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Rafael Trujillo Molina was born in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic, in 1891.
Answer: False
Rafael Trujillo Molina was born in 1891, but his birthplace was San Cristóbal, not Santiago.
Trujillo's paternal lineage originates from José Trujillo Valdez, the offspring of a colonial Dominican woman and a sergeant of Canary Islander descent. His maternal lineage traces to Altagracia Julia Molina Chevalier, whose parents included a Dominican farmer and a teacher of Saint-Domingue Creole background, possessing French and mulatto heritage.
Answer: True
The description accurately reflects the complex paternal and maternal ancestry of Rafael Trujillo Molina.
During his formative years, Trujillo was reportedly involved in criminal activities, including cattle rustling and robbery, rather than academic pursuits or a peaceful demeanor.
Answer: True
Contrary to a peaceful demeanor, Trujillo's youth was marked by involvement in criminal activities such as cattle rustling and robbery.
The U.S. occupation of the Dominican Republic facilitated Trujillo's military career, as he joined the National Guard and advanced through the ranks under American supervision.
Answer: True
The U.S. occupation provided Trujillo with the opportunity to join and advance within the National Guard, laying the foundation for his later rise to power.
During the 1930 coup, Trujillo, as commander of the National Police, maintained neutrality, allowing rebel leader Rafael Estrella Ureña to seize power unopposed, thereby facilitating his own subsequent presidential bid.
Answer: True
Trujillo's strategic neutrality during the 1930 coup enabled the rebels to take control, paving the way for his own political ascendancy.
Trujillo was declared the winner of the 1930 Dominican general election with an implausibly high percentage of votes, amidst widespread reports of electoral manipulation and suppression of opposition candidates.
Answer: True
The 1930 election results, showing an overwhelming victory for Trujillo, were widely considered fraudulent due to manipulation and suppression of opponents.
Trujillo was privately known by the appellation 'Chapitas' (Bottlecaps), a moniker derived from his ostentatious and indiscriminate habit of adorning himself with numerous medals, some of which were reportedly fashioned from bottle caps—a practice emulated even by Dominican children.
Answer: True
Trujillo's habit of wearing medals, sometimes made from bottle caps, earned him the nickname 'Chapitas'.
María de los Ángeles Martínez Alba, Trujillo's third wife, was colloquially known by the diminutive epithet 'la españolita,' signifying 'the little Spanish girl'.
Answer: True
Trujillo's third wife was nicknamed 'la españolita' due to her heritage.
Who was Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina, and what was his significance in the Dominican Republic?
Answer: A Dominican military officer and dictator who ruled the country for over three decades.
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina was a Dominican military officer and dictator who governed the country for over three decades, from 1930 until his assassination in 1961.
In which Dominican city was Rafael Trujillo born?
Answer: San Cristóbal
Rafael Trujillo Molina was born in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic.
Which historical event significantly influenced Rafael Trujillo's ascent to power?
Answer: The U.S. occupation of the Dominican Republic.
The U.S. occupation of the Dominican Republic provided Trujillo the opportunity to join and advance within the National Guard, facilitating his rise.
What was Trujillo's specific role in the 1930 coup that overthrew President Horacio Vásquez?
Answer: He secretly colluded with the rebels and remained neutral militarily.
As commander of the National Police, Trujillo secretly supported the rebels in the 1930 coup by maintaining neutrality, allowing them to seize power.
By what methods did Trujillo secure victory in the 1930 Dominican general election?
Answer: Through heavy manipulation, harassment of opponents, and an implausibly high vote count.
Trujillo secured victory in the 1930 election through widespread manipulation, intimidation of opponents, and an inflated vote count.
Which personal characteristic of Trujillo led to him being nicknamed 'Chapitas'?
Answer: Chapitas (Bottlecaps)
Trujillo's habit of wearing medals, sometimes made from bottle caps, earned him the nickname 'Chapitas'.
To whom did the nickname 'Españolita' associated with Trujillo refer?
Answer: His third wife, María de los Ángeles Martínez Alba.
The nickname 'Españolita' referred to Trujillo's third wife, María de los Ángeles Martínez Alba.
