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RACK1 is an acronym for Receptor for activated C kinase 1, and its primary alias is guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 (GNB2L1), reflecting its role in cellular signaling.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that RACK1 is an acronym for Receptor for activated C kinase 1 and its primary alias is guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 (GNB2L1).
The primary alias for RACK1 is H12.3, which emphasizes its structural similarity to G proteins.
Answer: False
While H12.3 is an alias for RACK1, the primary alias is guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 (GNB2L1). The statement incorrectly identifies H12.3 as the primary alias.
The RACK1 protein has a molecular weight of 35 kilodaltons (kDa), a unit commonly used to measure protein size.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that the RACK1 protein has a molecular weight of 35 kilodaltons (kDa).
The RACK1 protein in humans is encoded by a gene simply named RACK1, which contains the instructions for its synthesis.
Answer: True
The source indicates that the RACK1 protein in humans is encoded by the RACK1 gene.
Aliases such as Gnb2-rs1, H12.3, HLC-7, and PIG21 are also used to refer to the RACK1 gene or protein in various scientific contexts.
Answer: True
The source lists Gnb2-rs1, H12.3, HLC-7, and PIG21 as other aliases for RACK1.
What is the full name for RACK1 and its primary alias?
Answer: Receptor for activated C kinase 1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1
RACK1 stands for Receptor for activated C kinase 1, and its primary alias is guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 (GNB2L1).
What is the molecular weight of the RACK1 protein?
Answer: 35 kilodaltons (kDa)
The RACK1 protein has a molecular weight of 35 kilodaltons (kDa).
Which gene is responsible for encoding the RACK1 protein in humans?
Answer: RACK1 gene
In humans, the RACK1 protein is encoded by the RACK1 gene.
Which of the following is NOT listed as an alias or identifier for RACK1 in the source?
Answer: RACK1L
The source lists Gnb2-rs1, H12.3, HLC-7, and PIG21 as aliases for RACK1, but RACK1L is not mentioned.
The human RACK1 gene is situated on chromosome 5 at band 5q35.3, with genomic coordinates spanning from 181,236,897 bp to 181,248,096 bp.
Answer: True
The source specifies the human RACK1 gene location on chromosome 5, band 5q35.3, along with its genomic coordinates.
The RACK1 gene in humans is located on chromosome 11, similar to its mouse ortholog.
Answer: False
The human RACK1 gene is located on chromosome 5, whereas its mouse ortholog is on chromosome 11.
The mouse ortholog of RACK1 is located on chromosome 11, band 11|11 B1.2, demonstrating a shared evolutionary origin with the human RACK1 gene.
Answer: True
The source confirms the mouse RACK1 ortholog's location on chromosome 11, band 11|11 B1.2, and notes its shared evolutionary origin.
RACK1 RNA expression is notably high in human tissues such as the pericardium, vena cava, and cerebellar vermis, indicating its functional importance in these areas.
Answer: True
The source lists pericardium, vena cava, and cerebellar vermis among human tissues with notably high RACK1 RNA expression.
RACK1 RNA expression in humans is primarily restricted to the brain and reproductive organs, with low levels in other tissues.
Answer: False
RACK1 RNA expression in humans is high in a wide range of tissues, including the pericardium, tongue, pharynx, vena cava, nipple, saphenous vein, trachea, lower lung lobe, and cerebellar vermis, not primarily restricted to brain and reproductive organs.
The mouse RACK1 ortholog exhibits high expression in developmental tissues like the epiblast and morula, as well as adult tissues such as bone marrow and spleen.
Answer: True
The source confirms high expression of mouse RACK1 ortholog in developmental tissues like epiblast and morula, and adult tissues such as bone marrow and spleen.
On which human chromosome and band is the RACK1 gene located?
Answer: Chromosome 5, band 5q35.3
The human RACK1 gene is located on chromosome 5, specifically at band 5q35.3.
What is the chromosomal location of the RACK1 gene in mice?
Answer: Chromosome 11, band 11|11 B1.2
In mice, the RACK1 gene is found on chromosome 11, at band 11|11 B1.2.
Which of the following human tissues is NOT listed as having notably high RACK1 RNA expression?
Answer: Liver
The source lists pericardium, trachea, and cerebellar vermis as having high RACK1 RNA expression in humans, but Liver is not mentioned.
