhem delivered a notable speech in November 1791 opposing the War Minister Narbonne-Lara.
Answer: False
In November 1791, Duhem delivered a significant speech in the Legislative Assembly that focused on strong opposition to non-juring priests, not the War Minister Narbonne-Lara.
Duhem proposed the confinement of War Minister Narbonne-Lara, but this proposal was approved by parliament.
Answer: False
While Duhem did propose the confinement of War Minister Narbonne-Lara, this suggestion was not approved by the parliament.
In what year was Pierre Joseph Duhem elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly?
Answer: 1791
Pierre Joseph Duhem was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly in 1791.
Duhem's political alignment within the Legislative Assembly was described as:
Answer: On the left, supporting radical political viewpoints.
Within the Legislative Assembly, Pierre Joseph Duhem was positioned on the left, indicating his support for more radical political viewpoints of the era.
What was the subject of a significant speech Duhem gave in the Legislative Assembly on November 17, 1791?
Answer: Strong opposition to non-juring priests
On November 17, 1791, Duhem delivered a speech in the Legislative Assembly that strongly opposed non-juring priests.
Which minister did Duhem propose confining during his time in the Legislative Assembly?
Answer: War Minister Narbonne-Lara
Duhem proposed the confinement of War Minister Narbonne-Lara during his tenure in the Legislative Assembly.
Pierre Joseph Duhem was a staunch opponent of revolutionary ideas.
Answer: False
The provided information indicates that Pierre Joseph Duhem was a strong supporter and advocate of revolutionary ideas.
Duhem was a founding member of the political society known as the Girondins.
Answer: False
Pierre Joseph Duhem was a founding member of the Societé des amis de la Constitution, commonly known as the Jacobins, not the Girondins.
Duhem promoted republican ideas primarily through writings published in academic journals.
Answer: False
Duhem actively promoted republican ideas through public propaganda efforts, including speeches within the Assembly and public addresses, rather than primarily through academic journals.
Duhem played a role in the August 10, 1792 insurrection by presenting decrees that suspended the King.
Answer: True
During the insurrection of August 10, 1792, Duhem was instrumental in presenting the decrees that led to the suspension of the monarchy and the call for a National Convention.
Pierre Joseph Duhem aligned himself with the Girondist faction in the National Convention.
Answer: False
In the National Convention, Pierre Joseph Duhem aligned himself with the Mountain faction, not the Girondins.
Duhem advocated for leniency towards Louis XVI during his trial.
Answer: False
Duhem advocated for a decisive outcome in the trial of Louis XVI, specifically calling for a death sentence without any suspensions.
Duhem joined the Committee of Public Safety on the day of Louis XVI's execution.
Answer: False
On the day of Louis XVI's execution, Duhem joined the Committee of General Security, not the Committee of Public Safety.
Duhem demonstrated his opposition to the Girondists by organizing a peaceful protest outside their meeting hall.
Answer: False
Duhem's opposition to the Girondists was demonstrated through more direct action, such as leading an armed raid on the printing establishment of Antoine Joseph Gorsas on March 9, 1793.
Duhem was excluded from the Jacobin club after Robespierre supported him against General Lavalette.
Answer: False
Duhem was excluded from the Jacobin club because Robespierre supported General Lavalette, whom Duhem had dismissed, making Duhem himself suspect.
Duhem requested action against Minister Roland for allegedly destroying documents from the armoire de fer.
Answer: True
Duhem requested that action be taken against Minister Roland, accusing him of destroying evidence from the armoire de fer, which contained documents detailing Louis XVI's financial dealings.
Duhem's political career was marked by consistent alignment with moderate factions throughout the Revolution.
Answer: False
Duhem's political career was characterized by alignment with radical factions, including the Jacobins and the Mountain, rather than consistent adherence to moderate positions.
Which influential political society, established on November 11, 1789, was Pierre Joseph Duhem a founding member of?
Answer: The Jacobins (Société des amis de la Constitution)
Pierre Joseph Duhem was a founding member of the Société des amis de la Constitution, widely known as the Jacobins, established on November 11, 1789.
How did Duhem primarily promote republican ideas according to the source?
Answer: Via propaganda efforts directed at the public
Duhem actively promoted republican ideas through propaganda efforts directed at the public, as well as through his speeches in the Assembly and Parisian sections.
Duhem played a key role in the insurrection of August 10, 1792, by:
Answer: Presenting decrees that suspended the King
Duhem played a crucial role in the insurrection of August 10, 1792, by presenting the decrees that suspended the King and initiated the call for a National Convention.
In the National Convention, Pierre Joseph Duhem aligned himself with which political faction?
Answer: The Montagnards (The Mountain)
Pierre Joseph Duhem joined the political faction known as the Mountain during his time in the National Convention.
What was Duhem's specific demand regarding the trial of Louis XVI?
Answer: A roll-call vote and a death sentence without suspension
Duhem advocated for a roll-call vote and specifically called for a death sentence without any suspensions for Louis XVI during his trial.
Which committee did Duhem join on the day of Louis XVI's execution?
Answer: Committee of General Security
On the day of Louis XVI's execution, Duhem joined the Committee of General Security, serving on it until June of that year.
How did Duhem express his opposition to the Girondist faction on March 9, 1793?
Answer: By leading an armed raid on Gorsas' printing establishment
Duhem demonstrated his strong opposition to the Girondists by leading an armed raid on the printing establishment of Antoine Joseph Gorsas on March 9, 1793.
Why did Duhem become suspect and get excluded from the Jacobin club in December 1793?
Answer: Robespierre supported Lavalette (whom Duhem dismissed), making Duhem suspect.
Duhem became suspect and was excluded from the Jacobin club after Robespierre supported General Lavalette, whom Duhem had previously dismissed, leading to Duhem's own political vulnerability.