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina governed the Dominican Republic, ostensibly as a democratically elected president, for over three decades, from 1930 until his assassination in 1961.
Answer: False
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina governed the Dominican Republic for over three decades, from 1930 until his assassination in 1961, but his rule was characterized by dictatorship, not democratic election.
The period of Trujillo's rule, known as El Trujillato, was characterized by democratic reforms and a celebration of political freedoms.
Answer: False
The Trujillo Era, or El Trujillato, was defined by a brutal dictatorship, a pervasive personality cult, extensive state terrorism, and the systematic suppression of political freedoms and opposition.
In comparison to numerous other Caribbean dictatorships of the same epoch, Trujillo's regime is widely assessed as having been more pervasive in its control and demonstrably more brutal in its methods.
Answer: True
Trujillo's dictatorship is considered to have been more prominent and more brutal than many of its Caribbean contemporaries.
Upon assuming presidential authority, Trujillo consolidated his dictatorial control by establishing the Dominican Party as the sole permissible political organization and suppressing all opposition, rather than promoting multi-party democracy.
Answer: True
Trujillo consolidated power by creating a single-party state and eliminating opposition, directly contradicting the notion of promoting multi-party democracy.
Trujillo cultivated an elaborate personality cult, manifesting in the renaming of cities and geographical features in his honor, the erection of numerous statues, and the mandatory display of slogans such as 'God in Heaven, Trujillo on Earth.' His regime even nominated him for the Nobel Peace Prize, underscoring the extent of this deification.
Answer: True
Trujillo fostered an extensive personality cult, involving renaming places, erecting statues, and promoting slogans that elevated him to near-divine status.
The Servicio de Inteligencia Militar (SIM), expertly managed by Johnny Abbes, functioned as Trujillo's clandestine security apparatus, primarily responsible for political detentions, torture, and assassinations, rather than serving as a public relations department.
Answer: True
The SIM was Trujillo's secret police force, responsible for repression and violence, not public relations.
Trujillo amassed his vast fortune through monopolistic practices and the appropriation of national industries and resources, rather than legitimate business ventures or fair competition.
Answer: True
Trujillo's wealth was accumulated through monopolies and control over key industries, not through legitimate business practices.
The term 'Palmita' referred to the mandatory membership card for the Dominican Party, the sole legally sanctioned political organization during Trujillo's rule. Possession of this card was obligatory, and its absence could result in detention on charges of vagrancy.
Answer: True
The 'Palmita' was indeed the mandatory membership card for Trujillo's Dominican Party.
The SIM frequently obstructed families from reclaiming the remains of victims of state repression, often resorting to clandestine disposal methods. It is widely believed that bodies were either cast into the sea or incinerated, thereby precluding families from performing customary burial rites.
Answer: True
Trujillo's regime often denied families the remains of victims, making proper burial impossible.
The 'carro de la muerte' (car of death) was a distinctive red Packard vehicle associated with Trujillo's enforcers, specifically 'The 42' gang led by Miguel Angel Paulino. During the initial phase of Trujillo's ascent to power in 1930, this vehicle was utilized for public displays of terror and the execution of repressive acts.
Answer: False
The 'carro de la muerte' was used for terror and repression in 1930, not primarily for transporting prisoners to labor camps.
Trujillo's personal collections were primarily characterized by an extensive wardrobe of elaborate uniforms and suits, rather than historical artifacts or ancient manuscripts.
Answer: True
Trujillo's personal collections focused on clothing and accessories, not historical artifacts or manuscripts.
Trujillo's regime marked its 25th anniversary in 1955 with a significant national celebration, including the minting of commemorative coins bearing his likeness.
Answer: True
The regime celebrated its 25th anniversary in 1955 with a major national event and commemorative coins.
What were the defining characteristics of the Trujillo Era, commonly referred to as El Trujillato?
Answer: A brutal dictatorship marked by a pervasive personality cult and state terrorism.
The Trujillo Era, or El Trujillato, was characterized by a brutal dictatorship, an pervasive personality cult, and extensive state terrorism.
In comparison to other Caribbean dictatorships of his era, Trujillo's regime was characterized as:
Answer: More prominent and more brutal.
