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Restorationism, also known as Christian primitivism, posits that the original form of Christianity was lost or corrupted after the death of Jesus' followers.
Answer: True
The foundational tenet of Restorationism, or Christian primitivism, is the belief that the original Christian faith, as practiced by Jesus and his apostles, was subsequently lost or corrupted. This perspective drives the movement's aim to recover and re-establish this primitive form.
Restorationist movements primarily seek to create new denominations that are distinct from historical Christian traditions.
Answer: False
Restorationist movements generally aim to recover and re-establish the perceived original form of Christianity, rather than creating entirely new denominations distinct from historical traditions. Their focus is on returning to what they understand as the authentic, primitive church structure and practice.
The narrow historical definition of Restorationism includes movements like the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodoxy.
Answer: False
The narrow historical definition of Restorationism typically refers to specific movements that emerged from the 18th century onwards, seeking to restore primitive Christianity. Major historical traditions like Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy are generally not included within this specific definition.
Restorationism is considered one of the major taxonomic groupings of Christianity.
Answer: True
Restorationism is recognized as one of the six principal taxonomic groupings of Christianity, alongside traditions such as Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Church of the East, and Protestantism, highlighting its distinct theological and historical position.
The concept of a 'Great Apostasy' is central to the belief system of most Restorationist groups.
Answer: True
A central tenet for most Restorationist groups is the belief in a 'Great Apostasy,' wherein the original Christian church established by the apostles was lost or significantly corrupted over time, necessitating a divine restoration.
In the sense of 'Christian primitivism,' Restorationism involves reconstructing Christianity based on medieval models.
Answer: False
Christian primitivism, as a facet of Restorationism, focuses on reconstructing Christianity based on the model of the *primitive* church of the first century, not medieval models.
The concept of the 'Great Apostasy' is used by Restorationists to justify the need for a complete restoration of the church.
Answer: True
Restorationists utilize the concept of the 'Great Apostasy' as a historical justification for their belief that a complete restoration of the original church is necessary.
Restitutionism is a belief in the eternal damnation of all souls, which Restorationists seek to correct.
Answer: False
Restitutionism, as defined in this context, refers to a belief in the eventual restoration of all souls to God's favor (Universalism), not eternal damnation. Restorationists may seek to correct doctrines perceived as unjust, but this question mischaracterizes restitutionism.
When capitalized, 'Restoration Movement' typically refers to the broader global phenomenon of seeking original Christian practices.
Answer: False
When capitalized, 'Restoration Movement' commonly refers specifically to the American movement associated with Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell, rather than the broader global phenomenon.
What is the fundamental belief of Restorationism regarding the original Christian faith?
Answer: It was lost or corrupted after the apostles' deaths and needs to be recovered.
The fundamental belief of Restorationism is that the original Christian faith was lost or corrupted following the death of the apostles and requires recovery and restoration.
Restorationism often serves as a reaction against which aspect of Christianity?
Answer: The divisions caused by denominationalism
Restorationism frequently arises as a reaction against the fragmentation and divisions caused by denominationalism, seeking unity through a return to primitive Christian practices.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a movement falling under the narrow historical definition of Restorationism?
Answer: Roman Catholicism
While Restorationism critiques perceived departures from original Christianity, major historical traditions like Roman Catholicism are generally not classified *within* the narrow historical definition of Restorationist movements themselves.
What does the concept of the 'Great Apostasy' signify for Restorationists?
Answer: Evidence for the need to restore the original church
For Restorationists, the concept of the 'Great Apostasy' serves as crucial evidence supporting their belief in the necessity and validity of restoring the original Christian church.
Restitutionism, as defined in the text, is essentially a form of:
Answer: Universalism
The text defines Restitutionism as the belief in the eventual restoration of all souls to God's favor, which is synonymous with Universalism.
When capitalized, 'Restoration Movement' typically refers specifically to which movement?
