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ResearchGate was initially launched in Berlin, Germany, before relocating its headquarters to Boston, Massachusetts.
Answer: False
ResearchGate was launched in May 2008, initially starting in Boston, Massachusetts, before relocating its headquarters to Berlin, Germany.
One of ResearchGate's core functions is to enable scientists to share academic papers and find collaborators for their research.
Answer: True
ResearchGate's primary function is to facilitate the sharing of academic papers and help researchers find collaborators for their work.
Ijad Madisch, a computer scientist, co-founded ResearchGate and currently serves as its CEO.
Answer: False
Ijad Madisch, a virologist, co-founded ResearchGate and serves as its CEO. Horst Fickenscher is the computer scientist co-founder.
ResearchGate members are restricted to uploading only peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers to their profiles.
Answer: False
ResearchGate members can upload a variety of research output, including papers, data, book chapters, negative results, patents, research proposals, methods, presentations, and software source code.
To become a member of ResearchGate, an individual must have an email address from a recognized academic institution.
Answer: True
Individuals wishing to become site members must have an email address from a recognized institution or be manually confirmed as a published researcher.
The New York Times described ResearchGate's platform as a unique, entirely novel social media concept with no parallels to existing sites.
Answer: False
The New York Times described ResearchGate's platform as a 'mashup' of popular social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, indicating parallels to existing sites.
ResearchGate requires all uploaded materials to undergo a rigorous peer review process, similar to traditional academic journals.
Answer: False
ResearchGate does not require peer review for uploaded materials, which differs significantly from traditional academic journals.
ResearchGate's content approach, which does not require peer review for uploaded materials, is a key difference from traditional academic journals.
Answer: True
ResearchGate does not require peer review for uploaded materials, a significant departure from the practices of traditional academic journals.
What is the primary function of ResearchGate?
Answer: To facilitate the sharing of academic papers and help researchers find collaborators.
ResearchGate's primary function is to facilitate the sharing of academic papers, enable users to ask and answer questions, and help researchers find collaborators for their work.
In what year was ResearchGate launched?
Answer: 2008
ResearchGate was launched in May 2008.
Who among the following is NOT listed as a founder of ResearchGate?
Answer: Matt Cohler
ResearchGate was founded by Ijad Madisch, Sören Hofmayer, and Horst Fickenscher. Matt Cohler was a partner at Benchmark who joined the board after the first funding round.
Which of the following types of content can ResearchGate members upload to their profiles?
Answer: Papers, data, book chapters, and software source code.
Members can upload a variety of research output, including papers, data, book chapters, negative results, patents, research proposals, methods, presentations, and software source code.
What is a requirement for individuals to become site members of ResearchGate?
Answer: An email address from a recognized institution or manual confirmation as a published researcher.
Individuals who wish to become site members must have an email address from a recognized institution or be manually confirmed as a published researcher.
How did The New York Times describe ResearchGate's platform?
Answer: As a 'mashup' of popular social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.
The New York Times described ResearchGate's platform as a 'mashup' of popular social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.
How does ResearchGate's approach to content differ from traditional peer-reviewed journals?
Answer: It does not charge fees for uploads nor require peer review for uploaded materials.
ResearchGate does not charge fees for users to upload content to its site, nor does it require peer review for uploaded materials, unlike traditional academic journals.
ResearchGate's headquarters are located in which city?
Answer: Berlin, Germany
ResearchGate's headquarters are located in Berlin, Germany.
What was the profession of ResearchGate co-founder Sören Hofmayer?
Answer: Physician
ResearchGate was co-founded by physician Sören Hofmayer.
ResearchGate's user base grew from 25,000 in 2009 to over 1 million by 2011.
Answer: True
ResearchGate's user base expanded from 25,000 users in 2009 to more than 1 million users by 2011.
Bill Gates was among the investors in ResearchGate's Series A financing round in 2010.
Answer: False
Bill Gates contributed to ResearchGate's Series C financing round in June 2013, not the Series A round in 2010.
ResearchGate's business strategy, as described by its CEO, primarily focused on charging researchers subscription fees for premium features.
Answer: False
ResearchGate's business strategy, as articulated by CEO Ijad Madisch, focused on highly targeted advertising based on the analysis of user activities, not subscription fees.
ResearchGate's employee count increased tenfold from 2011 to 2014.
Answer: True
ResearchGate's employee count grew from 12 in 2011 to 120 in 2014, which is a tenfold increase.
ResearchGate reported increasing profits in 2014 and 2015, indicating a strong financial position.
