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Rijeka is known by various names such as Tharsatica, Vitopolis, and Fiume, all of which translate to 'river' in their respective languages.
Answer: True
The source confirms that Rijeka is known by names like Tharsatica, Vitopolis, and Fiume, and that all these names translate to 'river'.
As of 2021, bilingual signs featuring 'Rijeka' and 'Fiume' have been successfully installed at the city's west entrance due to an initiative by the Italian community.
Answer: False
The source states that as of 2021, these bilingual signs had not been installed due to technical difficulties, despite an initiative by the Italian community.
The 2021 census data indicates that Croats constitute less than 70% of Rijeka's population, with Serbs being the second-largest ethnic group.
Answer: False
According to the 2021 census, Croats constituted 85% of Rijeka's population, which is significantly more than 70%. Serbs were indeed the second-largest ethnic group, but with a much smaller percentage.
Fiuman, a unique dialect of the Venetian language, historically served as the main lingua franca for Rijeka's multi-ethnic port city.
Answer: True
The source confirms that Fiuman, a dialect of the Venetian language, historically served as the main lingua franca for Rijeka's multi-ethnic port city.
Rijeka's urban development was significantly influenced by surrounding mountains, causing the city to expand primarily along a narrow coastal strip rather than inland.
Answer: True
The source explains that Rijeka is surrounded by mountains on three sides, which prevented inland development and caused it to primarily lie on a narrow coastal strip.
Rijeka's climate is characterized by warm summers and mild, rainy winters, and it generally does not experience a summer drought, unlike typical Mediterranean locations.
Answer: True
The source describes Rijeka's climate as humid subtropical with warm summers and mild, rainy winters, explicitly stating it generally does not experience a summer drought, unlike typical Mediterranean locations.
Which of the following is NOT a historical name for Rijeka mentioned in the source?
Answer: Aquileia
The source mentions Tharsatica, Vitopolis, and Flumen as historical names for Rijeka. Aquileia is mentioned as part of Attila the Hun's campaign, not as a name for Rijeka itself.
What percentage of Rijeka's citizens were Croats according to the 2021 census data?
Answer: 85%
According to the 2021 census data, the ethnic composition of Rijeka's citizens was 85% Croats.
The earliest known settlements on the site of modern Rijeka included the Celtic Tharsatica on a hill and a tribe of mariners called the Liburni in the natural harbor below.
Answer: True
The source identifies the Celtic Tharsatica and the Liburni as the earliest known settlements on the site of Rijeka, maintaining a dual character.
Rijeka was first mentioned in the 1st century AD by Ptolemy as Tarsatica in his 'Geography'.
Answer: False
Rijeka was first mentioned in the 1st century AD by Pliny the Elder as Tarsatica in his 'Natural History'. Ptolemy also mentioned it around AD 150 in his 'Geography'.
During the Roman Empire, Tarsatica was rebuilt as a municipium named Flumen and became part of the Liburnia limes, a system of fortifications.
Answer: True
The source states that during the time of Augustus, Tarsatica was rebuilt as a municipium named Flumen and became part of the Liburnia limes, a system of fortifications.
Rijeka was burned down by the troops of Attila the Hun in 452 AD as part of their Aquileia campaign.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that Rijeka was burned down by Attila the Hun's troops in 452 AD during their Aquileia campaign.
The Frankish attack on Rijeka in 799 resulted in the immediate occupation and devastation of the castle after the death of Duke Eric of Friuli.
Answer: False
The Frankish Siege of Trsat in 799 was initially repulsed, resulting in Duke Eric's death. The Frankish forces eventually occupied and devastated the castle, but not immediately after his death.
Which ancient geographer first mentioned Rijeka (Tarsatica) in the 1st century AD in his 'Natural History'?
Answer: Pliny the Elder
Rijeka was first mentioned in the 1st century AD by Pliny the Elder as Tarsatica in his 'Natural History'.
What significant event occurred in Rijeka in 452 AD?
Answer: It was burned down by the troops of Attila the Hun.
In 452 AD, Rijeka was burned down by the troops of Attila the Hun as part of their Aquileia campaign.
Rijeka remained under Austrian Habsburg rule for over 450 years, with no interruptions until the end of World War I.
Answer: False
Rijeka remained under Austrian Habsburg rule for over 450 years, but this period was briefly interrupted by French rule between 1809 and 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars.
Emperor Charles VI declared the Port of Rijeka a free port in 1719 and ordered the expansion of the trade route to Vienna in 1725.
Answer: True
The source confirms that Emperor Charles VI declared the Port of Rijeka a free port in 1719 and ordered the expansion of the trade route to Vienna in 1725.