Trujillo's dictatorship is widely assessed as having been more prominent and more brutal than many of its Caribbean contemporaries.
Which actions did Trujillo undertake to consolidate his power in the immediate aftermath of becoming president?
Answer: He renamed the capital after himself and established a single legal political party.
Upon becoming president, Trujillo consolidated power by renaming the capital Ciudad Trujillo and establishing the Dominican Party as the sole legal political entity.
What were the primary responsibilities of the SIM (Servicio de Inteligencia Militar) under Trujillo's regime?
Answer: Carrying out secret police functions, including imprisonments and killings.
The SIM served as Trujillo's secret police, responsible for detentions, torture, and assassinations.
Through what mechanisms did Trujillo amass his considerable personal wealth?
Answer: Through monopolies and family control over key industries.
Trujillo amassed his wealth through monopolistic practices and familial control over key industries and national resources.
What did the term 'Palmita' signify during Trujillo's rule?
Answer: A mandatory membership card for the Dominican Party.
The 'Palmita' was the mandatory membership card for the Dominican Party, the sole legal political organization under Trujillo.
What was the 'carro de la muerte' in the context of Trujillo's regime?
Answer: A red Packard used by Trujillo's gang for terror and repression.
The 'carro de la muerte' was a red Packard used by Trujillo's enforcers for acts of terror and repression in 1930.
How did Trujillo's regime typically handle the remains of victims of state repression?
Answer: The SIM often disposed of them clandestinely, denying families the remains.
The SIM frequently disposed of victims' remains clandestinely, preventing families from performing proper burials.
How did Trujillo's regime commemorate its 25th anniversary in 1955?
Answer: Organizing a major national celebration and minting commemorative coins.
Trujillo's regime marked its 25th anniversary in 1955 with a major national celebration and the minting of commemorative coins.
Scholarly estimates indicate that Trujillo's security apparatus was responsible for the demise of approximately 50,000 individuals during his regime.
Answer: True
Estimates suggest that Trujillo's security forces were responsible for the deaths of approximately 50,000 people during his regime, a figure that includes many victims of the Parsley Massacre.
The Parsley Massacre, perpetrated in October 1937, involved the systematic extermination of tens of thousands of Haitians residing near the Dominican border.
Answer: True
The Parsley Massacre, occurring in October 1937, involved the targeted killing of tens of thousands of Haitians along the Dominican Republic's border.
Trujillo's regime of state terrorism was not confined strictly within the Dominican Republic's territorial boundaries.
Answer: True
Trujillo's state terrorism extended beyond national borders through actions such as the attempted assassination of Venezuelan president Rómulo Betancourt and the murder of Spanish writer José Almoina.
The assassination attempt on Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt and the politically motivated murder of the Mirabal sisters in 1960 precipitated a significant decline in international support for Trujillo's regime.
Answer: True
The assassination attempt on Rómulo Betancourt and the murder of the Mirabal sisters in 1960 were pivotal events that severely damaged Trujillo's international standing and led to OAS sanctions.
The Parsley Massacre, a brutal act of state-sponsored violence against Haitians, severely damaged relations between the Dominican Republic and Haiti, fostering lasting animosity.
Answer: True
The Parsley Massacre significantly worsened relations between the Dominican Republic and Haiti, creating enduring resentment.
Trujillo harbored a profound personal animosity towards Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, a vocal critic of the Trujillo dictatorship. This animosity culminated in Trujillo sanctioning covert operations against Betancourt, including the orchestration of a vehicular bombing that, while injuring Betancourt, failed to result in his death.
Answer: True
Trujillo's hatred for Betancourt stemmed from his opposition to the dictatorship, leading to an assassination attempt.
In response to international pressure, notably from the United States government, Trujillo consented to a reparation settlement of US$750,000 in January 1938 following the Parsley Massacre. However, this sum was subsequently diminished, and systemic corruption within the Haitian administration ensured that only a minimal portion ultimately compensated the surviving victims.
Answer: True
While Trujillo agreed to reparations after the Parsley Massacre, the settlement was reduced, and corruption meant victims received little compensation.
What is the estimated number of fatalities attributed to Trujillo's security apparatus during his regime?
Answer: As many as 50,000 people, encompassing various victims including Haitians.