Answer: False
ResearchGate reported increasing financial losses, from €5.4 million in 2014 to €6.2 million in 2015.
As of September 2023, ResearchGate reported having 15 million users.
Answer: False
As of September 2023, ResearchGate reported having 25 million users.
ResearchGate's initial funding round in 2010 was led by Peter Thiel's Founders Fund.
Answer: False
ResearchGate's first funding round in 2010 was led by Benchmark; Peter Thiel's Founders Fund led the second round in February 2012.
ResearchGate's CEO, Ijad Madisch, estimated that approximately $100 billion is spent on science annually.
Answer: False
ResearchGate's CEO, Ijad Madisch, estimated that $1 trillion is spent on science annually, not $100 billion.
ResearchGate's employee growth included a sales staff of 100 by 2016.
Answer: True
By 2016, ResearchGate had approximately 300 employees, which included a sales staff of 100.
ResearchGate's financial losses increased from €5.4 million in 2015 to €6.2 million in 2014.
Answer: False
ResearchGate's financial losses increased from €5.4 million in 2014 to €6.2 million in 2015, not the other way around.
What was ResearchGate's user growth from 2009 to 2011?
Answer: From 25,000 to over 1 million users.
ResearchGate's user base grew from 25,000 in 2009 to more than 1 million users by 2011.
Which notable investor contributed $35 million in Series C financing to ResearchGate in June 2013?
Answer: Bill Gates
Bill Gates was among the investors who contributed $35 million in Series C financing to ResearchGate in June 2013.
According to CEO Ijad Madisch, what was ResearchGate's primary business strategy?
Answer: Highly targeted advertising based on user activities.
CEO Ijad Madisch articulated ResearchGate's business strategy as focusing on highly targeted advertising based on the analysis of user activities.
What was ResearchGate's approximate employee count by 2016?
Answer: 300
ResearchGate's employee count grew to approximately 300 employees by 2016.
What was ResearchGate's financial situation in 2015?
Answer: A loss of €6.2 million.
ResearchGate reported a financial loss of €6.2 million in 2015.
As of September 2023, what was the reported user count for ResearchGate?
Answer: 25 million
As of September 2023, ResearchGate reported having 25 million users.
What was the employee count of ResearchGate in 2011?
Answer: 12
ResearchGate had 12 employees in 2011.
What was the financial loss reported by ResearchGate in 2014?
Answer: €5.4 million
ResearchGate reported a financial loss of €5.4 million in 2014.
ResearchGate's features for user interaction include a blogging feature for short reviews of peer-reviewed articles and private chat rooms for discussing confidential topics.
Answer: True
ResearchGate offers a blogging feature for short reviews of peer-reviewed articles and private chat rooms for sharing data, editing shared documents, or discussing confidential topics.
ResearchGate includes a job board specifically designed to connect researchers with employment opportunities in their fields.
Answer: True
ResearchGate features a research-focused job board that serves as a platform for connecting scientists and researchers with employment opportunities relevant to their fields.
ResearchGate's Q&A system is designed to field questions to users with relevant expertise.
Answer: True
ResearchGate offers a system that fields questions to users with relevant expertise as part of its interaction and collaboration features.
Which of these is a feature offered by ResearchGate for user interaction and collaboration?
Answer: A system that fields questions to users with relevant expertise.
ResearchGate offers a system that fields questions to users with relevant expertise as a feature for user interaction and collaboration.
What is the purpose of ResearchGate's 'job board' feature?
Answer: To connect scientists and researchers with employment opportunities.
ResearchGate's research-focused job board serves as a platform for connecting scientists and researchers with employment opportunities relevant to their fields.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of ResearchGate's user interaction and collaboration tools?
Answer: A system for anonymous peer review of submitted articles.
ResearchGate offers features like following research interests, a blogging feature, and private chat rooms, but not a system for anonymous peer review of submitted articles.
The 'RG Score' was a highly praised author-level metric known for its transparent calculation methodology and reliability.
Answer: False
The 'RG Score' was criticized for having questionable reliability and an unknown, intransparent calculation methodology.
ResearchGate was criticized for sending unsolicited email invitations that appeared to be personally sent by users, a practice it discontinued in November 2016.
Answer: True
ResearchGate faced criticism for sending unsolicited email invitations that were automatically generated and appeared personal, a practice it stated was discontinued as of November 2016.
ResearchGate readily removed automatically generated profiles for non-users upon request, addressing concerns about misrepresentation.
