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Total Categories: 7
Psychological resilience is primarily defined as the ability to physically recover from a traumatic event.
Answer: False
Psychological resilience is defined as the ability to mentally and emotionally cope with a crisis or to quickly return to a pre-crisis status, distinguishing it from purely physical recovery.
A resilient person is characterized by a passive approach to challenges, allowing stressors to dictate their mental state.
Answer: False
A resilient person actively utilizes mental processes and behaviors to promote personal assets and protect themselves from the negative effects of stressors, indicating an adaptive and proactive approach.
The two core concepts central to most definitions of psychological resilience are adversity and positive adaptation.
Answer: True
Most definitions of psychological resilience revolve around two central concepts: adversity, referring to difficult circumstances, and positive adaptation, which is the successful adjustment to these circumstances.
Psychological recovery is distinct from psychological resilience because it specifically involves returning to mental conditions that preceded a traumatic experience.
Answer: True
Psychological recovery is specifically linked to returning to the mental conditions that preceded a traumatic experience or personal loss, whereas resilience involves resisting adverse mental conditions.
How does a resilient person typically use mental processes and behaviors?
Answer: By promoting personal assets and protecting self from potential negative effects of stressors.
A resilient person actively utilizes mental processes and behaviors to promote personal assets and protect themselves from the potential negative effects of stressors.
What two core concepts are central to most definitions of psychological resilience?
Answer: Adversity and positive adaptation
Most definitions of psychological resilience revolve around two central concepts: adversity, referring to difficult circumstances, and positive adaptation, which is the successful adjustment to these circumstances.
What is the fundamental definition of psychological resilience?
Answer: The ability to mentally and emotionally cope with a crisis or to quickly return to a pre-crisis status.
Psychological resilience is defined as the ability to mentally and emotionally cope with a crisis or to quickly return to a pre-crisis status, meaning a person can effectively manage and recover from difficult situations.
How does psychological recovery differ from psychological resilience?
Answer: Recovery is linked to returning to mental conditions that preceded a traumatic experience, while resilience involves resisting adverse mental conditions.
Psychological recovery is specifically linked to returning to the mental conditions that preceded a traumatic experience or personal loss, whereas psychological resilience involves resisting adverse mental conditions.
Emmy Werner popularized the term 'resilience' in psychology during the 1970s and 1980s through her longitudinal study of Hawaiian children.
Answer: True
Emmy Werner's forty-year study of Hawaiian children from low socioeconomic backgrounds was instrumental in popularizing the term 'resilience' in psychology during the 1970s and 1980s.
The first research on resilience, published in 1973, utilized epidemiology to uncover risks and protective factors.
Answer: True
The first research on resilience, published in 1973, utilized epidemiology to uncover the risks and protective factors that help define resilience.
Emmy Werner's study in Kauai found that all children from detrimental situations exhibited destructive behaviors in their later-teen years.
Answer: False
Emmy Werner's study found that one-third of children from detrimental situations did not exhibit destructive behaviors and were identified as 'resilient,' demonstrating traits that allowed for more successful adaptation.
Who was instrumental in popularizing the term 'resilience' in psychology during the 1970s and 1980s?
Answer: Emmy Werner
Psychologist Emmy Werner was instrumental in popularizing the term 'resilience' in psychology during the 1970s and 1980s through her significant longitudinal study of Hawaiian children.
The Children's Institute of the University of Rochester focuses its resilience research on studying which group of individuals?
Answer: Those who engage in life with hope and humor despite devastating losses.
The Children's Institute of the University of Rochester focuses its resilience research on studying individuals who engage in life with hope and humor despite devastating losses, highlighting positive adaptive outcomes.
What was a key finding from Emmy Werner's longitudinal study of children in Kauai, Hawaii?
Answer: One-third of children from detrimental situations did not exhibit destructive behaviors and were called 'resilient.'
Emmy Werner's study found that one-third of children from detrimental situations did not exhibit destructive behaviors in their later-teen years and were termed 'resilient,' demonstrating traits that allowed for more successful adaptation.
When was the first research on resilience published, and what method did it primarily use?
Answer: 1973, utilizing epidemiology.
The first research on resilience was published in 1973, utilizing epidemiology to uncover risks and protective factors.
Self-esteem and a positive outlook are considered internal factors that contribute to a person's psychological resilience.
Answer: True
Internal factors influencing resilience include personal characteristics such as self-esteem, self-regulation, and a positive outlook on life.
Effective planning skills and the presence of a supportive environment are commonly associated with psychological resilience.
Answer: True
Characteristics associated with psychological resilience include effective planning skills and the presence of a supportive environment both within and outside the family.
Trait resilience is positively correlated with neuroticism and negative emotionality.
Answer: False
Trait resilience is negatively correlated with neuroticism and negative emotionality, and positively correlated with openness and positive emotionality.
According to Fletcher and Sarkar, confidence in one's strengths and abilities is a factor that develops and sustains resilience.
