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Total Categories: 5
The scope of political history is exclusively limited to the actions of national leaders and major political parties.
Answer: False
The provided text indicates that political history encompasses a broader range of subjects, including political events, ideas, movements, government structures, voters, and parties, not solely national leaders and major parties.
The study of ideology is considered unimportant in political history, as it is posited not to drive historical change.
Answer: False
The study of ideology is considered crucial in political history, as it is often viewed as a significant driver of historical change. Indeed, some assertions suggest that political history cannot truly exist without examining ideological differences.
Studies in political history typically focus on a global scale, extensively examining international relations.
Answer: False
The typical focus of studies in political history, as indicated by the source material, is on a single nation and its political development over time, rather than exclusively on a global scale or extensive international relations.
Leopold von Ranke is credited with authoring the first "scientific" political history in 19th-century Germany.
Answer: True
Leopold von Ranke is indeed recognized for writing the first "scientific" political history in 19th-century Germany, a contribution that significantly influenced historical methodologies and the critical examination of sources.
Political history is closely related to fields such as constitutional history and public history.
Answer: True
The definition of political history explicitly states its close relationship with fields like constitutional history, public history, diplomatic history, and social history, indicating significant overlap and interdisciplinary connections.
The definition of political history includes the study of voters and political parties.
Answer: True
The definition provided for political history explicitly includes the study of voters and political parties as integral components of its scope, alongside events, ideas, movements, and leaders.
According to the provided text, what constitutes the fundamental subject matter of political history?
Answer: The organization and operation of power within large societies.
The text explicitly defines political history as the study of the organization and operation of power within large societies, encompassing political events, ideas, movements, government structures, voters, parties, and leaders.
Which historical figure is recognized for authoring the first "scientific" political history, thereby influencing critical source examination?
Answer: Leopold von Ranke
Leopold von Ranke is credited with writing the first "scientific" political history in 19th-century Germany. His methodologies profoundly influenced the way historians critically examine sources, a concept further explored in historiography.
Regarding the study of government, what does the definition of political history encompass?
Answer: It includes the study of governmental organs.
The definition of political history explicitly includes the study of 'organs of government,' indicating that its scope extends beyond specific types of regimes to encompass the structures and institutions through which power is exercised.
What level of analysis does political history typically employ, according to the text?
Answer: A single nation over time.
The text indicates that studies in political history typically concentrate on a single nation, examining its political changes and development over a specific temporal span, rather than focusing exclusively on global relations or local communities.
What was the principal impact of Leopold von Ranke's scholarly contributions on the field of political history?
Answer: It influenced methodologies for the critical examination of sources.
Leopold von Ranke's work, particularly his approach to writing 'scientific' history, profoundly influenced subsequent historical methodologies by emphasizing the critical examination and use of primary sources.
According to its definition, what does political history explicitly encompass the study of?
Answer: Political events, ideas, movements, and leaders.
The definition of political history explicitly includes the study of political events, ideas, movements, and leaders, alongside government structures, voters, and parties, providing a comprehensive scope for the discipline.
According to the text, what is the nature of the relationship between political history and diplomatic history?
Answer: Political history is closely related to diplomatic history.
The text explicitly states that political history is closely related to diplomatic history, indicating a significant degree of overlap and shared analytical concerns between these two subfields.
According to the text, what specific domain does the political history of the world examine?
Answer: The history of politics and government on a global scale, encompassing international relations.
The political history of the world, as described in the text, specifically examines the history of politics and government on a global scale, with a particular emphasis on international relations and the history of political thinking.
Since the 1960s, the academic prominence of traditional political history has significantly increased.
Answer: False
Contrary to this statement, the provided material indicates that since approximately the 1960s, traditional political history has experienced a decline in prominence within academic circles, largely due to the rise of competing subdisciplines like social and cultural history.
Social history and cultural history movements emerged in the 1950s, posing challenges to traditional political history.
Answer: False
While social and cultural history movements did challenge traditional political history, their significant emergence and impact are more accurately placed in the 1960s and 1970s, rather than the 1950s.
Social historians in the 1960s and 1970s generally viewed political history as a relevant and central field of study.
Answer: False
Social historians during the 1960s and 1970s often disdained traditional political history, frequently viewing it as elitist, shallow, and irrelevant to the experiences of ordinary people.
Paul Readman argued that British scholars readily embraced 20th-century history due to abundant primary sources.
Answer: False
According to Paul Readman, British scholars initially overlooked 20th-century history due to factors such as temporal proximity, source unavailability, and potential for bias, rather than readily embracing it due to abundant sources.
Methodological shifts, including the use of oral history, have increased interest in 20th-century British history.
Answer: True
The text supports the assertion that methodological shifts, such as the adoption of oral history, have indeed contributed to a heightened scholarly interest in 20th-century British history.
The shift from traditional political history to social history involved focusing more on elites and national decisions.
Answer: False
The shift from traditional political history to social history involved a move away from focusing primarily on elites and national decisions towards examining the experiences and roles of ordinary people, marginalized groups, and broader societal structures.