The Louisiana road, completed during French rule, significantly stimulated Rijeka's port development by providing the shortest route to the interior.
Answer: True
The source states that the Louisiana road, completed during French rule, provided the shortest route from Rijeka to the interior and significantly stimulated port development.
The Imperial and Royal Naval Academy in Fiume was a pioneering center for high-speed photography, where the first photograph of a bullet flying at supersonic speed was taken in 1886.
Answer: True
The source confirms that the Imperial and Royal Naval Academy in Fiume was a pioneering center for high-speed photography, and the first photograph of a bullet flying at supersonic speed was taken there in 1886 by Peter Salcher.
By 1913-1914, the Port of Fiume had become the fifth-busiest port in Europe due to Hungarian investments.
Answer: False
By 1913-1914, the Port of Fiume had become the tenth-busiest port in Europe, not the fifth-busiest.
How long did Rijeka remain under Austrian Habsburg rule, excluding brief interruptions?
Answer: Over 450 years
Rijeka remained under Austrian Habsburg rule for over 450 years, from 1466 until the end of World War I in 1918, with brief interruptions.
What natural disaster struck Rijeka in 1750, leading to its almost complete rebuilding?
Answer: A large earthquake
On November 28, 1750, Rijeka was hit by a large earthquake, which caused such widespread devastation that the city had to be almost completely rebuilt.
Who was the most prominent economic and cultural leader of Rijeka in the early 19th century, known for supporting the city's development?
Answer: Andrija Ljudevit Adamić
Andrija Ljudevit Adamić was the most prominent economic and cultural leader of Rijeka in the early 19th century, known for supporting the city's development.
What significant technological innovation, developed by Robert Whitehead, was first produced in Rijeka in 1866?
Answer: The self-propelled torpedo
The world's first torpedo factory, developed by Robert Whitehead, was established in Rijeka in 1866, producing the self-propelled torpedo.
According to the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, which linguistic community constituted the largest percentage of Rijeka's population?
Answer: Italian
According to the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, the Italian linguistic community constituted the largest percentage of Rijeka's population at 46.9%.
During World War I, Rijeka's port traffic collapsed due to a maritime blockade, leading to widespread shortages and economic deterioration.
Answer: True
The source states that a maritime blockade during World War I caused Rijeka's port traffic to collapse, leading to economic deterioration and widespread shortages.
The 'Fiume Question' arose after World War I because the Treaty of London had explicitly assigned Rijeka to Italy, which Yugoslavia contested.
Answer: False
The 'Fiume Question' arose because the Treaty of London had *not* assigned Rijeka to either Italy or Croatia, leading to competing claims.
Gabriele D'Annunzio established the Italian Regency of Carnaro in Rijeka, which was notable for being the first state in the world to recognize Soviet Russia.
Answer: True
The source confirms that Gabriele D'Annunzio established the Italian Regency of Carnaro in Rijeka, and its 'League of Fiume' was the first state in the world to recognize Soviet Russia.
The Free State of Fiume was formally partitioned between Italy and Yugoslavia by the Treaty of Rome in 1924, with most of the old *Corpus Separatum* becoming part of Italy.
Answer: True
The source states that the Free State of Fiume was formally partitioned between Italy and Yugoslavia by the bilateral Treaty of Rome on January 27, 1924, with most of the old *Corpus Separatum* becoming part of Italy.
After its annexation to Italy in 1924, Rijeka's economy thrived due to its re-established commercial hinterland and significant Italian government investments.
Answer: False
After annexation to Italy, Rijeka lost its commercial hinterland, which reduced its economic potential. While it received investments and regained some prosperity, its economic and demographic growth slowed compared to the previous period.
During World War II, approximately 80% of Rijeka's Jewish residents were deported to Auschwitz, a higher proportion than any other city in Italian territory.
Answer: True
The source states that approximately 80% of Rijeka's Jewish residents were deported to Auschwitz, and this was a higher proportion than any other city in Italian territory.
By the end of World War II, over 75% of Rijeka's buildings were either completely destroyed or significantly damaged.
Answer: False
By the end of World War II, 53% of Rijeka's buildings (2,890 out of 5,400) were either completely destroyed or significantly damaged, not over 75%.
What was the primary reason for the collapse of Rijeka's port traffic during World War I?
Answer: A maritime blockade
The source explicitly states that a maritime blockade caused Rijeka's port traffic to collapse during World War I.
What was US President Wilson's proposal for Rijeka's future during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919?
Answer: To make it a free city and headquarters of the League of Nations
During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, US President Wilson proposed making Rijeka a free city and the headquarters of the newly formed League of Nations.