Answer: True
Fletcher and Sarkar identified confidence in one's strengths and abilities as one of five factors that develop and sustain a person's resilience.
Family environments that are caring and stable, and encourage children's participation, successfully foster resilience.
Answer: True
Family environments characterized by caring and stability, high expectations for children's behavior, and encouragement of children's participation in family life are more successful in fostering resilience.
Which of the following is considered an internal factor influencing psychological resilience?
Answer: Self-regulation
Internal factors influencing resilience include personal characteristics such as self-esteem, self-regulation, and a positive outlook on life.
Trait resilience is negatively correlated with which personality traits?
Answer: Neuroticism and negative emotionality
Trait resilience is negatively correlated with neuroticism and negative emotionality, which represent tendencies to perceive and react to the world as threatening and distressing.
Which of the following is a characteristic commonly associated with psychological resilience?
Answer: An easy temperament
Characteristics associated with psychological resilience include an easy temperament, good self-esteem, and effective planning skills.
According to Fletcher and Sarkar, which of the following is a factor that develops and sustains a person's resilience?
Answer: The capacity to manage strong impulses and feelings.
Fletcher and Sarkar identified the capacity to manage strong impulses and feelings as one of five factors that develop and sustain a person's resilience.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three contexts for protective factors that contribute to resilience?
Answer: Economic status
One study distinguished three contexts for protective factors: personal attributes, family environment, and community support. Economic status was not listed as one of these three contexts.
Building psychosocial factors and fostering positive emotions are strategies individuals can use to enhance their resilience.
Answer: True
Individuals can enhance their resilience through various strategies, including building psychosocial factors and fostering positive emotions, which help develop stronger coping mechanisms.
The American Psychological Association suggests avoiding social groups as a tactic to build resilience.
Answer: False
The American Psychological Association suggests prioritizing relationships and joining social groups as tactics to build resilience, not avoiding them.
Maintaining positive emotions while facing adversity can make individuals more flexible in their thinking and problem-solving.
Answer: True
Individuals who maintain positive emotions while facing adversity demonstrate greater flexibility in their thinking and problem-solving.
The Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) is a group cognitive-behavioral intervention that has been shown to significantly reduce depressive symptoms.
Answer: True
A meta-analysis of 17 Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) studies demonstrated that this group cognitive-behavioral intervention significantly reduces depressive symptoms over time.
In CBT, the first main step to building resilience involves preparing for challenges without addressing negative self-talk.
Answer: False
In CBT, the first main step to building resilience involves mindfully transforming negative self-talk into positive self-talk, which helps reduce psychological stress.
What type of psychological intervention helps individuals develop stronger coping mechanisms by fostering positive emotions and self-compassion?
Answer: Cognitive-behavioral techniques
Cognitive-behavioral techniques are among the psychological interventions and strategies that help individuals enhance their resilience by fostering positive emotions and self-compassion, leading to stronger coping mechanisms.
Which tactic does the American Psychological Association suggest people use to build resilience?
Answer: Prioritizing relationships.
The American Psychological Association suggests prioritizing relationships, joining social groups, and seeking opportunities for self-discovery as tactics to build resilience.
What is a benefit of maintaining positive emotions while facing adversity?
Answer: It helps individuals recover from stressful experiences.
Individuals who maintain positive emotions while facing adversity facilitate recovery from stressful experiences and demonstrate greater flexibility in their thinking and problem-solving.
What is the first main step in building resilience using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques?
Answer: Mindfully changing negative self-talk to positive self-talk.
In CBT, the first main step to building resilience involves mindfully transforming negative self-talk into positive self-talk to reduce psychological stress.
Which approach to an adverse situation promotes resilience?
Answer: Feeling the emotion about the situation and appropriately handling the emotion.
Resilience is promoted when individuals appropriately process and handle their emotions, adapting and modifying their current patterns to cope with disruptive states.
What has a meta-analysis shown about the effectiveness of the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP)?
Answer: It significantly reduces depressive symptoms over time.
A meta-analysis of 17 Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) studies demonstrated that this intervention significantly reduces depressive symptoms over time.
Which of the following is an example of a development program that promotes resilience?
Answer: The Head Start program.
The Head Start program is listed as an example of a development program that promotes resilience.
From a biological standpoint, resilience is conceptualized as a purely psychological adaptation with no link to biological mechanisms.
Answer: False
From a scientific perspective, resilience is conceptualized as a positive bio-psychological adaptation, highlighting a complex interplay between biological mechanisms and an individual's capacity to cope effectively.
Increased DNA methylation of the growth factor GDNF in certain brain regions is linked to promoting stress resilience.
Answer: True
Research indicates that increased DNA methylation of the growth factor GDNF in certain brain regions promotes stress resilience.
Humor, as a positive emotion, has been linked to improvements in immune system functioning.
Answer: True
Positive emotions, such as humor, are associated with physiological benefits including improvements in immune system functioning and increases in levels of salivary immunoglobulin A.
A study on neurocognitive resilience found a positive association between resilience and enhanced nonverbal memory.