After 1990, postmodern and cultural approaches largely replaced social history in academic prominence.
Answer: True
The text indicates that following 1990, social history itself began to decline in prominence, being largely superseded by postmodern and cultural approaches that often challenged or rejected grand historical narratives.
Traditional political history in the US constituted less than 20% of scholarly output before 1950.
Answer: False
Before 1950, traditional political history constituted approximately 25% of scholarly books and articles by American historians, a figure that rose to about 33% into the 1960s, contradicting the notion of it being less than 20%.
Which subdisciplines are identified as contributing factors to the decline in prominence of traditional political history since the mid-20th century?
Answer: Social history and cultural history
The text identifies social history and cultural history as key subdisciplines that emerged and gained prominence, thereby challenging and contributing to the decline in the relative importance of traditional political history in academic discourse since the mid-20th century.
What was a prevalent criticism leveled against traditional political history by social historians during the 1960s and 1970s?
Answer: It was deemed elitist, shallow, and irrelevant.
A common criticism voiced by social historians was that traditional political history was elitist, shallow, and irrelevant to understanding the lived experiences of the majority of people, contrasting sharply with their own focus on ordinary individuals and marginalized groups.
According to Paul Readman, what were the primary reasons British scholars initially overlooked 20th-century history?
Answer: Temporal proximity, source unavailability, and the potential for bias.
Paul Readman posited that British scholars initially neglected 20th-century history due to its temporal proximity to the present, the challenges associated with primary source availability, and the inherent potential for bias when studying recent events.
According to the provided text, what significant shift occurred in the landscape of historical study subsequent to 1990?
Answer: Postmodern and cultural approaches began to supplant social history.
The text indicates that after 1990, social history itself experienced a decline in its academic prominence, largely being replaced by postmodern and cultural approaches that frequently questioned or rejected grand historical narratives.
In what fundamental way did the focus of social history diverge from that of traditional political history?
Answer: Social history centered on ordinary people and marginalized groups, while traditional political history focused on leaders and national decisions.
Social history shifted the focus from the traditional emphasis on political elites and national decisions to the experiences and roles of ordinary people, including marginalized groups, thereby offering a broader perspective on societal dynamics.
The "new political history" in the United States emphasized the actions of politicians and leaders, rather than voter behavior.
Answer: False
The "new political history" in the US, emerging in the 1960s and 1970s, shifted focus from solely politicians and leaders towards the behavior and motivations of voters, integrating quantitative methods and social themes.
The "new political history" in the United States integrated quantitative methods and focused on voter motivations.
Answer: True
The "new political history" in the US integrated quantitative methods and placed significant emphasis on understanding voter motivations, often incorporating social themes into its analysis.
The "new political history" in the United States primarily focused on the historical analysis of political speeches.
Answer: False
The "new political history" in the US shifted its focus from traditional analyses of politicians' actions to voter behavior, utilizing quantitative methods and integrating social themes, rather than concentrating solely on political speeches.
What methodological innovation distinguished the "new political history" that emerged in the United States?
Answer: A focus on voter behavior employing quantitative methods and integrating social themes.
The "new political history" in the US marked a significant methodological shift by prioritizing the study of voter behavior and motivations, extensively utilizing quantitative methods and incorporating social themes, thereby broadening the analytical scope beyond the traditional focus on political elites.
What specific social themes were particularly emphasized by younger scholars involved in the "new political history" movement in the United States?
Answer: Ethnicity and religion.
Younger scholars associated with the "new political history" in the US integrated social themes into their analyses, with a notable emphasis placed on ethnicity and religion, particularly in relation to voter behavior and motivations.
Which description most accurately characterizes the "new political history" approach prevalent in US academia?
Answer: An approach emphasizing voter behavior, quantitative methods, and social factors such as ethnicity.
The "new political history" in the US is best described as an approach that emphasized voter behavior, employed quantitative methods, and integrated social factors like ethnicity and religion, moving beyond the traditional focus on political elites.
The "Primat der Innenpolitik" concept suggests that foreign policy decisions primarily drive domestic political changes.
Answer: False
The "Primat der Innenpolitik" concept, originating in German historiography, posits the opposite: that domestic insecurities and policies are the primary drivers shaping a state's foreign policy decisions.
The French Annales School focused heavily on political events and diplomacy.
Answer: False
The French Annales School, with its emphasis on the 'longue durée,' geography, and economics, tended to downplay political events and diplomacy in favor of broader, long-term societal and environmental trends.
Fernand Braudel's *The Mediterranean* primarily focused on the diplomatic policies of Philip II.
Answer: False
While Fernand Braudel's *The Mediterranean* did include a section on Philip II's policies, its primary focus was on the 'longue durée'—broad, long-term cycles of history—with traditional diplomatic history constituting only a smaller part of the work.
The core idea of "Primat der Innenpolitik" is that foreign policy dictates domestic political agendas.
Answer: False
The core idea of "Primat der Innenpolitik" is that domestic politics and insecurities are the primary drivers that shape and compel a nation's foreign policy decisions, reversing the direction suggested in the question.
The Annales School's focus on "longue durée" led it to prioritize political events over economic trends.