Estimates suggest that Trujillo's security forces were responsible for the deaths of approximately 50,000 people, including many Haitians killed during the Parsley Massacre.
The Parsley Massacre, initiated by Trujillo in October 1937, primarily targeted which demographic group?
Answer: Haitian immigrants and Haitians living near the border.
The Parsley Massacre primarily targeted Haitians, including immigrants and those residing near the border.
Which of the following actions exemplifies Trujillo's state terrorism extending beyond the Dominican Republic's national borders?
Answer: The attempted assassination of Venezuelan president Rómulo Betancourt.
The assassination attempt on Rómulo Betancourt is a key example of Trujillo's state terrorism extending beyond the Dominican Republic's borders.
Which specific events precipitated a significant erosion of international support for Trujillo's regime and led to the imposition of OAS sanctions?
Answer: The assassination attempt on Rómulo Betancourt and the murder of the Mirabal sisters.
The assassination attempt on Betancourt and the murder of the Mirabal sisters significantly eroded international support and led to OAS sanctions against Trujillo's regime.
What was the principal motivation behind Trujillo's orchestration of the assassination attempt on Rómulo Betancourt?
Answer: Betancourt was an outspoken opponent of Trujillo's regime.
Trujillo's animosity towards Betancourt stemmed from Betancourt's vocal opposition to the Trujillo dictatorship.
Contrary to a strict closed-door policy, Trujillo enacted an open-door policy towards Jewish refugees fleeing Europe in the 1930s, offering them sanctuary when many other nations were reluctant.
Answer: True
Trujillo implemented a notable open-door policy for Jewish refugees, accepting them when other countries were hesitant.
Trujillo's administration implemented significant environmental conservation measures, including the designation of expanded nature reserves, the prohibition of slash-and-burn agricultural practices, the establishment of a forest warden agency, and restrictions on logging activities.
Answer: True
Trujillo's regime enacted environmental policies such as banning slash-and-burn agriculture and establishing a forest warden agency.
The Hull–Trujillo Treaty of 1940 represented a significant diplomatic triumph for Trujillo, as it resulted in the United States ceding its authority over the collection of Dominican customs revenues. This was strategically framed by Trujillo as a restoration of national financial sovereignty.
Answer: True
The Hull–Trujillo Treaty of 1940 led to the U.S. relinquishing control over Dominican customs revenue collection, which Trujillo presented as a restoration of national independence.
Trujillo's foreign policy regarding Cuba evolved significantly. Initially, he provided clandestine support, including weaponry, to anti-Batista factions, some of which later armed Fidel Castro's revolutionaries. Upon Castro's ascendancy, Trujillo pivoted to supporting the ousted Batista regime, only to find himself holding Batista captive until a substantial payment was rendered for his departure.
Answer: True
Trujillo's relationship with the Cuban Revolution was complex, shifting from initial support for anti-Batista forces to opposition after Castro's rise.
Notwithstanding a general lack of personal engagement with baseball, Trujillo extended invitations to numerous Black American players to compete in the Dominican Republic. These athletes participated in high-caliber, desegregated leagues, often receiving substantial remuneration, thereby creating opportunities for prominent figures such as Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson.
Answer: True
Trujillo invited many Black American baseball players to the Dominican Republic, where they played on first-class, un-segregated teams.
Trujillo cultivated amicable relations with Francisco Franco, the leader of Francoist Spain, suggesting a congruence of political ideologies or mutually beneficial strategic interests between their authoritarian regimes.
Answer: True
Trujillo maintained friendly relations with Francisco Franco of Spain, indicating a potential alignment between their regimes.
In 1934, Trujillo enacted significant environmental legislation, including the prohibition of slash-and-burn agriculture and the establishment of a forest warden agency dedicated to park preservation. Furthermore, logging activities, particularly concerning pine trees, were strictly regulated and required his explicit authorization.
Answer: True
In 1934, Trujillo banned slash-and-burn agriculture and established a forest warden agency, demonstrating pro-conservation policies.
Beyond its policy concerning Jewish refugees, Trujillo's regime also accommodated Japanese migration during the 1930s and accepted Spanish exiles in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, suggesting a broader, albeit selectively applied, approach to admitting foreign populations.
