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The term 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' primarily refers to a future descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who will rise against tyranny to restore justice.
Answer: True
The term 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' denotes an eschatological figure, a descendant of Prophet Muhammad, who is expected to emerge and re-establish justice by confronting tyranny, as detailed in the primary definition.
The term 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' became common in Shia literature during the Abbasid Caliphate, largely replacing the term Mahdi.
Answer: False
The term 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' became common by the end of the Umayyad Caliphate, not during the Abbasid Caliphate, and largely replaced 'Mahdi' in Shia literature during that earlier period.
The qualification 'al-Qa'im bi 'l-sayf' signifies the messianic figure's role as 'the one who shall rise by the order of God'.
Answer: False
The qualification 'al-Qa'im bi 'l-sayf' translates to 'the one who shall rise with the sword,' whereas 'the one who shall rise by the order of God' is 'al-Qa'im bi-amr Allah'.
In Shia traditions, 'Qa'im' is often contrasted with 'qa'id', which refers to Imams who were politically active.
Answer: False
The term 'qa'id' (meaning 'sitting') is used in Shia traditions to refer to Imams who remained politically quiescent, contrasting with the active, rising nature associated with 'Qa'im'.
Abdulaziz Sachedina argues that the title 'al-Qa'im' has a stronger political emphasis than 'al-Mahdi', signifying a future rise against tyranny.
Answer: True
Abdulaziz Sachedina indeed argues that 'al-Qa'im' carries a more pronounced political emphasis than 'al-Mahdi', specifically denoting the twelfth Imam's future uprising against tyranny to establish justice.
Eschatology is the theological study of the origins of religious texts and their historical context.
Answer: False
Eschatology is the theological study concerned with death, judgment, and the final destiny of the soul and humankind, not the origins of religious texts.
The 'family of Muhammad' in the title Qa'im Al Muhammad signifies that the awaited figure is a direct descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Answer: True
The phrase 'family of Muhammad' in the title 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' indeed emphasizes the awaited figure's direct lineage from the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a crucial aspect in Shia Islam.
The general expectation for the Mahdi in Islam is that he will be a political leader who establishes a new caliphate, regardless of religious restoration.
Answer: False
The general expectation for the Mahdi in Islam is to restore religion and justice at the end of time, which implies a religious restoration, not merely the establishment of a new caliphate regardless of religious aspects.
Every Imam in some Shia traditions is considered the 'qa'im' of his own age, or 'qa'im ahl zamanihi'.
Answer: True
Some Shia traditions indeed hold that every Imam is considered the 'qa'im' of his own age ('qa'im ahl zamanihi'), indicating a continuous spiritual and leadership role.
What is the primary definition of 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' in Shia Islam?
Answer: An epithet for the Mahdi, an eschatological figure believed to restore religion and justice.
The primary definition of 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' in Shia Islam is an epithet for the Mahdi, an eschatological figure expected to restore religion and justice at the end of time.
When did the term 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' largely replace 'Mahdi' in Shia literature?
Answer: By the end of the Umayyad caliphate.
The term 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' became common and largely replaced 'Mahdi' in Shia literature by the end of the Umayyad Caliphate.
Which of the following is the meaning of 'al-Qa'im bi 'l-sayf'?
Answer: The one who shall rise with the sword.
The phrase 'al-Qa'im bi 'l-sayf' directly translates to 'the one who shall rise with the sword,' emphasizing a militant aspect of the messianic figure.
What does the term 'qa'id' signify when contrasted with 'Qa'im' in Shia traditions?
Answer: Imams who remained politically quiescent.
In Shia traditions, 'qa'id' (meaning 'sitting') is contrasted with 'Qa'im' to refer to Imams who remained politically quiescent, unlike the active, rising nature of the Qa'im.
According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, what kind of emphasis does the title 'al-Qa'im' carry more than 'al-Mahdi'?
Answer: A political emphasis.
Abdulaziz Sachedina argues that the title 'al-Qa'im' carries a stronger political emphasis than 'al-Mahdi', signifying an active uprising against tyranny.
What is the meaning of 'Eschatology' in the context of 'Qa'im Al Muhammad'?
Answer: The part of theology concerned with death, judgment, and the final destiny of the soul and humankind.
