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Reuters was founded in London in October 1851 by Paul Julius Reuter, a German baron.
Answer: True
The source confirms that Reuters was founded in London in October 1851 by Paul Julius Reuter.
Reuters' initial news service primarily focused on general news dissemination to newspapers across Europe.
Answer: False
The initial focus of Reuters was on commercial and financial news for businesses, rather than general news for newspapers. Its expansion into serving newspapers began later.
The 'Ring Combination' agreement of 1870 was established to promote vigorous competition and collaborative efforts among European news agencies.
Answer: False
The 'Ring Combination' agreement of 1870, established by Reuters, Havas, and Wolff, primarily aimed to divide territories among the agencies, thereby limiting direct competition and establishing zones of influence, rather than fostering competition.
Reuters expanded its operations into South America in 1872.
Answer: False
Reuters expanded into the Far East in 1872 and into South America in 1874, not the other way around.
Paul Reuter developed a prototype news service in Aachen using homing pigeons before moving to London.
Answer: True
The source confirms that Paul Julius Reuter established a prototype news service in Aachen, employing homing pigeons and electric telegraphy, prior to his relocation to London.
Reuters' initial news service established in London concentrated primarily on political news dissemination.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, Reuters' initial news service in London focused on commercial and financial news for businesses, not primarily political news. Its engagement with newspapers began later.
Who founded Reuters and in what year?
Answer: Paul Julius Reuter in 1851
Reuters was founded by Paul Julius Reuter in London in October 1851.
What was the primary focus of Reuters when it was first established?
Answer: Commercial and financial news for businesses
Upon its establishment, Reuters' primary focus was on commercial and financial news for businesses, such as banks and brokerage houses, before expanding to serve newspapers.
What was the 'Ring Combination' established in 1870?
Answer: An agreement dividing territories among European news agencies like Reuters, Havas, and Wolff.
The 'Ring Combination' established in 1870 was an agreement among European news agencies, including Reuters, Havas, and Wolff, to divide territories for news gathering and distribution.
In which regions did Reuters expand its operations geographically in the late 19th century?
Answer: The Far East and South America
In the late 19th century, Reuters expanded its operations into the Far East in 1872 and South America in 1874.
Who initiated the idea for the 'Ring Combination' agreement among European news agencies?
Answer: Reuters
Reuters initiated the idea for the 'Ring Combination' agreement, which was established in 1870 among European news agencies to divide territories.
What technology did Paul Reuter utilize in his prototype news service in Aachen?
Answer: Carrier pigeons and the electric telegraph
Paul Reuter utilized homing pigeons and electric telegraphy in his prototype news service in Aachen.
What was the initial news service provided by Reuters upon its establishment in London?
Answer: Commercial news for financial institutions
Upon its establishment in London, Reuters initially provided a news service focused on commercial and financial news for businesses.
Herbert de Reuter, the eldest son of Paul Julius Reuter, took over as managing director upon his father's retirement.
Answer: True
Upon Paul Julius Reuter's retirement in 1878, his eldest son, Herbert de Reuter, assumed the role of managing director.
In 1916, Reuters became a public company after being purchased by Roderick Jones and Mark Napier.
Answer: False
In 1916, Roderick Jones and Mark Napier purchased Reuters, returning it to private ownership, not making it a public company. It later became public in 1984.
After World War II, ownership of Reuters expanded to include Australian and New Zealand newspaper associations.
Answer: True
Following World War II, newspaper associations from New Zealand and Australia became co-owners of Reuters in 1947, contributing to the establishment of the Reuters Trust.
Reuters was floated as a public company in 1984 and listed on the London Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.
Answer: True
Reuters became a public company in 1984 when its shares were floated on stock exchanges, including the London Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.
In 2008, Reuters merged with the American company Associated Press.
Answer: False
In 2008, Reuters was acquired by the Thomson Corporation of Canada, forming Thomson Reuters, not merged with Associated Press.
In 2009, Thomson Reuters delisted its shares from the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and NASDAQ.
Answer: True
In 2009, Thomson Reuters delisted its shares from the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and NASDAQ. The company subsequently listed its shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
Who succeeded Paul Julius Reuter as the managing director of Reuters?