Answer: True
Trujillo's regime accepted not only Jewish refugees but also Japanese migrants and Spanish exiles.
The 'Devastations of Osorio' (1605-1606) involved the forced depopulation and destruction of settlements in Hispaniola by Spanish authorities, the primary objective being to prevent illicit trade with pirates and foreign entities.
Answer: True
The Devastations of Osorio involved destroying settlements to prevent trade with pirates and foreign powers.
'La Trinitaria' was a clandestine society established in 1838 by Juan Pablo Duarte and his associates. This organization played a pivotal role in mobilizing and organizing the Dominican War of Independence against Haitian occupation, advocating for the secession of the eastern portion of Hispaniola.
Answer: True
The secret society 'La Trinitaria' was instrumental in organizing the Dominican War of Independence.
The 'Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo' denotes the historical interval from 1809 to 1821, during which Spain reasserted its dominion over the eastern territory of Hispaniola following a transient period of French governance, subsequent to Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Spain.
Answer: True
The 'Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo' refers to the period when Spain regained control of the eastern part of Hispaniola after French rule.
The 'Concert of Europe' system, established post-Napoleonic Wars, aimed to maintain international stability through cooperation among major powers. This system frequently upheld conservative principles and advocated for monarchical restoration, actively resisting revolutionary and liberal ideologies.
Answer: False
The source states that the 'Concert of Europe' was an alliance of revolutionary movements seeking to overthrow monarchies in the 19th century.
The 'Counter-Enlightenment' represented a significant philosophical and political reaction against the prevailing rationalism and individualism of the Enlightenment era. It championed tradition, established authority, and emotional experience, while expressing skepticism towards radical societal transformations, frequently aligning with conservative perspectives.
Answer: False
The source states that 'Counter-Enlightenment' emphasized radical individualism and the supremacy of reason over tradition.
What distinguished Trujillo's policy concerning Jewish refugees from those of other nations during the 1930s?
Answer: He implemented an open-door policy, accepting a significant number when other nations were reluctant.
Trujillo enacted an open-door policy for Jewish refugees, accepting them when many other nations were hesitant.
What was the primary significance of the Hull–Trujillo Treaty of 1940?
Answer: Led to the U.S. relinquishing control over Dominican customs revenue collection.
The Hull–Trujillo Treaty of 1940 was significant because it resulted in the United States relinquishing control over Dominican customs revenue collection.
What was the nature and objective of the 'Devastations of Osorio,' ordered by the Spanish governor in 1605-1606?
Answer: The forced depopulation and destruction of settlements to prevent foreign trade.
The 'Devastations of Osorio' involved the forced depopulation and destruction of settlements to prevent illicit trade with pirates and foreign powers.
What was the primary objective of the 'Concert of Europe' system?
Answer: Maintain peace and stability through cooperation among major powers, often supporting conservative principles.
The 'Concert of Europe' system aimed to maintain international stability through cooperation among major powers, often upholding conservative principles.
In contrast to Enlightenment ideals, what core tenets does 'Counter-Enlightenment' thought emphasize?
Answer: Tradition, authority, and emotion.
'Counter-Enlightenment' thought emphasized tradition, authority, and emotion, contrasting with the Enlightenment's focus on rationalism and individualism.
What was Trujillo's stance regarding baseball and the integration of American players into Dominican leagues?
Answer: He invited many Black American players to play on first-class, un-segregated teams.
Trujillo invited numerous Black American baseball players to the Dominican Republic, where they competed in first-class, desegregated leagues.
Which of the following actions exemplifies Trujillo's pro-conservation environmental policies?
Answer: Banning slash-and-burn agriculture and establishing a forest warden agency.
Trujillo implemented pro-conservation environmental policies, including banning slash-and-burn agriculture and establishing a forest warden agency.
What was the outcome of the 1941 agreement between Trujillo and Haitian President Élie Lescot?
Answer: Lescot turned against Trujillo after receiving financial support, leading Trujillo to attempt assassination.
After Trujillo provided financial support to Haitian President Élie Lescot, Lescot turned against Trujillo, who subsequently attempted to assassinate him.