What event, known as 'Bloody Christmas,' led to the end of the Italian Regency of Carnaro?
Answer: A five-day bombardment by Italian royal forces
The Italian Regency of Carnaro ended after Gabriele D'Annunzio declared war against Italy, leading to a five-day bombardment by Italian royal forces, known as 'Bloody Christmas'.
Who was elected as Rijeka's first president after the democratic election on April 24, 1921?
Answer: Riccardo Zanella
In the democratic election held on April 24, 1921, Riccardo Zanella was elected as Rijeka's first president.
What was a consequence for the Croatian minority in Fiume after its annexation to Italy in 1924?
Answer: They fell victim to discrimination and targeted assimilation policies.
After the annexation of Fiume to Italy in 1924, the Croatian minority in the city fell victim to discrimination and targeted assimilation policies.
What was the approximate number of German and Italian RSI troops commanded by General Ludwig Kübler during the final battle for Rijeka in April 1945?
Answer: Approximately 27,000
Approximately 27,000 German and Italian RSI troops, commanded by General Ludwig Kübler, fought during the final battle for Rijeka in April 1945.
Rijeka's economy is primarily driven by its deep-water port and the shipbuilding industry, including notable shipyards like '3. Maj' and 'Viktor Lenac Shipyard'.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that Rijeka's economy is largely dependent on shipbuilding, mentioning '3. Maj' and 'Viktor Lenac Shipyard,' and maritime transport, leveraging its deep-water port.
The University of Rijeka was formally established in 1632 as a Jesuit School of Theology, making it one of Europe's oldest universities.
Answer: False
The University of Rijeka was formally founded in 1973, though its roots trace back to a Jesuit School of Theology in 1632. It was not formally established as a university in 1632.
Rijeka was designated as the European Capital of Culture for 2020, sharing the title with Venice, Italy.
Answer: False
Rijeka was selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2020, but it shared the title with Galway, Ireland, not Venice, Italy.
The 'Fiume Autonomists purge' involved the assassination of autonomist figures by the Yugoslav secret police despite promises of political autonomy for the city.
Answer: True
The source describes the 'Fiume Autonomists purge' as the assassination of autonomist figures by the Yugoslav secret police OZNA, despite promises of political autonomy.
During the Yugoslav Communist administration, Rijeka became the second richest district within Yugoslavia by GDP per capita.
Answer: True
The source states that during the Yugoslav Communist administration, Rijeka became the second richest district (by GDP per capita) within Yugoslavia.
After Croatia gained independence in 1991, Rijeka's economy experienced a boom due to the privatization of its large industries and increased port traffic.
Answer: False
After Croatia gained independence in 1991, Rijeka's economy stagnated, and many large industries went out of business due to privatization scandals, corruption, and the war economy.
The Rijeka Carnival is held annually in late summer and attracts participants primarily from within Croatia.
Answer: False
The Rijeka Carnival is held annually before Lent, typically between late January and early March, and attracts participants from over 200 groups, indicating an international scope, not primarily from within Croatia.
Which of these institutions in Rijeka has roots dating back to a Jesuit School of Theology in 1632?
Answer: University of Rijeka
The University of Rijeka, while formally founded in 1973, has its roots tracing back to a Jesuit School of Theology established in 1632.
What international recognition did Rijeka receive in 2016, sharing the title with Galway, Ireland?
Answer: European Capital of Culture
In 2016, Rijeka was selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2020, sharing the title with Galway, Ireland.
What was the primary reason for the 'Istrian-Dalmatian exodus' from Rijeka after World War II?
Answer: Forced emigration or harsh oppression by the new Yugoslav Communist regime.
The 'Istrian-Dalmatian exodus' occurred because inhabitants were gradually compelled to emigrate or faced harsh oppression by the new Yugoslav Communist regime, including summary executions.
Which of the following describes the 'Fiume Autonomists purge'?
Answer: The assassination of autonomist figures by Yugoslav secret police.
The 'Fiume Autonomists purge' involved the assassination of autonomist figures by the Yugoslav secret police OZNA, despite promises of political autonomy for the city.
What is the primary cargo handled by the Port of Rijeka, according to 2017 data?
Answer: Crude oil, refined petroleum products, and bulk cargo
The Port of Rijeka handled 12.6 million tonnes of cargo in 2017, primarily crude oil, refined petroleum products, and bulk cargo.
Which of these notable individuals from Rijeka is known for pioneering ultrafast photography?
Answer: Peter Salcher
Peter Salcher is listed among Rijeka's notable individuals as a pioneer of ultrafast photography.