Eschatology, in the context of 'Qa'im Al Muhammad', refers to the theological study of ultimate matters such as death, judgment, and the final destiny of the soul and humankind.
What is the significance of the 'family of Muhammad' in the title 'Qa'im Al Muhammad'?
Answer: It emphasizes the awaited figure's lineage as a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
The phrase 'family of Muhammad' in 'Qa'im Al Muhammad' is significant because it underscores the awaited figure's direct lineage from the Islamic prophet Muhammad, which is central to Shia Imamate.
What is the general expectation for the Mahdi in Islam?
Answer: To restore religion and justice at the end of time.
The general expectation for the Mahdi in Islam is that he will emerge at the end of time to restore religion and justice, fulfilling an eschatological role.
In some Shia traditions, what is the broader understanding of 'qa'im' beyond the messianic figure?
Answer: Every Imam as the 'qa'im' of his own age.
Beyond the singular messianic figure, some Shia traditions hold a broader understanding of 'qa'im' as every Imam being the 'qa'im' of his own age ('qa'im ahl zamanihi').
In Twelver Shia eschatology, Muhammad al-Mahdi is identified as the twelfth Imam and the son of the eleventh Imam.
Answer: True
Muhammad al-Mahdi is indeed the central figure in Twelver Shia eschatology, recognized as the twelfth Imam and the son of the eleventh Imam, destined to reappear and establish justice.
The twelfth Imam in Twelver Shia belief is known by titles such as al-Mahdi, al-Qa'im, and Saheb al-Zaman.
Answer: True
The twelfth Imam is indeed known by these three significant titles: al-Mahdi ('the rightly guided'), al-Qa'im ('he who will rise'), and Saheb al-Zaman ('lord of the age'), reflecting his pivotal role in Islamic eschatology.
Muhammad al-Mahdi was born around 874 CE and was concealed by God after his father's death in 868 CE.
Answer: False
Muhammad al-Mahdi is believed to have been born around 868 CE and was concealed after his father's death in 874 CE, reversing the dates presented in the statement.
During the Minor Occultation (874–941 CE), the twelfth Imam maintained direct communication with his followers through Four Deputies.
Answer: True
The Minor Occultation, spanning from 874 to 941 CE, was indeed a period during which the twelfth Imam communicated with his followers through a designated network of Four Deputies.
Twelver Shia believers expect direct communication with the twelfth Imam during the Major Occultation through designated representatives.
Answer: False
During the Major Occultation, direct communication with the twelfth Imam through designated representatives ceased. Instead, it is believed he provides inward spiritual guidance and occasionally appears to the pious in visions or dreams.
Twelver sources began identifying the twelfth Imam with the messianic figure of Mahdi only after the Major Occultation commenced.
Answer: False
Twelver sources began to identify the twelfth Imam with the messianic figure of Mahdi as early as the Minor Occultation, not solely after the Major Occultation began.
Al-Nu'mani, a contemporary of the Minor Occultation, preferred the title 'al-Mahdi' over 'al-Qa'im' in his writings.
Answer: False
Al-Nu'mani, during the Minor Occultation, actually preferred the title 'al-Qa'im' over 'al-Mahdi' in his scholarly works, or sometimes used a combined form.
A tradition ascribed to Ja'far al-Sadiq explicitly identifies the promised al-Mahdi with al-Qa'im, suggesting a unified understanding of these titles.
Answer: True
A tradition attributed to Ja'far al-Sadiq indeed explicitly equates al-Mahdi with al-Qa'im, indicating a unified understanding of these messianic titles within Twelver Shia thought.
Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi considers a 'wahid' hadith linking 'al-Qa'im's' title to his rise after death as reliable, supporting the idea of a literal resurrection.
Answer: False
Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi considers this 'wahid' hadith unreliable, arguing it contradicts the Twelver belief that the earth must never be without an Imam, and interprets 'death' figuratively.
The concept of Occultation in Twelver Shia belief describes the twelfth Imam's direct communication with all followers through a network of scholars during his hidden period.
Answer: False
The concept of Occultation involves the twelfth Imam's concealment, with direct communication only occurring through Four Deputies during the Minor Occultation, and no direct communication during the Major Occultation, where he provides inward spiritual guidance.
The 'hujjat Allah' in Twelver belief signifies that the earth must never be without an Imam, reinforcing the continuous spiritual guidance.