Answer: The American movement associated with Stone and Campbell
The capitalized term 'Restoration Movement' is commonly used as a specific designation for the American movement originating with Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell.
Themes of restorationism first appeared during the Protestant Reformation.
Answer: False
While themes of restorationism were present during the Protestant Reformation, they first appeared much earlier in church history, notably in the writings of figures like Irenaeus, and were also evident in some medieval movements.
The Glasites and the Mormons are examples of movements described as 'restoration movements'.
Answer: True
The Glasites (Sandemanians) and the Latter Day Saint movement (Mormonism) are cited as historical examples of movements that fall under the category of 'restoration movements'.
During the Middle Ages, Restorationism was primarily associated with movements that sought to establish new papal doctrines.
Answer: False
Medieval movements associated with restorationist themes, such as the Lollards and Hussites, primarily sought reform and renewal of the church, rather than the establishment of new papal doctrines.
The Protestant Reformation rejected church traditions entirely, aligning perfectly with the concept of Restorationism.
Answer: False
The Protestant Reformation rejected church traditions that were perceived as contrary to Scripture, but it did not reject all traditions. Its alignment with Restorationism was partial, as reformers focused on 'sola scriptura' and purification rather than a complete reconstruction based on a specific primitive model.
John Wesley's Methodism embraced Christian Primitivism by looking to the church before the Council of Nicaea as a model.
Answer: True
John Wesley's Methodist movement is considered an example of Christian Primitivism, valuing the church as it existed prior to the Council of Nicaea as a model for faith and practice.
The Caroline Divines appealed to the Primitive Church but worked outside the established Church of England.
Answer: False
The Caroline Divines, while appealing to the Primitive Church as a model, operated *within* the established Church of England, advocating for reforms and theological positions from within its structure.
How did the Swiss (Reformed) approach to the Reformation differ from the German (Lutheran) approach, according to the text?
Answer: The Swiss aimed for restoration of biblical forms, while the German focused on purifying existing tradition.
The Swiss Reformation, particularly figures like Zwingli and Calvin, emphasized restoring biblical forms and patterns, whereas the German (Lutheran) Reformation focused more on purifying existing traditions while retaining some historical structures.
John Wesley's Methodism aligned with Christian Primitivism by valuing the church:
Answer: Before the Council of Nicaea
John Wesley's Methodist movement embraced Christian Primitivism by looking to the church that existed prior to the Council of Nicaea as a foundational model.
The Caroline Divines exemplified primitivism within the Church of England by:
Answer: Appealing to the Primitive Church as a basis for reform
The Caroline Divines demonstrated primitivism by referencing the Primitive Church as a foundation for their theological arguments and reforms within the Church of England.
Experiential Primitivism focuses on restoring the ethical standards of the early Christian community.
Answer: False
Experiential Primitivism is concerned with restoring the direct experience of the Holy Spirit and divine communication believed to be characteristic of the early church. Restoring ethical standards is the focus of Ethical Primitivism.
Martin Luther's approach, characterized as Gospel Primitivism, focused on restoring the purity of the gospel message itself.
Answer: True
Martin Luther's reform efforts are often categorized under Gospel Primitivism, emphasizing the restoration of the gospel message's clarity and purity, which he believed had been obscured by medieval church practices.
What does 'Ecclesiastical Primitivism' focus on restoring?
Answer: The organizational and administrative practices of the early church
Ecclesiastical Primitivism specifically aims to restore the organizational structures, governance, and administrative practices believed to have been present in the early Christian church.
Which historical figure is associated with Gospel Primitivism, focusing on the clarity of the gospel message?
Answer: Martin Luther
Martin Luther's reform efforts, emphasizing the purity of the gospel message, are often categorized under the model of Gospel Primitivism.
Separate Baptists in America rejected creeds and emphasized 'freedom in the Spirit,' contributing to Restorationism.