What action did Duhem request concerning Minister Roland and the armoire de fer?
Answer: That Roland be accused of destroying evidence
Duhem requested that Minister Roland be formally accused of destroying evidence from the armoire de fer, which contained sensitive documents.
Duhem's political career was characterized by a strong adherence to which ideology?
Answer: Revolutionary and radical ideas
Duhem's political career demonstrated a strong adherence to revolutionary and radical ideas, evident in his affiliations and actions during the French Revolution.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects Duhem's stance on the execution of Louis XVI?
Answer: He advocated for a death sentence without suspensions.
Duhem advocated for a decisive outcome in the trial of Louis XVI, specifically calling for a death sentence without any suspensions.
On August 20, 1792, Duhem called for the arrest of General Dillon.
Answer: False
On August 20, 1792, Duhem called for the publication of a decree stating that General Dillon had lost the nation's confidence, rather than calling for his arrest.
Following the August 10, 1792 insurrection, Duhem was dispatched on a mission to the Army of the West.
Answer: False
After the August 10, 1792 insurrection, Duhem was dispatched on a mission to the Army of the North, not the Army of the West.
Duhem reported that the city of Lyon was under threat during his mission to the Army of the North.
Answer: False
During his mission to the Army of the North, Duhem reported that the city of Maubeuge was under threat from foreign armies, not Lyon.
During his mission to the North Army, Duhem supported all generals, including those viewed with suspicion by the Jacobins.
Answer: False
During his mission to the North Army, Duhem adopted a complex stance: he denounced some generals, supported others viewed with suspicion by the Jacobins, and dismissed others, indicating a selective approach rather than universal support.
What did Duhem report from his mission to the Army of the North regarding Maubeuge?
Answer: That the city was under threat from foreign armies
During his mission to the Army of the North, Duhem reported that the city of Maubeuge was under threat from foreign armies.
What complex stance did Duhem take regarding generals during his mission to the North Army (April-July 1793)?
Answer: He denounced Varlet, supported Custine/La Marlière, and dismissed Lavalette.
During his mission to the North Army, Duhem denounced General Varlet, supported Generals Custine and La Marlière, and dismissed General Lavalette, reflecting a nuanced approach to military leadership.
What was Duhem's role regarding General Dillon on August 20, 1792?
Answer: He called for the publication of a decree stating Dillon had lost the nation's confidence.
On August 20, 1792, Duhem called for the publication of a decree indicating that General Dillon had lost the nation's confidence.
During the Thermidorian regime, Duhem actively opposed figures like Barrère and Collot d'Herbois.
Answer: False
During the Thermidorian regime, Duhem supported figures such as Barrère, Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud-Varenne, who were facing accusations of terrorism.
Duhem successfully rallied the sans-culottes during the insurrection of 12 Germinal, Year III.
Answer: False
During the insurrection of 12 Germinal, Year III, Duhem was unable to effectively rally the sans-culottes, and the uprising did not succeed.
After his release in December 1795, Duhem joined the Directory as a physician.
Answer: False
Following his release in December 1795, Duhem joined the North Army as a physician and remained politically engaged by supporting the neo-jacobin movement and joining the Panthéon Club during the Directory.
The coup of 18 Fructidor led to Duhem's dismissal from his political posts.
Answer: False
Duhem was dismissed in 1797, but his political standing was subsequently restored by the coup of 18 Fructidor.
In 1798, Duhem was accused of supporting the Girondist faction.
Answer: False
In 1798, Duhem was accused of apologizing for the individuals involved in the revolt of 1 Prairial Year III, referred to as the martyrs of that revolt, not of supporting the Girondist faction.
During the Thermidorian regime, who did Duhem support among those accused of terrorism?
Answer: Barrère, Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud-Varenne
During the Thermidorian regime, Duhem supported figures such as Barrère, Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud-Varenne, who were facing accusations related to terrorism.
What was Duhem's role in the insurrection of 12 Germinal, Year III?
Answer: He was unable to effectively rally the sans-culottes.
Despite his proximity to the sans-culottes, Duhem was unable to effectively rally them during the insurrection of 12 Germinal, Year III, contributing to its lack of success.
After his release in December 1795, Duhem became politically engaged by:
Answer: Supporting the neo-jacobin movement and joining the Panthéon Club
Following his release in December 1795, Duhem actively supported the neo-jacobin movement and became a member of the Panthéon Club, maintaining his political engagement.
How did the coup of 18 Fructidor affect Duhem's political standing?
Answer: His political standing was restored.
Although Duhem was dismissed in 1797, the coup of 18 Fructidor subsequently restored his political standing.
What specific accusation was made against Duhem in 1798?
Answer: Apologizing for the martyrs of the revolt of 1 Prairial Year III
In 1798, Duhem faced an accusation related to his apology for the individuals involved in the revolt of 1 Prairial Year III.
Which of the following was NOT a posting for Duhem in the final years of his career?
Answer: Legislative Assembly
Duhem's final postings included the Italy Army, the West Army, and the military hospital in Mainz. His service in the Legislative Assembly occurred earlier in his career.
Pierre Joseph Duhem died in France at the age of 48.
Answer: False
While Pierre Joseph Duhem died at the age of 48, his final posting was in Mainz, located in the Mont-Tonnerre department, which was part of the French Republic at the time but is now in Germany. Therefore, the statement that he died 'in France' is considered false in this context.
Duhem was stationed in Mainz, Germany, in the final years of his life.
Answer: True
In 1802, Duhem was posted to the military hospital in Mainz, which was then part of the Mont-Tonnerre French department, and he remained there until his death in 1807.
Pierre Joseph Duhem died in 1807 in which city?
Answer: Mainz
Pierre Joseph Duhem died in Mainz in 1807.