Answer: Herbert de Reuter, his eldest son
Upon Paul Julius Reuter's retirement in 1878, his eldest son, Herbert de Reuter, assumed the role of managing director.
What significant changes occurred within Reuters in 1915 and 1916?
Answer: Herbert de Reuter died, and the company was purchased by Jones and Napier, returning it to private ownership.
In 1915, Herbert de Reuter died, and in 1916, Roderick Jones and Mark Napier acquired the company, returning it to private ownership and renaming it 'Reuters Limited'.
Which organizations became co-owners of Reuters after World War II, contributing to the Reuters Trust?
Answer: Newspaper associations from New Zealand and Australia
Following World War II, newspaper associations from New Zealand and Australia became co-owners of Reuters in 1947, contributing to the establishment of the Reuters Trust.
When did Reuters become a public company?
Answer: 1984
Reuters became a public company in 1984 when its shares were floated on stock exchanges, including the London Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.
What company acquired Reuters in the significant corporate merger of 2008?
Answer: The Thomson Corporation of Canada
In 2008, the Thomson Corporation of Canada acquired Reuters, forming the entity known as Thomson Reuters Corporation.
What was the primary purpose of the Reuters Trust, established in 1947?
Answer: To ensure the company's independence and integrity.
The primary purpose of the Reuters Trust, established in 1947, was to ensure the independence of the company's news operations.
In which year did Thomson Reuters delist its shares from the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and NASDAQ?
Answer: 2009
Thomson Reuters delisted its shares from the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and NASDAQ in the year 2009.
How did Reuters' share price perform during the dot-com boom?
Answer: It experienced growth but later declined after banking troubles.
During the dot-com boom, Reuters' share price experienced growth, but it later declined following banking troubles in 2001.
Reuters became a dominant force on the internet during the 1980s.
Answer: False
Reuters adapted to the rise of the internet and became a dominant news service online during the 1990s, not the 1980s.
The guiding principles for Reuters journalists unequivocally prioritize speed and exclusivity above all other journalistic considerations.
Answer: False
While speed and exclusivity are important aspects of Reuters' reporting, the guiding principles also emphasize reliability and accuracy. The assertion that speed and exclusivity are prioritized 'above all else' is inaccurate, as accuracy and fair presentation are fundamental to the agency's standards.
Reuters has a policy to avoid using the word 'terrorist' unless it is attributed to a source.
Answer: True
Reuters' policy dictates that the term 'terrorist' is not used to qualify specific individuals, groups, or events unless it is attributed to a source, aiming for a neutral approach.
The UK Government provided direct editorial control funding to Reuters in the 1960s and 1970s to expand Middle East coverage.
Answer: False
The UK Government provided funding for Reuters' Middle East expansion in the 1960s and 1970s indirectly, through the BBC paying for enhanced subscriptions which were then reimbursed by the Treasury, aiming for influence rather than direct editorial control.
Reuters journalists have expressed concerns that fossil fuel advertising could compromise the credibility of their reporting.
Answer: True
Reuters journalists have voiced concerns that advertising revenue from the fossil fuel industry could compromise the credibility of their climate change reporting and potentially diminish public perception of the climate crisis.
The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles were established to ensure the independence and integrity of Reuters' news operations.
Answer: True
The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles were instituted to safeguard the independence and integrity of Reuters' news operations, a commitment reinforced through various structural changes over time.
According to the provided documentation, which of the following terms is NOT explicitly enumerated as a guiding principle for Reuters journalists?
Answer: Objectivity
The guiding principles explicitly mentioned include reliability, accuracy, speed, and exclusivity. While concepts like 'fair presentation' and 'impartiality' are referenced, the term 'objectivity' itself is not explicitly listed as a distinct guiding principle in the source material.
What is Reuters' policy regarding the use of the word 'terrorist' in its reporting?
Answer: The word 'terrorist' is not used without attribution.
Reuters' policy dictates that the term 'terrorist' is not used to qualify specific individuals, groups, or events unless it is attributed to a source, aiming for a neutral approach.
How did the UK Government provide funding to Reuters for Middle East expansion in the 1960s and 1970s?
Answer: Via the BBC paying for enhanced subscriptions, reimbursed by the Treasury.