Answer: True
During the First Great Awakening, Separate Baptists in America contributed to Restorationist sentiments by rejecting formal creeds and emphasizing 'freedom in the Spirit,' advocating for the Bible as the sole rule for the church.
The appeal of Restorationism in the United States during the Second Great Awakening was hindered by the perception of America as a pristine land.
Answer: False
The perception of America as a pristine land, ideal for recovering pure Christianity, actually *contributed* to the appeal of Restorationism during the Second Great Awakening, rather than hindering it.
The American Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement sought to unify Christians into a single body based on the New Testament church model.
Answer: True
A primary objective of the American Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement was the unification of Christians into a single body, modeled after the structure and practices of the New Testament church.
The Stone and Campbell movements agreed on core tenets such as weekly celebration of the Lord's Supper and believer's baptism by immersion.
Answer: True
The Stone and Campbell movements, which merged to form the American Restoration Movement, shared fundamental beliefs including the weekly observance of the Lord's Supper and believer's baptism by immersion as essential practices.
Latter Day Saints believe their founder, Joseph Smith, was chosen to restore the primitive church after it had been lost following the Council of Nicaea.
Answer: True
A core belief within the Latter Day Saint movement is that Joseph Smith was divinely appointed to restore the primitive Christian church, which they believe had been lost following the Council of Nicaea.
Millerites, a group related to Adventism, sought to restore a prophetic immediacy and uncompromising biblicism.
Answer: True
Millerites, a significant Adventist group, pursued a restorationist agenda focused on prophetic immediacy and strict adherence to biblical principles (biblicism).
Seventh-day Adventists reject the doctrine of the Trinity and the infallibility of scripture.
Answer: False
Seventh-day Adventists affirm the doctrine of the Trinity and the infallibility of scripture, alongside their distinctive teachings on topics like the Sabbath and the investigative judgment.
The Bible Student movement, led by Charles Taze Russell, believed Russell had restored true Christianity from a predicted apostasy.
Answer: True
Charles Taze Russell and the Bible Student movement posited that Russell was instrumental in restoring true Christianity, which they believed had fallen into apostasy.
Jehovah's Witnesses emerged from the Bible Student movement and emphasized using 'Yahweh' as God's personal name.
Answer: False
Jehovah's Witnesses, while emerging from the Bible Student movement, emphasized the use of 'Jehovah' as God's personal name, not 'Yahweh'.
The Church of God (Restoration) believes it is ordained to restore the church as described in the Book of Acts.
Answer: False
The Church of God (Restoration), founded by Daniel Layne, believes it is ordained to restore the church as described in the Book of Revelation, not the Book of Acts.
The Stone-Campbell Movement's primary goal was to create a new denomination distinct from all existing Christian groups.
Answer: False
The primary goal of the Stone-Campbell Movement was to unify Christians into a single body based on New Testament patterns, rather than creating a new, distinct denomination.
The Bible Student movement rejected political neutrality and warfare as part of restoring primitive Christianity.
Answer: False
The Bible Student movement, led by Charles Taze Russell, advocated for strict political neutrality and abstinence from warfare as key components of restoring primitive Christianity.
The primary theological difference between Churches of Christ and Disciples of Christ regarding the Restoration Movement is their emphasis on ecumenism versus restoration.
Answer: True
Within the broader Restoration Movement, a key divergence exists between Churches of Christ (and Christian churches/churches of Christ) emphasizing restoration, and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) prioritizing ecumenism.
The Campbell movement integrated Enlightenment rationalism into its restoration efforts, differing from Mormonism's approach.
Answer: True
The Campbell movement, part of the American Restoration Movement, integrated Enlightenment rationalism into its restorationist framework, whereas Mormonism emphasized ongoing revelation and drew from 19th-century Romanticism.
Which factor contributed to the appeal of Restorationism in the early 19th-century United States?
Answer: The belief that America was a land ideal for recovering pure Christianity
The perception of the United States as a new, pristine land conducive to recovering authentic Christianity was a significant factor in the appeal of Restorationism during the Second Great Awakening.