Answer: False
ResearchGate was criticized for often refusing to remove automatically generated profiles for non-users upon request, leading to concerns about misrepresentation.
The RG Score showed a strong positive correlation with network centrality, meaning the most active users typically had high scores.
Answer: False
The RG Score was found to be negatively correlated with network centrality, meaning that the most active users on ResearchGate typically did not have high RG scores.
ResearchGate received widespread praise for its swift action in removing Benjamin Levin, a convicted sex offender, from its platform.
Answer: False
ResearchGate faced criticism for its decision not to remove Benjamin Levin, a convicted sex offender, from its platform, leading to protests and account deletions by other researchers.
A 2014 study found that a dormant ResearchGate account automatically generated hundreds of invitations and was attributed to a large number of publications without active user input.
Answer: True
A 2014 study found that a dormant ResearchGate account, using default settings, automatically generated 297 invitations and was attributed to more than 430 publications over a 16-month period.
ResearchGate directly hosts all PDF versions of articles found by its crawler on its own servers.
Answer: False
ResearchGate displayed scraped PDFs embedded in a frame, with an 'External Download' button indicating the file was not actually hosted directly on ResearchGate's servers.
ResearchGate was praised for its robust safeguards against unethical academic practices like predatory journals and fake impact ratings.
Answer: False
ResearchGate was criticized for failing to provide adequate safeguards against unethical academic practices such as fake publishers, 'ghost journals,' predatory publication fees, and fake impact ratings.
The RG Score was removed by ResearchGate after July 2022 due to its widespread acceptance and reliability.
Answer: False
The RG Score was removed by ResearchGate after July 2022 due to criticisms regarding its questionable reliability and unknown calculation methodology.
The RG Score was noted to incorporate the journal impact factor into the user score.
Answer: True
The 'RG Score' was noted to incorporate the journal impact factor into the user score, which was a point of criticism.
The RG Score showed a strong positive correlation with Elsevier SciVal rankings of individual authors.
Answer: False
The RG Score showed only a weak correlation with Elsevier SciVal rankings of individual authors, though a strong positive correlation with Quacquarelli Symonds university rankings at the institutional level.
Why was the 'RG Score' criticized?
Answer: It had questionable reliability and an unknown calculation methodology.
The 'RG Score' was criticized for having questionable reliability and an unknown, intransparent calculation methodology.
ResearchGate faced criticism for which of the following practices, discontinued in November 2016?
Answer: Sending unsolicited email invitations that appeared personal.
ResearchGate was criticized for sending unsolicited email invitations that appeared to be personally sent by users, a practice it discontinued in November 2016.
How did ResearchGate handle automatically generated profiles for non-users?
Answer: It scraped details from the web and often refused removal requests.
ResearchGate automatically generated profiles for non-users by scraping details from the web and was criticized for often refusing removal requests for these pages.
How did the RG Score correlate with network centrality?
Answer: Negative correlation.
The RG Score was found to be negatively correlated with network centrality, meaning that the most active users on ResearchGate typically did not have high RG scores.
ResearchGate faced criticism for its decision regarding which individual?
Answer: A convicted sex offender who published papers on the site.
ResearchGate faced criticism for its decision not to remove Benjamin Levin, a convicted sex offender, from its platform.
A 2014 study by the Association for Information Systems highlighted issues with ResearchGate's automated activity, including a dormant account generating how many invitations over 16 months?
Answer: 297
A 2014 study found that a dormant ResearchGate account automatically generated 297 invitations to 38 people over a 16-month period.
How did ResearchGate display PDFs that were scraped from other websites?
Answer: It displayed them embedded in a frame, with an 'External Download' button.
ResearchGate displayed scraped PDFs embedded in a frame, appearing as if uploaded by the author, with an 'External Download' button indicating they were not hosted on ResearchGate's servers.
ResearchGate was criticized for failing to provide adequate safeguards against which of the following unethical academic practices?
Answer: Fake publishers and predatory publication fees.
ResearchGate was criticized for failing to provide adequate safeguards against unethical academic practices such as fake publishers, 'ghost journals,' publishers with 'predatory' publication fees, and fake impact ratings.
The RG Score was removed by ResearchGate after which month and year?
Answer: July 2022
ResearchGate announced the removal of its 'RG Score' after July 2022.
What was the correlation between the RG Score and Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) university rankings at the institutional level?
Answer: A strong positive correlation.
The RG Score showed a strong positive correlation with Quacquarelli Symonds university rankings at the institutional level.
What was the main reason for the criticism regarding ResearchGate's display of scraped PDFs?