Which of the following mouse tissues is mentioned as having high expression of the RACK1 ortholog?
Answer: Ovary
The source lists ovary among the mouse tissues with high expression of the RACK1 ortholog.
RACK1 was initially identified as an intracellular protein receptor for protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme family crucial for protein phosphorylation.
Answer: True
The source states that RACK1 was originally isolated and identified as an intracellular protein receptor for protein kinase C (PKC).
RACK1 exhibits significant homology to the beta subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, which are important for transmitting extracellular signals into the cell.
Answer: True
The source indicates that RACK1 shows significant homology to the beta subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.
Subsequent research revealed that RACK1 and its yeast homolog Asc1 are core ribosomal proteins of the eukaryotic small (40S) ribosomal subunit, essential for protein synthesis.
Answer: True
Later studies established that RACK1 and its yeast homolog Asc1 function as core ribosomal proteins of the eukaryotic small (40S) ribosomal subunit.
Asc1/RACK1 is located on the 'head' of the 40S ribosomal subunit, a position considered vital for its roles in eukaryotic translation and ribosome quality control.
Answer: True
The source specifies that Asc1/RACK1 is primarily positioned on the 'head' of the 40S ribosomal subunit, a location crucial for its functions.
RACK1 is stably integrated into the 40S ribosomal subunit via interactions with the 18S rRNA and ribosomal proteins uS3, uS9, and eS17.
Answer: True
The source details RACK1's stable integration into the 40S ribosomal subunit through interactions with 18S rRNA and specific ribosomal proteins (uS3, uS9, eS17).
What was RACK1 originally identified as?
Answer: An intracellular protein receptor for protein kinase C (PKC)
RACK1 was originally isolated and identified as an intracellular protein receptor for protein kinase C (PKC).
RACK1 shows significant homology to which protein subunit?
Answer: The beta subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins
RACK1 shows significant homology to the beta subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.
What role was later established for RACK1 and its yeast homolog Asc1?
Answer: They function as core ribosomal proteins of the eukaryotic small (40S) ribosomal subunit.
Later studies established that RACK1, along with its yeast homolog Asc1, functions as a core ribosomal protein of the eukaryotic small (40S) ribosomal subunit.
Where is Asc1/RACK1 primarily positioned on the 40S ribosomal subunit?
Answer: On the 'head'
Asc1/RACK1 is primarily positioned on the 'head' of the 40S ribosomal subunit.
Which ribosomal proteins are specifically mentioned as interacting with RACK1 on the 40S ribosomal subunit?
Answer: uS3, uS9, and eS17
RACK1 interacts with ribosomal proteins uS3, uS9, and eS17 on the 40S ribosomal subunit.
Which set of ribosomal proteins does RACK1 interact with on the 40S ribosomal subunit?
Answer: uS3, uS9, and eS17
RACK1 interacts with ribosomal proteins uS3, uS9, and eS17 on the 40S ribosomal subunit.
Asc1/RACK1 is involved in crucial eukaryotic translation and ribosome quality control processes such as IRES-mediated translation, non-stop decay, and non-functional 18S ribosomal RNA decay.
Answer: True
The source lists IRES-mediated translation, non-stop decay, and non-functional 18S ribosomal RNA decay as key processes Asc1/RACK1 participates in.
Asc1/RACK1 primarily participates in DNA replication and repair mechanisms, rather than ribosomal quality control.
Answer: False
Asc1/RACK1 is involved in eukaryotic translation and ribosome quality control processes, not primarily DNA replication and repair.
RACK1's participation in IRES-mediated translation signifies its role in regulating alternative protein synthesis initiation pathways, which can bypass the conventional 5' cap-dependent method.
Answer: True
The source explains RACK1's role in IRES-mediated translation as regulating alternative protein synthesis initiation pathways.
RACK1 is involved in non-stop decay, a ribosome quality control pathway that targets mRNAs without a stop codon to prevent aberrant protein synthesis.
Answer: True
The source describes non-stop decay as a ribosome quality control pathway targeting mRNAs without a stop codon, with RACK1 participating in it.
RACK1 contributes to the decay of non-functional 18S ribosomal RNA, a process vital for maintaining the integrity and proper function of the ribosomal machinery.