What was a key shared belief between the Stone and Campbell movements that facilitated their union?
Answer: The restoration of apostolic Christianity to hasten the millennium
A shared belief in restoring apostolic Christianity, often linked to the anticipation of the millennium, was a crucial element that facilitated the union of the Stone and Campbell movements.
According to Latter Day Saint beliefs, when was the primitive church withdrawn from Earth?
Answer: After the First Council of Nicaea
Latter Day Saint theology posits that the primitive church and its priesthood were withdrawn from the Earth following the First Council of Nicaea, necessitating a later restoration.
Which of the following is a distinctive teaching of the Seventh-day Adventist Church mentioned in the text?
Answer: The doctrine of an investigative judgment
While Seventh-day Adventists believe in the imminent Second Coming of Christ, the doctrine of an investigative judgment is presented as one of their distinctive teachings.
The Bible Student movement, led by Charles Taze Russell, considered which of the following a return to primitive Christianity?
Answer: Active proselytization
The Bible Student movement identified active proselytization, alongside political neutrality and rejection of Trinitarianism, as key elements of a return to primitive Christianity.
How did Jehovah's Witnesses distinguish themselves further from the Bible Student movement?
Answer: By increasing emphasis on using 'Jehovah' as God's personal name
Jehovah's Witnesses, emerging from the Bible Student movement, further distinguished themselves by placing a greater emphasis on the use of 'Jehovah' as the personal name of God.
The Stone-Campbell Movement's restoration efforts were primarily aimed at:
Answer: Unifying Christians into a New Testament pattern
The Stone-Campbell Movement's central aim was to unify Christians by restoring the church to its New Testament pattern, rather than establishing a new denomination or reforming existing ones.
Which of the following theological points did the Bible Student movement consider a return to primitive Christianity?
Answer: Rejection of Trinitarianism
The Bible Student movement identified the rejection of Trinitarianism, along with political neutrality and abstinence from warfare, as key aspects of restoring primitive Christianity.
What is the primary theological difference highlighted between Churches of Christ and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) regarding the Restoration Movement?
Answer: Emphasis on restoration vs. emphasis on ecumenism
The divergence between Churches of Christ and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) within the Restoration Movement is often characterized by the former's stronger emphasis on restoration and the latter's greater focus on ecumenism.
How did the Campbell movement's approach to restoration differ from Mormonism's, according to the text?
Answer: Campbell integrated Enlightenment rationalism; Mormonism focused on ongoing revelation.
The Campbell movement integrated Enlightenment rationalism into its restorationist framework, whereas Mormonism emphasized ongoing revelation and drew from 19th-century Romanticism.
The Christadelphian movement developed distinctive doctrines including adherence to the Nicene Creed and affirmation of the Trinity.
Answer: False
The Christadelphian movement is characterized by anti-trinitarianism and rejection of the Nicene Creed, aligning with its restorationist aims to return to primitive Christian beliefs.
The Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingian) believes that spiritual gifts like prophecy and apostleship ceased after the first century.
Answer: False
The Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingian) believes that spiritual gifts, including prophecy and apostleship, were restored to the church, contrary to the idea that they ceased after the first century.
The Plymouth Brethren movement originated in the United States in the early 20th century.
Answer: False
The Plymouth Brethren movement originated in Dublin, Ireland, in 1827, not in the United States in the early 20th century.
Oneness Pentecostalism views its movement as a restoration of the Apostolic Church, often referring to themselves as 'apostolic'.
Answer: True
Oneness Pentecostalism strongly identifies with Restorationism, viewing its movement as a restoration of the Apostolic Church and frequently using the term 'apostolic' to describe itself.
Iglesia ni Cristo claims to be the reestablishment of the original church founded by Jesus, asserting that the original church apostatized.
Answer: True
Iglesia ni Cristo asserts its identity as the reestablishment of Jesus' original church, positing that this original church underwent a significant apostasy.