The UK Government provided funding for Reuters' Middle East expansion in the 1960s and 1970s indirectly, through the BBC paying for enhanced subscriptions which were then reimbursed by the Treasury, aiming for influence rather than direct editorial control.
What concerns have Reuters journalists raised regarding fossil fuel advertising?
Answer: It conflicts with climate change reporting and reduces credibility.
Reuters journalists have voiced concerns that advertising revenue from the fossil fuel industry could compromise the credibility of their climate change reporting and potentially diminish public perception of the climate crisis.
What is the significance of the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles?
Answer: They ensure the independence and integrity of Reuters' news operations.
The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles are significant because they ensure the independence and integrity of Reuters' news operations.
What was Reuters' policy regarding reporting specific events as terrorism?
Answer: The term 'terrorist' could only be used if attributed to a specific source.
Reuters' policy regarding reporting specific events as terrorism stipulated that the term 'terrorist' would only be used if attributed to a source, rather than applied directly by the agency.
How did Reuters respond when a Canadian newspaper chain edited its articles to include the word 'terrorist'?
Answer: Reuters asked the chain to remove the agency's bylines from the edited articles.
Reuters responded by requesting that the Canadian newspaper chain remove the agency's bylines from the edited articles, citing the need to protect reporters and maintain editorial integrity.
Reuters gained early recognition by being the first to report Abraham Lincoln's assassination in Europe.
Answer: True
Reuters gained early recognition for its prompt reporting of significant international events, notably being the first to report Abraham Lincoln's assassination in Europe in 1865.
Reuters pioneered the international transmission of news via radio in 1923.
Answer: True
Reuters pioneered news transmission in the 20th century by adopting radio for international news dissemination starting in 1923.
In 2024, Reuters staff won a Pulitzer Prize for their investigation into Elon Musk and misconduct within his businesses.
Answer: True
In 2024, Reuters staff received the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for their comprehensive investigation into Elon Musk and alleged misconduct within his associated businesses.
Reuters was the first news agency to report the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
Answer: True
According to the provided information, Reuters was the first news agency to report on the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
Reuters won the Selden Ring Award in February 2023 for investigating human rights abuses by the Nigerian military.
Answer: True
A team of Reuters journalists received the Selden Ring Award in February 2023 for their investigative work uncovering human rights abuses perpetrated by the Nigerian military.
Which event was among the first major international stories Reuters was recognized for reporting?
Answer: The assassination of Abraham Lincoln in Europe
Reuters gained early recognition for its prompt reporting of significant international events, notably being the first to report Abraham Lincoln's assassination in Europe in 1865.
How did Reuters pioneer news transmission in the 20th century?
Answer: By transmitting news internationally via radio starting in 1923
Reuters pioneered news transmission in the 20th century by adopting radio for international news dissemination starting in 1923.
What Pulitzer Prizes did Reuters win in 2024?
Answer: National Reporting (Elon Musk investigation) and Breaking News Photography (Gaza war)
In 2024, Reuters staff received the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for their investigation into Elon Musk and the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography for their coverage of the Gaza war.
When did Reuters first report the breach of the Berlin Wall?
Answer: 1989
Reuters published the first news report about the breach of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
What specific Pulitzer Prize did Reuters win in 2024 for their investigation into Elon Musk?
Answer: Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
Reuters won the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2024 for their investigation into Elon Musk and misconduct within his businesses.
What award did a team of Reuters journalists win in February 2023?
Answer: The Selden Ring Award
A team of Reuters journalists received the Selden Ring Award in February 2023 for their investigation into human rights abuses by the Nigerian military.
Several Reuters journalists, including Taras Protsyuk and Mazen Dana, were killed while on assignment in Iraq in 2003.
Answer: True
Taras Protsyuk and Mazen Dana were Reuters journalists killed on assignment in Iraq in 2003.
Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo were convicted in Myanmar and served their full seven-year sentences.
Answer: False
Following their conviction in Myanmar, Reuters journalists Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo were freed in May 2019 after serving 511 days, having received a presidential pardon, rather than serving full sentences.
A former Reuters climate change correspondent resigned due to the agency's strong commitment to climate science reporting.