Answer: True
The source states that RACK1 contributes to non-functional 18S ribosomal RNA decay, which eliminates defective 18S rRNA molecules.
RACK1's involvement in translational frameshifting suggests it has a regulatory function in controlling the fidelity and diversity of protein synthesis by allowing ribosomes to shift reading frames.
Answer: True
The source indicates RACK1's role in translational frameshifting, where the ribosome shifts its reading frame to produce different proteins from a single mRNA.
Which of the following processes is NOT listed as one that Asc1/RACK1 participates in for eukaryotic translation and ribosome quality control?
Answer: mRNA capping
The source lists IRES-mediated translation, non-stop decay, non-functional 18S ribosomal RNA decay, and frameshifting as processes Asc1/RACK1 participates in, but mRNA capping is not mentioned.
How does RACK1 participate in IRES-mediated translation?
Answer: By regulating alternative translation initiation pathways
RACK1 participates in IRES-mediated translation by regulating alternative translation initiation pathways.
What is the primary function of non-stop decay, a process RACK1 participates in?
Answer: To target mRNA molecules lacking a stop codon.
Non-stop decay is a ribosome quality control pathway that targets mRNA molecules lacking a stop codon.
What is the purpose of non-functional 18S ribosomal RNA decay, a process RACK1 contributes to?
Answer: To eliminate defective 18S rRNA molecules.
Non-functional 18S ribosomal RNA decay is a process that eliminates defective 18S rRNA molecules.
What is the outcome of translational frameshifting, a process RACK1 is involved in?
Answer: Production of different proteins from a single mRNA.
Translational frameshifting is a process where the ribosome shifts its reading frame, leading to the production of different proteins from a single mRNA.
RACK1's molecular functions, as per Gene Ontology, include signaling adaptor activity, protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity, and ribosome binding, underscoring its versatility.
Answer: True
The Gene Ontology data provided lists signaling adaptor activity, protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity, and ribosome binding among RACK1's molecular functions.
Gene Ontology attributes RACK1 with DNA helicase activity and direct DNA binding, indicating its primary role in genetic replication.
Answer: False
The provided Gene Ontology molecular functions for RACK1 do not include DNA helicase activity or direct DNA binding, nor is its primary role indicated as genetic replication.
RACK1 plays a role in both the positive regulation of gastrulation and the negative regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, highlighting its involvement in developmental processes.
Answer: True
The source indicates RACK1's involvement in positive regulation of gastrulation and negative regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
RACK1 is primarily involved in the positive regulation of cell growth and the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
Answer: False
RACK1 is involved in the *negative* regulation of cell growth and the *negative* regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
As a scaffolding protein, RACK1 functions as a central organizer, assembling various signaling molecules to regulate cellular pathways with precision.
Answer: True
The source defines a 'scaffolding protein' as a central organizer that brings together multiple signaling molecules to regulate cellular pathways.
RACK1 acts as a negative regulator of Src tyrosine kinases, inhibiting their activity and the growth of NIH 3T3 cells.
Answer: True
The source states that RACK1 inhibits the activity of Src tyrosine kinases and the growth of NIH 3T3 cells.
RACK1 negatively regulates cell growth and is involved in the regulation of cell division, suggesting its role in controlling the cell cycle.
Answer: True
The source indicates RACK1's involvement in the negative regulation of cell growth and the regulation of cell division.
RACK1 exhibits a dual role in protein phosphorylation, positively regulating general protein phosphorylation while negatively regulating peptidyl-serine phosphorylation.
Answer: True
The source describes RACK1's dual role in protein phosphorylation, including positive regulation of general protein phosphorylation and negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a molecular function of RACK1 according to Gene Ontology?
Answer: DNA polymerase activity
The Gene Ontology molecular functions for RACK1 include protein homodimerization activity, signaling adaptor activity, and ribosome binding, but not DNA polymerase activity.
According to Gene Ontology, which of the following biological processes is RACK1 involved in?
Answer: Negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
The Gene Ontology data lists negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway among the biological processes RACK1 is involved in.
What is the primary implication of RACK1 being described as a 'scaffolding protein'?
Answer: It acts as a central organizer, bringing together signaling molecules.
A 'scaffolding protein' acts as a central organizer, assembling various signaling molecules to facilitate their interactions and regulate cellular pathways.