La Luz del Mundo asserts that its founder was called to restore the church of the 20th century CE.
Answer: False
La Luz del Mundo asserts that its founder was called to restore the primitive Christian church of the *first* century CE, not the 20th century.
The Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines) separated from the Roman Catholic Church and aims to reinstate ancient traditions removed by Popes.
Answer: True
The Apostolic Catholic Church in the Philippines, which emerged from a separation from Roman Catholicism, states its aim is to reinstate ancient traditions that it believes were removed by papal authority.
The 'local churches' movement emphasizes the need for a single, official name for the church to avoid division.
Answer: False
The 'local churches' movement emphasizes the lack of an official organization or name for the church as a means to avoid division among believers, rather than promoting a single, official name.
Jesuism focuses solely on the teachings of Jesus and is identical to mainstream Christianity.
Answer: False
Jesuism focuses on the teachings of Jesus but is distinct from, and sometimes opposed to, mainstream Christianity, particularly differentiating itself from the writings attributed to the Apostle Paul and modern Church doctrine.
The World Mission Society Church of God codified doctrines that Ahn Sahng-hong is Christ incarnate and Zahng Gil-jah is God the Mother.
Answer: True
The World Mission Society Church of God codified major doctrines post-founder Ahn Sahng-hong, including the belief that he was Christ incarnate and that Zahng Gil-jah is God the Mother.
John Duncan criticized the Plymouth Brethren for creating a new sect while attempting to end sectarianism.
Answer: True
John Duncan famously critiqued the Plymouth Brethren, suggesting that in their attempt to eliminate sectarianism, they inadvertently created a highly sectarian movement.
The Charismatic Restorationist Movement focuses on restoring the 'fivefold ministries' mentioned in Ephesians 4:11.
Answer: True
Emerging in the mid-20th century, the Charismatic Restorationist Movement emphasizes the restoration of church order centered on the 'fivefold ministries' (apostles, prophets, evangelists, teachers, pastors) as described in Ephesians 4:11.
The Apostolic-Prophetic Movement recognizes the office of the prophet but not the office of the apostle.
Answer: False
The Apostolic-Prophetic Movement recognizes and emphasizes both the office of the prophet and the office of the apostle as essential for contemporary church structure and function.
The World Mission Society Church of God believes Ahn Sahng-hong is Christ incarnate and Zahng Gil-jah is God the Mother.
Answer: True
The World Mission Society Church of God holds the distinct doctrines that Ahn Sahng-hong was Christ incarnate and that Zahng Gil-jah is God the Mother.
Iglesia ni Cristo adheres to the doctrine of the Trinity and believes Jesus is divine.
Answer: False
Iglesia ni Cristo rejects the doctrine of the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus, aligning with its distinct theological framework.
Which of these doctrines is NOT characteristic of the Christadelphian movement, according to the source?
Answer: Affirmation of the Nicene Creed
The Christadelphian movement is characterized by anti-trinitarianism and a belief in the corporeal nature of God, but it explicitly rejects the Nicene Creed.
The Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingian) is known for believing that:
Answer: They exercise spiritual gifts characteristic of the Apostolic age.
The Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingian) believes in the restoration and exercise of spiritual gifts, such as prophecy and apostleship, which they associate with the Apostolic age.
The Plymouth Brethren movement originated in which city?
Answer: Dublin, Ireland
The Plymouth Brethren movement originated in Dublin, Ireland, in 1827.
Oneness Pentecostalism's restorationist theme is strongly linked to its view of itself as a restoration of:
Answer: The Apostolic Church
Oneness Pentecostalism views its movement as a restoration of the Apostolic Church, often identifying itself as 'apostolic' due to this restorationist focus.
What statement accurately reflects Iglesia ni Cristo's theological position?
Answer: They reject the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus.