Answer: True
A study on neurocognitive resilience found a positive association between resilience and enhanced nonverbal memory, as well as a measure of emotional learning.
What physiological consequence is associated with positive emotions like humor?
Answer: Improvements in immune system functioning.
Positive emotions, such as humor, are associated with physiological benefits including improvements in immune system functioning and increases in levels of salivary immunoglobulin A.
From a biological standpoint, how is resilience conceptualized?
Answer: As a positive bio-psychological adaptation.
From a scientific perspective, resilience is conceptualized as a positive bio-psychological adaptation, highlighting a complex interplay between biological mechanisms and an individual's capacity to cope effectively.
Which neurotransmitters are primarily responsible for stress buffering within the brain?
Answer: Dopamine and endogenous opioids
The neurotransmitters dopamine and endogenous opioids are primarily responsible for stress buffering within the brain.
Which nervous system is self-confidence rooted in, according to the three notable bases for resilience?
Answer: Somatic nervous system
According to the three notable bases for resilience, self-confidence is rooted in the somatic nervous system.
In an athletic context, resilience is viewed exclusively as an inherent trait, historically known as hardiness.
Answer: False
Within the athletic context, resilience is conceptualized not only as an inherent trait but also as a dynamic process shaped by training, motivation, and environmental conditions.
In military studies, individualistic approaches to stress are the best predictors of combat resiliency.
Answer: False
In military studies, unit cohesion and morale are the best predictors of combat resiliency, indicating that social support, rather than individualistic approaches, is key.
For refugees, language learning and communication can help develop resilience by fostering social cohesion and providing access to education.
Answer: True
Language learning and communication contribute to resilience for refugees by fostering home language and literacy for shared identity, promoting social cohesion, and providing access to education and employment.
The 'immigrant paradox' suggests that second-generation immigrant youth often exhibit more resilience than their first-generation parents.
Answer: False
The 'immigrant paradox' describes the phenomenon where first-generation immigrant youth often exhibit greater resilience than their children (second-generation), not the other way around.
Individualist cultures, like Japan and Sweden, emphasize family and group work goals.
Answer: False
Individualist cultures, such as those of the U.S., Austria, Spain, and Canada, emphasize personal goals and achievements, while collectivist cultures like Japan and Sweden emphasize family and group work goals.
In military studies, what is considered the best predictor of combat resiliency?
Answer: Unit cohesion and morale.
In military studies, unit cohesion and morale are identified as the best predictors of combat resiliency, as highly cohesive units tend to experience lower rates of psychological breakdowns.
How is resilience conceptualized within the athletic context?
Answer: As a dynamic process shaped by training, motivation, and environmental conditions.
Within the athletic context, resilience is conceptualized as a dynamic process shaped by training, motivation, and environmental conditions, not solely as an inherent trait.
How does language learning contribute to resilience for refugees?
Answer: By fostering home language and literacy for shared identity and promoting social cohesion.
Language learning and communication contribute to resilience for refugees by fostering home language and literacy for shared identity, promoting social cohesion, and providing access to education and employment.
How do military organizations typically assess resilience in their personnel?
Answer: By deliberately subjecting personnel to stress during training.
Military organizations assess resilience by deliberately subjecting personnel to stress during training to screen out those who do not exhibit the necessary resilience.
Psychologists generally agree that stress itself directly promotes resilience, regardless of an individual's perception of it.
Answer: False
Some psychologists contend that it is not stress itself that directly promotes resilience, but rather an individual's perception of their stress and their perceived level of control over it.
Responding to adversity with anger or aggression is an approach that promotes resilience.
Answer: False
Responding to adversity with anger or aggression is a maladaptive response that diminishes problem-solving abilities and weakens resilience, rather than promoting it.
Adopting a victim mentality and blaming others decreases problem-solving abilities and weakens resilience.
Answer: True
Maladaptive responses to adversity, such as adopting a victim mentality and blaming others, diminish problem-solving abilities and weaken resilience, making recovery more challenging.
A study in the American Journal of Psychiatry suggested that the goal of public health should be to reduce childhood trauma, not primarily promote resilience, due to potential worse long-term outcomes for resilient children.
Answer: True
A study in the American Journal of Psychiatry reported that patients who demonstrated resilience to adverse events in childhood may experience worse outcomes later in life, leading authors to posit that reducing childhood trauma should be the primary public health goal.
How do responding with anger/aggression or becoming overwhelmed and shutting down negatively impact an individual's ability to cope?
Answer: They lead individuals to adopt a victim mentality, blaming others, and rejecting coping methods.
Maladaptive responses such as anger/aggression or becoming overwhelmed and shutting down lead individuals to adopt a victim mentality, blame others, and reject effective coping methods, thereby diminishing problem-solving abilities and weakening resilience.
According to some psychologists, what aspect of stress promotes resilience?
Answer: An individual's perception of their stress and perceived level of control over it.
Some psychologists contend that it is an individual's perception of their stress and their perceived level of control over it, rather than stress itself, that promotes resilience.