What historical period is designated as 'España Boba' in Dominican history?
Answer: A period of Spanish neglect and inefficiency in governing Santo Domingo.
The 'España Boba' period refers to a time of Spanish colonial neglect and administrative inefficiency in governing Santo Domingo.
What was the primary goal of 'La Trinitaria' organization?
Answer: Organizing the Dominican War of Independence against Haitian rule.
'La Trinitaria' was founded to organize the Dominican War of Independence against Haitian rule.
Beyond Jewish refugees, what was Trujillo's regime's approach to other forms of immigration?
Answer: It also accepted Japanese migration and Spanish exiles.
Trujillo's regime accepted Japanese migrants and Spanish exiles, in addition to Jewish refugees.
What was the nature of the relationship between Trujillo's regime and Francisco Franco's Spain?
Answer: Friendly, indicating a potential alignment of regimes or mutual benefit.
Trujillo maintained friendly relations with Francisco Franco of Spain, suggesting ideological alignment or mutual benefit.
What was the primary objective behind the 'Devastations of Osorio,' ordered in the early 17th century?
Answer: Prevent trade with pirates and foreign powers by depopulating settlements.
The 'Devastations of Osorio' aimed to prevent trade with pirates and foreign powers by depopulating settlements.
In contrast to Enlightenment ideals, what core tenets does 'Counter-Enlightenment' thought emphasize?
Answer: Tradition, authority, and emotion.
'Counter-Enlightenment' thought emphasized tradition, authority, and emotion, contrasting with Enlightenment ideals.
What historical period is referred to as the 'Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo'?
Answer: The period when Spain regained control of the eastern part of Hispaniola after French rule.
The 'Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo' refers to the period when Spain regained control of the eastern part of Hispaniola after French rule.
Rafael Trujillo met his end on May 30, 1961, when his vehicle was ambushed and he was fatally shot by a cadre of conspirators.
Answer: True
Rafael Trujillo was assassinated on May 30, 1961, when his car was ambushed on a road near the capital by a group of conspirators.
In the immediate aftermath of Trujillo's assassination, his son Ramfis absconded from the country, thereby creating a significant power vacuum.
Answer: False
Following Trujillo's assassination, his son Ramfis did not flee immediately but instead took temporary control and initiated a crackdown on perceived conspirators.
While official CIA statements initially suggested only a peripheral connection to the conspirators, subsequent declassifications and internal documents reveal substantial Agency involvement, including the provision of weaponry utilized in the assassination. The CIA actively supported efforts to depose Trujillo, perceiving his removal as conducive to democratic advancement.
Answer: False
Later reports indicated significant CIA involvement in Trujillo's assassination, including supplying weapons, contrary to initial claims of minimal connection.
Following his assassination, Trujillo's remains underwent a series of transfers. Initially interred in his hometown of San Cristóbal, his son Ramfis subsequently relocated the body to Paris, with the final resting place being the Mingorrubio Cemetery in El Pardo, Spain.
Answer: True
Trujillo's body was moved multiple times after his assassination, eventually being interred in Spain.
Frederick Forsyth's novel, 'The Day of the Jackal,' presents a fictionalized narrative attributing Trujillo's assassination to its protagonist. The plot incorporates elements such as an arms dealer interacting with Trujillo's police chief on the day of the assassination, thereby weaving historical context with fictional intrigue.
Answer: False
The novel 'The Day of the Jackal' is a fictional account and does not accurately depict the historical details of Trujillo's assassination.
Joaquín Balaguer, who served as Trujillo's nominal president in 1960, subsequently facilitated the departure of the Trujillo family following the dictator's assassination. Balaguer later emerged as a dominant political figure, governing the Dominican Republic for substantial periods between 1966 and 1996.
Answer: False
Joaquín Balaguer served as a puppet president in 1960, but he did not rule for most of Trujillo's 1930-1961 reign. He later became president from 1966 to 1996.
The 'Rebellion of the Pilots,' a significant military uprising occurring on November 19, 1961, coupled with the implicit threat of U.S. intervention, proved instrumental in dismantling the Trujillo regime and thwarting the Trujillo family's attempts to retain power subsequent to the dictator's assassination.