Answer: False
David Fogarty resigned from Reuters citing that his role covering climate change was abolished, and that editorial shifts appeared to favor climate skepticism, making it more difficult to publish relevant stories, not due to a strong commitment.
Reuters severed ties with a Lebanese freelance photographer in 2006 after discovering he had submitted doctored photos.
Answer: True
Reuters was accused of bias against Israel in 2006 when it used doctored photographs provided by a Lebanese freelance photographer, leading to severed ties with the individual.
In a 2020 reporting error, Reuters mistakenly used the photograph of an Indian herbal medicine entrepreneur in a story concerning an unrelated Indian cyber firm.
Answer: True
The 2020 error involved Reuters using the image of an Indian herbal medicine entrepreneur in a report about an unrelated Indian cyber firm. The individual whose photograph was mistakenly used was an entrepreneur, not necessarily the CEO of the cyber firm in question.
A parenthetical comment suggesting the removal of a paragraph about potential corruption was mistakenly published alongside an interview with Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
Answer: True
A parenthetical editorial note, suggesting the removal of a paragraph concerning potential corruption, was mistakenly published alongside an interview excerpt with Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
Reuters removed the Russian agency TASS from its 'Reuters Connect' program following criticism after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Answer: True
Following criticism stemming from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Reuters removed the Russian agency TASS from its 'Reuters Connect' program in March 2022 due to a misalignment with the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
In 2023, India revoked the Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) status of cybersecurity journalist Raphael Satter.
Answer: True
In December 2023, India's Ministry of Home Affairs revoked the Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) status of Reuters cybersecurity journalist Raphael Satter, citing allegations of unauthorized journalistic activities.
Valerie Zink resigned from Reuters, accusing the agency of perpetuating Israeli propaganda regarding the Gaza war.
Answer: True
Upon resigning, Valerie Zink accused Reuters of perpetuating Israeli propaganda concerning the Gaza war, arguing this occurred at the detriment of its own journalists.
In 1977, Reuters was accused of cooperating with the British intelligence agency MI6.
Answer: False
In 1977, reports emerged accusing Reuters of cooperating with the CIA, not MI6, based on information from CIA officials. Reuters requested evidence, which was reportedly not supplied.
Reuters was criticized for cropping knives and blood from photos taken during the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid.
Answer: True
Reuters faced criticism for cropping elements such as knives and blood from photographs captured during the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid, although the agency maintained that cropping was a standard procedure.
David Fogarty resigned from Reuters because his role covering climate change was abolished after editorial shifts favoring climate skepticism.
Answer: True
David Fogarty resigned from Reuters citing that his role covering climate change was abolished, and that editorial shifts appeared to favor climate skepticism, making it more difficult to publish relevant stories.
Critics alleged that Reuters created 'false balance' in climate change reporting by including unrelated skeptic viewpoints.
Answer: True
Critics contended that Reuters' climate change reporting suffered from 'false balance' due to the inclusion of unrelated viewpoints from climate skeptics, alongside other concerns about coverage and editorial stance.
In 2022, Reuters maintained its partnership with the Russian agency TASS despite significant staff criticism following the invasion of Ukraine.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, Reuters did not maintain its partnership with TASS in 2022. Following criticism and staff concerns after the invasion of Ukraine, Reuters removed TASS from its 'Reuters Connect' program.
Reuters was accused of bias against Israel in 2006 due to doctored photographs submitted by a Lebanese freelancer.
Answer: True
Accusations of bias against Israel arose in 2006 when Reuters utilized doctored photographs provided by a Lebanese freelance photographer, leading to severed ties with the individual.
Which Reuters journalists were killed in Iraq in 2003?
Answer: Taras Protsyuk and Mazen Dana
Taras Protsyuk and Mazen Dana were Reuters journalists killed on assignment in Iraq in 2003.
What was the outcome for Reuters journalists Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo after their conviction in Myanmar?
Answer: They were deported after serving 511 days following a presidential pardon.
Following their conviction in Myanmar, Reuters journalists Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo were freed in May 2019 after serving 511 days, having received a presidential pardon, rather than serving full sentences.
What concerns were raised about Reuters' climate change reporting?
Answer: It became harder to publish stories, and skepticism was suggested by editors.
Concerns raised about Reuters' climate change reporting included allegations of reduced coverage, editorial skepticism towards climate science, and the creation of 'false balance' by including unrelated skeptic viewpoints.