RACK1 is associated with a broad range of cellular components, including the cytoplasm, mitochondrion, nucleus, and the small ribosomal subunit, reflecting its diverse roles.
Answer: True
The Gene Ontology data lists cytoplasm, mitochondrion, nucleus, and small ribosomal subunit among the many cellular components RACK1 is associated with.
RACK1 interacts with a diverse set of proteins, including the Androgen receptor, STAT1, and Src, consistent with its role as a scaffolding protein.
Answer: True
The source lists the Androgen receptor, STAT1, and Src among the many proteins RACK1 interacts with, supporting its role as a scaffolding protein.
RACK1 acts as an inhibitory scaffolding protein that regulates NMDA receptor function, thereby modulating neuronal signaling critical for synaptic plasticity.
Answer: True
The source states that RACK1 is an inhibitory scaffolding protein that regulates NMDA receptor function.
RACK1 interacts with the PH domain of p120GAP, a RAS p21 protein activator, indicating its role in regulating Ras signaling pathways.
Answer: True
The source indicates RACK1 interacts with the PH domain of p120GAP, linking it to Ras signaling pathways.
According to Gene Ontology, RACK1 is associated with which of the following cellular components?
Answer: Phagocytic cup
The Gene Ontology data lists phagocytic cup among the cellular components RACK1 is associated with.
Which of the following proteins is NOT listed as an interaction partner for RACK1?
Answer: p53
The source lists Androgen receptor, STAT1, and Src as interaction partners for RACK1, but p53 is not mentioned.
How does RACK1's interaction with the Androgen receptor contribute to signaling?
Answer: It promotes cross-talk through a protein kinase C signaling pathway.
RACK1 interacts with the Androgen receptor and promotes cross-talk through a protein kinase C signaling pathway.
What is RACK1's role in regulating NMDA receptor function?
Answer: It functions as an inhibitory scaffolding protein.
RACK1 functions as an inhibitory scaffolding protein that regulates NMDA receptor function.
Through which receptor is RACK1 required for the recruitment and activation of STAT1?
Answer: Type I interferon receptor
RACK1 is required for the recruitment and activation of STAT1 through the type I interferon receptor.
With which specific isoform of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase does RACK1 selectively interact?
Answer: PDE4D5
RACK1 selectively interacts with the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D5 isoform.
RACK1 is involved in the PRKCE-dependent regulation of which protein?
Answer: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)
RACK1 is involved in protein kinase C epsilon (PRKCE)-dependent regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR).
What is the outcome of PTPmu protein-tyrosine phosphatase binding to RACK1?
Answer: RACK1 is recruited to cell-cell contacts.
The PTPmu protein-tyrosine phosphatase binds to RACK1 and recruits it to cell-cell contacts.
The Entrez ID for mouse RACK1 is 14694, used to access information about its ortholog in the Entrez database.
Answer: True
The source provides 14694 as the Entrez ID for mouse RACK1.
What is the Entrez ID for human RACK1?
Answer: 10399
The Entrez ID for human RACK1 is 10399.
What is the Ensembl ID for human RACK1?
Answer: ENSG00000204628
The Ensembl ID for human RACK1 is ENSG00000204628.
What is the UniProt accession number for human RACK1?
Answer: P63244
The UniProt accession number for human RACK1 is P63244.
What is the RefSeq mRNA ID for human RACK1?
Answer: NM_006098
The RefSeq mRNA ID for human RACK1 is NM_006098.
What is the RefSeq protein ID for human RACK1?
Answer: NP_006089
The RefSeq protein ID for human RACK1 is NP_006089.
What is the Entrez ID for mouse RACK1?
Answer: 14694
The Entrez ID for mouse RACK1 is 14694.
What is the Ensembl ID for mouse RACK1?
Answer: ENSMUSG00000020372
The Ensembl ID for mouse RACK1 is ENSMUSG00000020372.
What is the UniProt accession number for mouse RACK1?
Answer: P68040
The UniProt accession number for mouse RACK1 is P68040.
What is the RefSeq mRNA ID for mouse RACK1?
Answer: NM_008143
The RefSeq mRNA ID for mouse RACK1 is NM_008143.
What is the RefSeq protein ID for mouse RACK1?
Answer: NP_032169
The RefSeq protein ID for mouse RACK1 is NP_032169.