Answer: True
The 'Rebellion of the Pilots' in November 1961 was crucial in preventing the Trujillo family from regaining control after the dictator's death.
The period subsequent to Trujillo's assassination was marked by considerable political instability and internecine power struggles, which precipitated the Dominican Civil War. This conflict, exacerbated by U.S.-OAS intervention, ultimately paved the way for the establishment of a multi-party democratic system in 1966.
Answer: True
The Dominican Civil War occurred after Trujillo's assassination, stemming from the political instability that followed his death.
'DOMREP' designated the United States military mission deployed to the Dominican Republic in the aftermath of the Dominican Civil War. Its mandate was to facilitate national stabilization and support the transition towards a more democratic governance structure.
Answer: True
DOMREP was the U.S. military mission aimed at stabilizing the Dominican Republic and supporting its transition to democracy after the Civil War.
By what means was Rafael Trujillo assassinated?
Answer: He was shot dead when his car was ambushed by conspirators.
Rafael Trujillo was assassinated on May 30, 1961, when his vehicle was ambushed and he was fatally shot by a group of conspirators.
What was the immediate response of Trujillo's son, Ramfis, following the dictator's assassination?
Answer: He took temporary control and executed many of the conspirators.
Following Trujillo's assassination, his son Ramfis assumed interim authority and ordered the execution of numerous conspirators.
What is the nature of the CIA's involvement in Trujillo's assassination, according to later reports?
Answer: Later reports indicated significant CIA involvement, including supplying weapons.
Declassified reports suggest substantial CIA involvement in Trujillo's assassination, including the provision of weaponry.
Following Trujillo's assassination, where were his remains ultimately interred?
Answer: In the Mingorrubio Cemetery in El Pardo, Spain.
After several relocations, Trujillo's remains were eventually interred in the Mingorrubio Cemetery in El Pardo, Spain.
What significant political role did Joaquín Balaguer, who served as Trujillo's puppet president in 1960, assume later in his career?
Answer: Rule the Dominican Republic for significant periods between 1966 and 1996.
Joaquín Balaguer, after serving as Trujillo's puppet president, later governed the Dominican Republic for substantial periods between 1966 and 1996.
What was the 'Dominican Civil War' in relation to the period following Trujillo's death?
Answer: A post-assassination conflict resulting from political instability.
The Dominican Civil War occurred in the post-assassination period, arising from political instability following Trujillo's death.
What was the stated purpose of the 'DOMREP' intervention in the Dominican Republic?
Answer: To stabilize the country and support the transition to democracy after the Civil War.
DOMREP was the U.S. military mission aimed at stabilizing the Dominican Republic and supporting its transition to democracy after the Civil War.
What became of Trujillo's body following his assassination?
Answer: It was buried in San Cristóbal, then moved to Paris, and finally interred in Spain.
Following his assassination, Trujillo's remains were moved from San Cristóbal to Paris, and ultimately interred in Spain.
What event is referred to as the 'Hacienda María Massacre'?
Answer: The execution of six conspirators involved in Trujillo's assassination.
The 'Hacienda María Massacre' refers to the execution of six conspirators involved in Trujillo's assassination.
What was the historical significance of the 'Rebellion of the Pilots' in November 1961?
Answer: It helped end the Trujillo regime and prevent the family from maintaining control.
The 'Rebellion of the Pilots' was crucial in dismantling the Trujillo regime and preventing the family from retaining power after the dictator's death.
What event is referred to as the 'Hacienda María Massacre'?
Answer: The execution of six conspirators involved in Trujillo's assassination.
The 'Hacienda María Massacre' refers to the execution of six conspirators involved in Trujillo's assassination.
Proponents of Trujillo's legacy often emphasize his contributions to national stability and economic development, rather than his respect for human rights or democratic principles, which were systematically violated.
Answer: True
Supporters of Trujillo's legacy often highlight perceived stability and economic growth, while critics point to the regime's brutality and human rights abuses.
Which of the following aspects is most frequently cited by proponents of Trujillo's legacy as a positive contribution?
Answer: Bringing stability and economic growth to the country.
Supporters of Trujillo's legacy often credit him with bringing stability and economic growth to the Dominican Republic.