Answer: They appeared to be uploaded by the author, but were not hosted directly on ResearchGate.
ResearchGate displayed scraped PDFs embedded in a frame, appearing as if they had been uploaded by the author, but were not hosted directly on ResearchGate's servers, leading to criticism.
Which of the following was NOT a criticism raised about ResearchGate's safeguards against unethical academic practices?
Answer: Failure to detect plagiarism in uploaded content.
Criticisms included leniency towards fake publishers, predatory publication fees, and fake impact ratings, but not specifically failure to detect plagiarism.
A study found that less than 10% of papers uploaded to ResearchGate infringed copyright, indicating strong adherence to publisher policies.
Answer: False
A study found that over half of the papers uploaded to ResearchGate appeared to infringe copyright because authors uploaded the publisher's version.
The lawsuit between ResearchGate, Elsevier, and the American Chemical Society was settled in September 2023.
Answer: True
ResearchGate, Elsevier, and the American Chemical Society settled their lawsuit on September 15, 2023.
In January 2023, ResearchGate partnered with Springer Nature to distribute open access content.
Answer: False
In January 2023, ResearchGate partnered with Sage Publishing, not Springer Nature, to distribute open access content.
In September 2017, the STM demanded that ResearchGate implement pre-release checks for copyright violations on uploaded articles.
Answer: True
In September 2017, the STM demanded that ResearchGate alter its handling of uploaded articles to include pre-release checks for copyright violations.
The Coalition for Responsible Sharing (CfRS) supported legal action against ResearchGate, with major publishers like Elsevier and Wiley signing their statement.
Answer: True
The Coalition for Responsible Sharing (CfRS) issued a statement supporting legal action against ResearchGate, signed by major publishers including Elsevier and Wiley.
ResearchGate's agreement with Springer Nature, Cambridge University Press, and Thieme allowed these publishers to premoderate article uploads.
Answer: False
Under the agreement, publishers would be notified when their articles were uploaded to ResearchGate, but they would not have the ability to premoderate the uploads.
The settlement between ResearchGate, Elsevier, and the American Chemical Society aimed to exclusively benefit publishers by restricting content sharing.
Answer: False
The settlement aimed to provide a solution to support researchers while addressing the copyright concerns raised by the publishers, not exclusively to benefit publishers.
The International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers (STM) demanded that ResearchGate cease extracting and modifying content from hosted articles.
Answer: True
The STM demanded that ResearchGate cease extracting and modifying content from hosted articles and metadata, among other requests, in September 2017.
ResearchGate's agreement with Springer Nature, Cambridge University Press, and Thieme meant publishers would not be notified when their articles were uploaded.
Answer: False
Under the agreement, publishers would be notified when their articles were uploaded to ResearchGate, but they would not have the ability to premoderate.
What was a significant issue regarding copyright infringement on ResearchGate?
Answer: Over half of uploaded papers appeared to infringe copyright due to authors uploading publisher's versions.
A study found that over half of the papers uploaded to ResearchGate appeared to infringe copyright because authors uploaded the publisher's version.
When was the lawsuit between ResearchGate, Elsevier, and the American Chemical Society settled?
Answer: September 2023
The lawsuit between ResearchGate, Elsevier, and the American Chemical Society was settled on September 15, 2023.
With which publisher did ResearchGate partner in January 2023 to distribute open access content?
Answer: Sage Publishing
In January 2023, ResearchGate partnered with Sage Publishing to distribute open access content.
In September 2017, what was one of the key demands made by the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers (STM) to ResearchGate?
Answer: To implement pre-release checks for copyright violations on uploaded articles.
The STM demanded that ResearchGate implement pre-release checks for copyright violations on uploaded articles, among other requests.
Which of the following publishers signed the statement by the Coalition for Responsible Sharing (CfRS) supporting legal action against ResearchGate?
Answer: Elsevier
Elsevier was among several major publishers who signed the statement by the Coalition for Responsible Sharing (CfRS) supporting legal action against ResearchGate.
What was a key aspect of the agreement ResearchGate reached with Springer Nature, Cambridge University Press, and Thieme regarding article uploads?
Answer: Publishers would be notified of uploads but could not premoderate.
Under the agreement, publishers would be notified when their articles were uploaded to ResearchGate, but they would not have the ability to premoderate the uploads.
Which of the following was NOT a demand made by the STM to ResearchGate in September 2017?
Answer: Require all users to pay a fee for uploading articles.
The STM's demands included pre-release checks for copyright, ceasing content extraction/modification, and stopping the creation of internal databases from published content, but not requiring users to pay upload fees.