Iglesia ni Cristo does not adhere to the doctrine of the Trinity and rejects the concept of Jesus' divinity, holding a distinct theological position on his nature.
La Luz del Mundo asserts that its founder restored the primitive Christian church of which century?
Answer: The 1st century CE
La Luz del Mundo claims its founder restored the primitive Christian church of the first century CE, asserting that all subsequent forms of Christianity represent corruptions.
What is a defining characteristic of the 'local churches' movement regarding church organization?
Answer: They emphasize the lack of an official organization or name.
A key characteristic of the 'local churches' movement is its emphasis on the absence of a formal, centralized organization or a single official name, aiming to foster unity within local congregations.
John Duncan's criticism of the Plymouth Brethren implied they:
Answer: Became the most sectarian sect while trying to end sectarianism.
John Duncan's critique suggested that the Plymouth Brethren, in their attempt to eliminate sectarianism, inadvertently created a highly sectarian movement.
The Charismatic Restorationist Movement focuses on restoring the church order centered around:
Answer: The fivefold ministries (Apostles, Prophets, etc.)
The Charismatic Restorationist Movement emphasizes the restoration of church order through the recognition and function of the fivefold ministries, as outlined in Ephesians 4:11.
The World Mission Society Church of God codified major doctrines after Ahn Sahng-hong's death, including the belief that:
Answer: Ahn Sahng-hong is Christ incarnate and Zahng Gil-jah is God the Mother.
Following the death of Ahn Sahng-hong, the World Mission Society Church of God codified doctrines identifying him as Christ incarnate and Zahng Gil-jah as God the Mother.
What is the primary theological stance of Iglesia ni Cristo regarding Jesus?
Answer: Jesus is not divine and not part of the Trinity.
Iglesia ni Cristo maintains that Jesus is not divine and is not part of the Trinity, holding a distinct theological position on his nature.
The Catholic critique of Restorationism argues that it implies Christ's promise about the Church's perpetuity failed.
Answer: True
A significant Catholic critique of Restorationism is that its premise of a lost or apostatized church implies a failure of Christ's promise regarding the perpetual existence and guidance of His Church.
The Catholic view suggests church doctrine should remain static, mirroring the primitive church exactly.
Answer: False
The Catholic view posits that church doctrine and practice should develop organically over time, guided by the Holy Spirit, rather than being fixed to an exact replication of the primitive church.
'Sola scriptura' means that church tradition holds ultimate authority over the Bible.
Answer: False
'Sola scriptura,' a principle of the Protestant Reformation, asserts that the Bible is the ultimate authority, superseding church tradition.
A Catholic critique suggests primitivist assumptions about the early church are often based on ignorance of the Early Church Fathers.
Answer: True
Catholic critiques of primitivism argue that its proponents often lack sufficient knowledge of the Early Church Fathers, leading to inaccurate assumptions about the nature of the primitive church.
The Catholic critique of primitivism suggests that restorationist assumptions about the early church are often based on:
Answer: Ignorance of the Early Church Fathers
Catholic critiques contend that restorationist assumptions about the early church frequently stem from an insufficient understanding or ignorance of the writings and context of the Early Church Fathers.
From a Catholic perspective, how should church doctrine and practice evolve?
Answer: They should develop organically, guided by the Holy Spirit.
The Catholic perspective holds that church doctrine and practice evolve organically over time, guided by the Holy Spirit, rather than being fixed to an exact replication of the primitive church.
The principle of 'sola scriptura' during the Protestant Reformation asserted:
Answer: The Bible's ultimate authority over church tradition.
'Sola scriptura' signifies that the Bible alone is the supreme authority in matters of faith and practice, holding precedence over church tradition.
The Catholic critique regarding the historical accuracy of primitivist assumptions suggests that primitivists often:
Answer: Underestimate the hierarchical structure of the early church.
Catholic critiques argue that primitivist assumptions about the early church often overlook or underestimate its hierarchical structure, relying on incomplete historical interpretations.