Answer: True
The 'hujjat Allah' (proof of God) in Twelver belief indeed asserts that the earth must always have an Imam, thereby reinforcing the concept of continuous divine spiritual guidance.
Who is the central figure in Twelver Shia eschatology identified as the twelfth Imam?
Answer: Muhammad al-Mahdi
Muhammad al-Mahdi is the pivotal figure in Twelver Shia eschatology, recognized as the twelfth Imam and the awaited messianic figure.
Which title for the twelfth Imam translates to 'lord of the age'?
Answer: Saheb al-Zaman
Among the titles for the twelfth Imam, 'Saheb al-Zaman' specifically translates to 'lord of the age,' signifying his enduring spiritual authority.
According to Twelver Shia belief, when was Muhammad al-Mahdi concealed by God from humanity?
Answer: After the death of his father in 874 CE.
Muhammad al-Mahdi was concealed by God from humanity after the death of his father, the eleventh Imam, in 874 CE.
What was the duration of the Minor Occultation for the twelfth Imam?
Answer: 874–941 CE
The Minor Occultation for the twelfth Imam lasted from 874 CE to 941 CE, a period during which he communicated through Four Deputies.
What is the belief regarding the twelfth Imam's spiritual guidance during the Major Occultation?
Answer: He is responsible for the inward spiritual guidance of humankind.
During the Major Occultation, the twelfth Imam is believed to be responsible for the inward spiritual guidance of humankind, with occasional appearances to the pious in visions or dreams.
Twelver sources began to identify the twelfth Imam with the messianic figure of Mahdi as early as which period?
Answer: The Minor Occultation.
Twelver sources began to identify the twelfth Imam with the messianic figure of Mahdi as early as the Minor Occultation, solidifying his role as the awaited savior.
Al-Nu'mani, living during the Minor Occultation, preferred which title for the twelfth Imam in his writings?
Answer: al-Qa'im
Al-Nu'mani, a contemporary of the Minor Occultation, preferred the title 'al-Qa'im' or 'al-Qa'im al-Mahdi' in his writings, indicating its prominence during that period.
A tradition ascribed to Ja'far al-Sadiq explicitly identifies the promised al-Mahdi with which other figure?
Answer: Al-Qa'im.
A tradition attributed to Ja'far al-Sadiq explicitly identifies the promised al-Mahdi with al-Qa'im, suggesting a unified understanding of these messianic titles.
Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi considers a specific 'wahid' hadith unreliable because it contradicts which Twelver belief?
Answer: The belief that the earth must never be without an Imam.
Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi deems the 'wahid' hadith unreliable because it contradicts the Twelver belief in 'hujjat Allah', which asserts that the earth must never be devoid of an Imam.
The concept of 'Occultation' in Twelver Shia belief refers to what?
Answer: The Imam's concealment by God from humanity.
The concept of 'Occultation' in Twelver Shia belief refers to the divine concealment of the twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, from humanity.
What does the Twelver belief of 'hujjat Allah' assert?
Answer: That the earth cannot be void of an Imam at any time.
The Twelver belief of 'hujjat Allah' (proof of God) asserts the fundamental principle that the earth must never be without an Imam, ensuring continuous divine guidance.
In Isma'ilism, the title 'qa'im' conveys that the Imam ushers in the resurrection, known as 'qiyama'.
Answer: True
In Isma'ilism, the title 'qa'im' indeed signifies the Imam's role in inaugurating the resurrection, or 'qiyama', marking the beginning of a new spiritual epoch.
Nasir Khusraw believed that the line of Imams in Isma'ilism would culminate in the 'Qa'im al-Qiyama', representing the ultimate purpose of creation.
Answer: True
Nasir Khusraw's theological framework in Isma'ilism indeed posits that the lineage of Imams culminates in the 'Qa'im al-Qiyama', who embodies the ultimate purpose of creation.
The era of the Lord of the Resurrection in Isma'ilism, as described by Nasir Khusraw, is primarily a time for new divine prescriptions and commands for people to work.
Answer: False
Nasir Khusraw describes the era of the Lord of the Resurrection as a period of spiritual reward and enlightenment, not a time for the introduction of new divine prescriptions or commands for people to work.
In Isma'ili belief, the 'hujjat' who precedes the Lord of the Resurrection has knowledge superior to that of a thousand Imams.