What error occurred in a Reuters report in June 2020 concerning an Indian cyber firm?
Answer: The report incorrectly used the image of an Indian herbal medicine entrepreneur.
In June 2020, Reuters published a report about an Indian cyber firm but mistakenly used the photograph of an unrelated Indian herbal medicine entrepreneur.
What mistake was mistakenly published in relation to an interview excerpt with Fernando Henrique Cardoso?
Answer: A parenthetical comment suggesting the removal of a paragraph about potential corruption was included.
A parenthetical editorial note, suggesting the removal of a paragraph concerning potential corruption, was mistakenly published alongside an interview excerpt with Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
Why was the Russian news agency TASS removed from the 'Reuters Connect' program in March 2022?
Answer: TASS was accused of spreading disinformation about the war in Ukraine, conflicting with Trust Principles.
TASS was removed from the 'Reuters Connect' program in March 2022 due to its alignment with Russian state narratives following the invasion of Ukraine, which conflicted with the Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
What allegation was made by India's Ministry of Home Affairs against Reuters journalist Raphael Satter?
Answer: Unauthorized journalistic activities
India's Ministry of Home Affairs alleged that Reuters journalist Raphael Satter engaged in unauthorized journalistic activities, leading to the revocation of his Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) status.
What accusation did Valerie Zink make against Reuters upon her resignation?
Answer: Perpetuating Israeli propaganda regarding the Gaza war
Upon resigning, Valerie Zink accused Reuters of perpetuating Israeli propaganda concerning the Gaza war, arguing this occurred at the detriment of its own journalists.
What was the nature of the accusation made against Reuters in 1977 regarding intelligence agencies?
Answer: Cooperation with the CIA
In 1977, Reuters was accused of cooperating with the CIA, as reported by publications such as Rolling Stone and The New York Times.
What incident occurred in May 2016 concerning journalist data and Reuters reporters?
Answer: The Ukrainian website Myrotvorets published the personal data of thousands of journalists, including Reuters reporters.
In May 2016, the Ukrainian website Myrotvorets published the personal data of numerous journalists, including those from Reuters, in response to their accreditation by separatist-controlled regions.
What was the nature of the controversy surrounding Reuters' partnership with TASS in 2022?
Answer: The partnership was criticized due to TASS's alignment with Russian state narratives following the Ukraine invasion.
The controversy surrounding Reuters' partnership with TASS in 2022 stemmed from TASS's alignment with Russian state narratives following the invasion of Ukraine, which conflicted with Reuters' Trust Principles.
What allegations were made against Reuters regarding its coverage of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict?
Answer: It used doctored photographs, leading to accusations of bias against Israel.
Allegations against Reuters regarding its 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict coverage included accusations of bias against Israel, stemming from the use of doctored photographs provided by a Lebanese freelancer.
What was the initial reaction to Reuters' photographs from the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid?
Answer: They were criticized for cropping out knives and blood.
The initial reaction to Reuters' photographs from the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid was criticism regarding the cropping of knives and blood from the images.
What did David Fogarty, a former Reuters climate correspondent, report about the agency's coverage?
Answer: Stories became harder to publish, and his role was abolished.
David Fogarty reported that climate change stories became more difficult to publish at Reuters and that his role was abolished, suggesting a shift in editorial focus and potential skepticism towards climate science.
According to critics, what was Reuters' approach to reporting on climate change?
Answer: It created 'false balance' by including unrelated skeptic viewpoints.
According to critics, Reuters' approach to climate change reporting involved creating 'false balance' by incorporating unrelated skeptic viewpoints, alongside other issues concerning coverage and editorial stance.
The parent company, Thomson Reuters, is headquartered in Toronto, Canada.
Answer: False
The parent company, Thomson Reuters, is headquartered in London, England, not Toronto, Canada.
What is the current parent company of Reuters?
Answer: Thomson Reuters
Reuters currently operates as a division of its parent company, Thomson Reuters.
What is the Thomson Reuters Foundation?
Answer: A philanthropic foundation associated with Thomson Reuters.
The Thomson Reuters Foundation is a philanthropic organization affiliated with Thomson Reuters.