A 2014 study indicated that ResearchGate was the largest academic social network in terms of active users, despite other services potentially having more registered users.
Answer: True
A 2014 study by Nature and a 2016 article in Times Higher Education indicated that ResearchGate was the largest academic social network in terms of active users, though other services might have more registered users.
A 2009 BusinessWeek article highlighted ResearchGate's potential to promote innovation by connecting scientists in developing countries with their peers in industrialized nations.
Answer: True
A 2009 BusinessWeek article described ResearchGate as a 'potentially powerful link' for promoting innovation in developing countries by connecting scientists globally.
Academic reception of ResearchGate has been overwhelmingly negative, with most academics refusing to use it.
Answer: False
Academic reception of ResearchGate has been generally positive, with an accepting audience, though often used as an 'online CV'.
As of 2014, China had a particularly high number of ResearchGate users compared to its number of publishing researchers.
Answer: False
As of 2014, China had relatively few ResearchGate users when compared to its number of publishing researchers, while Brazil had a particularly high number.
While ResearchGate attracts users from diverse fields, the majority are involved in medicine or biology.
Answer: True
Most of ResearchGate's users are involved in medicine or biology, although it attracts participants from a diverse range of other fields.
The widespread use of ResearchGate contributed to 'big deal' cancellations by library systems due to reduced perceived value of 'toll access' subscriptions.
Answer: True
The widespread usage of ResearchGate was identified as a factor that reduced the apparent value of subscriptions to 'toll access' resources, leading to 'big deal' cancellations by several library systems worldwide.
The 2015–2016 survey indicated that Google Scholar had significantly fewer academic profiles than ResearchGate.
Answer: False
A 2015–2016 survey indicated that Google Scholar had almost as many academic profiles as ResearchGate.
ResearchGate's popularity in developing countries was attributed to its complex interface and limited cross-country collaboration features.
Answer: False
ResearchGate's popularity in developing countries was attributed to its ease of use and its involvement in notable cross-country collaborations, not a complex interface or limited features.
ResearchGate's user base includes participants from fields such as engineering, law, and psychology, in addition to medicine and biology.
Answer: True
While most users are in medicine or biology, ResearchGate also attracts participants from engineering, law, computer science, agricultural sciences, and psychology.
According to a 2014 study by Nature, how did ResearchGate compare to other academic social networks?
Answer: It was the largest in terms of active users.
A 2014 study by Nature indicated that ResearchGate was the largest academic social network in terms of active users.
A 2009 BusinessWeek article described ResearchGate as a 'potentially powerful link' for promoting innovation in which context?
Answer: In developing countries by connecting scientists globally.
A 2009 BusinessWeek article highlighted ResearchGate's potential to promote innovation in developing countries by connecting scientists from these nations with their peers in industrialized nations.
What was the general academic reception of ResearchGate?
Answer: Generally positive, with an accepting audience, though often used as an 'online CV'.
Academic reception of ResearchGate has been generally positive, with an accepting audience, though some studies noted it is often used as an 'online CV'.
As of 2014, which country had a particularly high number of ResearchGate users?
Answer: Brazil
As of 2014, Brazil had a particularly high number of ResearchGate users, while China had relatively few.
What is the primary professional field of most ResearchGate users?
Answer: Medicine or biology
Most of ResearchGate's users are involved in medicine or biology, though it attracts participants from diverse fields.
The widespread usage of ResearchGate was identified as a factor contributing to what phenomenon?
Answer: 'Big deal' cancellations by library systems worldwide.
The widespread usage of ResearchGate was identified as a factor that reduced the apparent value of subscriptions to 'toll access' resources, leading to 'big deal' cancellations by several library systems worldwide.
What did a 2015–2016 survey indicate about Google Scholar compared to ResearchGate in terms of academic profiles?
Answer: Google Scholar had almost as many profiles.
A 2015–2016 survey indicated that Google Scholar had almost as many academic profiles as ResearchGate.
What was the primary reason for ResearchGate's popularity in developing countries, according to a 2009 BusinessWeek article?
Answer: Its ease of use and involvement in cross-country collaborations.
ResearchGate's popularity in developing countries was attributed to its ease of use and its involvement in notable cross-country collaborations.
Which of the following fields is NOT explicitly mentioned as attracting participants to ResearchGate, besides medicine or biology?
Answer: History
ResearchGate attracts participants from engineering, law, computer science, agricultural sciences, and psychology, in addition to medicine or biology, but history is not explicitly mentioned.