Answer: True
The 'hujjat' preceding the Lord of the Resurrection in Isma'ili belief is indeed considered to possess knowledge superior to that of a thousand Imams, as indicated by the Quranic verse 'the night of power (laylat al-qadr) is better than a thousand months'.
The 'natiqs' in Isma'ili belief are the spiritual guides during the Major Occultation, providing inward guidance.
Answer: False
In Isma'ili belief, 'natiqs' are enunciators of divine revelation, such as prophets, not spiritual guides during a Major Occultation, which is a Twelver Shia concept.
The 'hujjat' preceding the Lord of the Resurrection in Isma'ili belief is referred to in the Quranic verse 'the night of power (laylat al-qadr) is better than a thousand months'.
Answer: True
In Isma'ili belief, the 'hujjat' who precedes the Lord of the Resurrection is indeed symbolically linked to the Quranic verse 'the night of power (laylat al-qadr) is better than a thousand months'.
The era of the Qa'im in Isma'ilism is characterized by the introduction of new divine laws and commands, similar to the era of the 'natiqs'.
Answer: False
The era of the Qa'im in Isma'ilism is not for new divine prescriptions or commands, but rather an era of spiritual reward and enlightenment, differing from the era of the 'natiqs' who introduce new revelations.
In Isma'ilism, what event does the 'qa'im' usher in?
Answer: The resurrection, known as 'qiyama'.
In Isma'ilism, the 'qa'im' is understood to usher in the resurrection, or 'qiyama', marking a new spiritual epoch rather than a period of new divine laws.
According to Nasir Khusraw, what does the 'Qa'im al-Qiyama' represent in Isma'ilism?
Answer: The ultimate purpose of creation.
Nasir Khusraw posits that the 'Qa'im al-Qiyama' in Isma'ilism represents the ultimate purpose of creation, signifying the culmination of the Imamate lineage.
Nasir Khusraw describes the era of the Lord of the Resurrection as a time of reward for those who did what?
Answer: Labored with knowledge and fulfilled prophets' commands.
Nasir Khusraw characterizes the era of the Lord of the Resurrection as a time of reward for those who diligently pursued knowledge and adhered to the commands of the prophets.
In Isma'ili belief, the 'hujjat' preceding the Lord of the Resurrection is referred to by which Quranic verse?
Answer: The night of power (laylat al-qadr) is better than a thousand months.
The Quranic verse 'the night of power (laylat al-qadr) is better than a thousand months' is symbolically associated with the 'hujjat' who precedes the Lord of the Resurrection in Isma'ili belief.
How does the era of the Qa'im in Isma'ilism differ from that of the 'natiqs'?
Answer: The Qa'im's era is not for new divine prescriptions, but for spiritual reward.
The era of the Qa'im in Isma'ilism is characterized as a time of spiritual reward and enlightenment, fundamentally differing from the 'natiqs' era, which involves the introduction of new divine prescriptions.
The Quranic verse 'the night of power (laylat al-qadr) is better than a thousand months' is said to refer to whom in Isma'ili belief?
Answer: The 'hujjat' who precedes the Lord of the Resurrection.
In Isma'ili belief, the Quranic verse 'the night of power (laylat al-qadr) is better than a thousand months' is understood to refer to the 'hujjat' who precedes the Lord of the Resurrection.
What is the primary characteristic of the era of the Lord of the Resurrection in Isma'ilism, as described by Nasir Khusraw?
Answer: It is an era of spiritual reward and enlightenment, not new divine prescriptions.
Nasir Khusraw characterizes the era of the Lord of the Resurrection in Isma'ilism as a period of spiritual reward and enlightenment, distinct from the introduction of new divine prescriptions.
Al-Saffah, an Abbasid Caliph, claimed the title al-Qaim and sought to avenge the deaths of several prominent figures, including Imam Ali and Imam Hussein.
Answer: True
Al-Saffah, an Abbasid Caliph, indeed claimed the title al-Qaim and aimed to avenge the deaths of Imam Ali, Imam Hussein, Zayd ibn Ali ibn al-Hussein, and Yahiya ibn Zayd.
Ali Muhammad (Báb) proclaimed himself Mahdi and Qa'im in Karbala in 1844, promising to gather his devotees for a holy war.