Answer: False
The Annales School's emphasis on the "longue durée" led it to prioritize broader economic and environmental trends over political events and diplomacy.
The "Primat der Innenpolitik" concept originated from historians like Fernand Braudel.
Answer: False
The "Primat der Innenpolitik" concept is associated with German historians such as Hans-Ulrich Wehler, not Fernand Braudel, who is primarily linked with the Annales School and the concept of 'longue durée'.
What does the concept of "Primat der Innenpolitik" propose regarding the relationship between domestic and foreign policy?
Answer: Domestic insecurities and policies are the principal drivers of a state's foreign policy.
The concept of "Primat der Innenpolitik" suggests that domestic insecurities and policies serve as the primary drivers that shape and compel a state's foreign policy decisions, positing a strong causal link from the internal to the external.
In what manner did the French Annales School diverge from traditional political history in its approach to historical inquiry?
Answer: By emphasizing geography, economics, and long-term cycles ('longue durée') over political events.
The French Annales School distinguished itself by emphasizing factors such as geography, economics, and long-term historical cycles (the 'longue durée'), often downplaying the significance of political events and diplomacy in favor of broader societal and environmental trends.
Which historical figure is prominently associated with the concept of the "longue durée" and a methodological shift away from traditional diplomatic history in his scholarship?
Answer: Fernand Braudel
Fernand Braudel, a key figure of the Annales School, is strongly associated with the concept of the 'longue durée,' advocating for a focus on long-term historical processes and often de-emphasizing traditional diplomatic history in his influential works, such as *The Mediterranean*.
What analytical trend did the Annales School's emphasis on the 'longue durée' foster within historical scholarship?
Answer: A downplaying of politics in favor of broader economic and environmental trends.
The Annales School's focus on the 'longue durée' encouraged a historical analysis that downplayed the significance of immediate political events and diplomacy, instead prioritizing the study of enduring economic, social, and environmental trends.
The Vietnam War and Watergate are cited as events that encouraged younger scholars to focus more on politicians.
Answer: False
The Vietnam War and Watergate are cited as events that alienated younger scholars, diverting their interest away from the study of politicians and encouraging them to explore other historical avenues, such as social history.
William Leuchtenburg suggested that the status of political historians had risen significantly in recent decades.
Answer: False
William Leuchtenburg's commentary humorously implied that the status of political historians had significantly declined, comparing their standing unfavorably within the academic profession.
The MaxRange data project tracks political status and regime development for all states globally, commencing from 1789.
Answer: True
The MaxRange data project is designed to define and detail the political status and development of institutional regimes for all states worldwide, with its temporal coverage beginning in 1789.
MaxRange quantifies democracy levels using a simple true/false system for each regime.
Answer: False
MaxRange quantifies democracy levels not through a simple true/false system, but by employing a 100-graded scale where each value represents a unique regime type, sorted by the level of democracy and political accountability.
The MaxRange dataset's coverage ends in 2015 and is no longer updated.
Answer: False
The MaxRange dataset's coverage extends up to 2015, but the source indicates it is continuously updated, contrary to the assertion that it is no longer updated.
Between 1975 and 1995, the percentage of US history professors identifying as political historians increased significantly.
Answer: False
Statistical data from 1975 to 1995 indicates that the proportion of history professors identifying as political historians actually decreased, while those identifying with social history increased.
The MaxRange dataset provides detailed information on the causes behind political changes in states.
Answer: True
The MaxRange dataset is designed not only to track political status and regime development but also to explain the background, development, external sources, and major causes behind all political changes within states.
The MaxRange dataset uses a 50-point scale to measure the level of democracy.
Answer: False
The MaxRange dataset measures the level of democracy and institutional structure using a 100-graded scale, where each value represents a distinct regime type, rather than a 50-point scale.
What is the principal objective of the MaxRange data project?
Answer: To define and detail the political status and development of institutional regimes for all states globally from 1789.
The primary purpose of the MaxRange data project is to systematically define and detail the political status and the development of institutional regimes for all states worldwide, commencing from the year 1789.
By what method does the MaxRange dataset quantify the level of democracy and institutional structure?
Answer: Utilizing a 100-graded scale representing unique regime types.
The MaxRange dataset quantifies democracy levels and institutional structures by employing a 100-graded scale, where each numerical value corresponds to a distinct regime type, ordered according to the degree of democracy and political accountability.
What does William Leuchtenburg's commentary imply regarding the professional standing of political historians?
Answer: Their status has significantly declined, rendering them less central.
William Leuchtenburg's remarks humorously suggest a significant decline in the professional standing of political historians, implying they are perceived as less central or esteemed within the academic discipline.
Which specific historical events are cited as having alienated younger scholars from the study of politicians within the United States?
Answer: The Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal.
The Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal are identified as contemporary events that alienated younger scholars, prompting a diversion of their academic interests away from the traditional focus on politicians and their actions.
From which year does the MaxRange dataset commence its coverage of political developments?
Answer: 1789
The MaxRange dataset initiates its comprehensive coverage of political status and regime development for all states globally from the year 1789.