Answer: False
Ali Muhammad (Báb) proclaimed himself Mahdi and Qa'im in Mecca in 1844, not Karbala, and initially intended to gather his devotees in Karbala and Najaf for a holy war.
Ali Muhammad (Báb) was executed in 1850 by the Qajars, and his followers believe his fate was similar to Jesus in Adam's Cycle.
Answer: True
Ali Muhammad (Báb) was indeed executed in 1850 by the Qajars, and his followers believe his fate paralleled that of Jesus in Adam's Cycle.
Ahmed al-Hasan initially claimed to be the Qa'im and later, in 2015, his followers claimed he was the Mahdi (Twelfth Imam).
Answer: False
Ahmed al-Hasan initially claimed to be al-Yamani, a descendant of the Twelfth Imam and Mahdi. In 2015, his followers claimed he was the Qa'im, not the Mahdi (Twelfth Imam).
Abdullah Hashem, a disciple of Ahmed al-Hasan, founded the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (AROPL) after announcing himself as the Qa'im Al Muhammad in 2015.
Answer: True
Abdullah Hashem, a disciple of Ahmed al-Hasan, did indeed announce himself as the Qa'im Al Muhammad in 2015 and subsequently founded the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (AROPL).
The father of Abbasid Caliph al-Saffah, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah, declared him 'the lord of Bani Hashem al-Qaim al-Mahdi'.
Answer: True
An 8th-9th century book indeed records that Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah, the father of Abbasid Caliph al-Saffah, declared him 'the lord of Bani Hashem al-Qaim al-Mahdi'.
The Babist movement, founded by Ali Muhammad (Báb), has completely ceased to exist after his execution.
Answer: False
The Babist movement, founded by Ali Muhammad (Báb), continues to exist today through two sects, Azali and Baha'i Faith, despite his execution.
Al-Saffah, an Abbasid Caliph, claimed to be al-Qaim to avenge the deaths of which group of figures?
Answer: Imam Ali, Imam Hussein, Zayd ibn Ali ibn al-Hussein, and Yahiya ibn Zayd.
Al-Saffah claimed the title al-Qaim with the explicit intention of avenging the deaths of Imam Ali, Imam Hussein, Zayd ibn Ali ibn al-Hussein, and Yahiya ibn Zayd.
What did Ali Muhammad (Báb) claim to be in Mecca in 1844?
Answer: A prophet, the Qa'im, and the physical manifestation of the Twelfth Imam.
In Mecca in 1844, Ali Muhammad (Báb) proclaimed himself a prophet, the Qa'im, and the physical manifestation of the Twelfth Imam.
What is the current status of the Babist movement after Ali Muhammad (Báb)'s execution?
Answer: It continues today with two sects, Azali and Baha'i Faith.
Despite Ali Muhammad (Báb)'s execution, the Babist movement continues to exist today, primarily through its two main sects: Azali and the Baha'i Faith.
What did Ahmed al-Hasan's followers, the White Banners, claim about him in 2015?
Answer: He was the Qa'im, not the Mahdi (Twelfth Imam).
In 2015, Ahmed al-Hasan's followers, the White Banners, asserted his reappearance and identified him as the Qa'im, specifically distinguishing him from the Mahdi (Twelfth Imam).
Who is Abdullah Hashem, and what religious movement did he found?
Answer: An Egyptian-American disciple of Ahmed al-Hasan who founded the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light.
Abdullah Hashem is an Egyptian-American disciple of Ahmed al-Hasan who, after declaring himself the Qa'im Al Muhammad in 2015, founded the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (AROPL).
Which of the following figures was declared 'the lord of Bani Hashem al-Qaim al-Mahdi' by his father, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah?
Answer: Al-Saffah
Al-Saffah was declared 'the lord of Bani Hashem al-Qaim al-Mahdi' by his father, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah, as recorded in an 8th-9th century text.
The Babist movement believes Ali Muhammad (Báb)'s fate was similar to which figure in Adam's Cycle?
Answer: Jesus
Followers of the Babist movement believe that Ali Muhammad (Báb)'s fate, including his execution, was similar to that of Jesus in Adam's Cycle.
Ahmed al-Hasan initially claimed to be al-Yamani, a descendant of whom?
Answer: The Twelfth Imam and Mahdi.
Ahmed al-Hasan initially claimed to be al-Yamani, asserting descent from the Twelfth Imam and Mahdi.