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Robert Mearns Yerkes, a pivotal figure in American psychology, was born in 1876 in Breadysville, Pennsylvania.
Answer: True
Robert Yerkes was born on May 26, 1876, in Breadysville, Pennsylvania, near Ivyland in Bucks County.
Yerkes initially aspired to become a farmer before pursuing higher education.
Answer: False
Robert Yerkes's initial aspiration was to become a physician, not a farmer.
Robert Yerkes chose to pursue medical training in Philadelphia over graduate studies at Harvard University.
Answer: False
With financial assistance, Yerkes chose graduate studies in Biology at Harvard University over medical training in Philadelphia, where his interests later shifted to animal behavior.
Robert Yerkes earned his Ph.D. in Biology from Harvard University in 1902.
Answer: False
Robert Yerkes earned his Ph.D. in Psychology from Harvard University in 1902, not in Biology.
Yerkes worked as an instructor at Harvard and taught psychology at Radcliffe College to help manage debts from his education.
Answer: True
To manage educational debts, Yerkes served as an instructor at Harvard and taught psychology at Radcliffe College.
Yerkes supplemented his income by serving as the director of psychological research at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital.
Answer: True
Yerkes supplemented his income by directing psychological research at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital.
From which institution did Robert Yerkes earn his Ph.D. in Psychology?
Answer: Harvard University
Robert Yerkes earned his Ph.D. in Psychology from Harvard University in 1902.
How did Yerkes manage the significant debts incurred during his education?
Answer: By taking on multiple teaching and research positions after Harvard.
Yerkes managed his educational debts by accepting various teaching and research positions following his graduation from Harvard.
How did Robert Yerkes's educational path diverge from his initial aspiration?
Answer: He chose Harvard's graduate program in Biology over medical training in Philadelphia.
Initially aspiring to be a physician, Yerkes ultimately chose graduate studies in Biology at Harvard over medical training in Philadelphia, where his academic focus shifted towards animal behavior.
Where was Robert Yerkes born?
Answer: Ivyland, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Robert Yerkes was born in Breadysville, Pennsylvania, which is located near Ivyland in Bucks County.
Yerkes earned his Ph.D. in Biology from Harvard.
Answer: False
Robert Yerkes earned his Ph.D. in Psychology from Harvard University in 1902, not in Biology.
Yerkes worked at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital before completing his Ph.D. at Harvard.
Answer: False
Yerkes worked at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital after completing his Ph.D. at Harvard, as a means to supplement his income.
What was Robert Yerkes's initial career aspiration before attending college?
Answer: To become a physician
Robert Yerkes's initial career aspiration was to become a physician.
During World War I, Yerkes chaired the Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits for the APA.
Answer: True
As president of the APA in 1917, Yerkes chaired the Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits, contributing to the war effort.
The Army Alpha and Army Beta tests were the first nonverbal group tests developed for U.S. soldiers.
Answer: True
The Army Alpha and Army Beta tests, developed under Yerkes's leadership, were the first nonverbal group intelligence tests administered to U.S. soldiers.
Critics argued that the Army Alpha test accurately measured innate intelligence without any cultural bias.
Answer: False
Critics argued that the Army Alpha test contained cultural biases and measured acculturation rather than innate intelligence.
Yerkes used intelligence test results to argue for the intellectual superiority of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe compared to Northern Europe.
Answer: False
Yerkes used intelligence test results to argue for the intellectual inferiority of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe compared to Northern Europe.
Yerkes's work contributed to American xenophobia and influenced harsh immigration restrictions.
Answer: True
Yerkes's interpretations of intelligence test data contributed to xenophobia and influenced the implementation of restrictive immigration policies.
Yerkes was appointed as an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' to the Senate Committee on Immigration.
Answer: False
Yerkes was appointed as an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' to the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, not the Senate Committee.
Robert Yerkes introduced the National Origins Formula based on his eugenic beliefs.
Answer: False
While Yerkes's work contributed to the climate that led to the National Origins Formula, he did not introduce it himself; he served as an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' on a committee that influenced its development.
In his introduction to Brigham's 'A Study of American Intelligence,' Yerkes warned against 'race deterioration.'
Answer: True
Yerkes's introduction to Brigham's book included a warning about the potential for 'race deterioration,' reflecting eugenic concerns.
Charles Benedict Davenport was a member of the Committee on Inheritance of Mental Traits alongside Robert Yerkes.
Answer: False
Charles Benedict Davenport founded the Eugenics Record Office, and Robert Yerkes served on its Committee on Inheritance of Mental Traits, but Davenport was not a member of that specific committee alongside Yerkes; rather, he founded the office and Yerkes chaired the committee.
The 'Velvet Joe' question on the Army Alpha test demonstrated its focus on innate cognitive ability.
Answer: False
The 'Velvet Joe' question, requiring knowledge of a specific tobacco advertisement, demonstrated the Army Alpha test's cultural bias rather than its focus on innate cognitive ability.
Modern academics consider Yerkes's views on eugenics to be unbiased and scientifically sound.
Answer: False
Modern academics widely regard Yerkes's views on eugenics as influenced by outdated, biased racialist theories and lacking scientific rigor.
Yerkes's work on intelligence testing was used to argue for the intellectual inferiority of certain immigrant groups.
Answer: True
Yerkes's interpretations of intelligence test results were utilized to support arguments positing the intellectual inferiority of specific immigrant populations.
Yerkes's interpretation of intelligence test results was used to support arguments against 'race deterioration.'
Answer: False
Yerkes's interpretation of intelligence test results was used to support arguments *for* the concept of 'race deterioration,' suggesting certain groups posed a threat.
The Eugenics Record Office was founded by Robert Yerkes.
Answer: False
The Eugenics Record Office was founded by Charles Benedict Davenport, although Robert Yerkes was involved with its Committee on Inheritance of Mental Traits.
Critics argued the Army Alpha test accurately measured innate intelligence across different cultures.
Answer: False
Critics argued the Army Alpha test contained cultural biases and did not accurately measure innate intelligence across diverse cultural backgrounds.
How are Robert Yerkes's views on eugenics generally perceived by modern academics?
Answer: As influenced by outdated and biased racialist theories.
Contemporary academic consensus views Yerkes's eugenic perspectives as rooted in outdated and biased racialist theories, rather than sound scientific principles.
In what capacity did Yerkes contribute to the development of the National Origins Formula?
Answer: As an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization.
Yerkes served as an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, contributing his expertise to the context surrounding the National Origins Formula.
Who founded the Eugenics Record Office, where Yerkes served on a committee?
Answer: Charles Benedict Davenport
The Eugenics Record Office was founded by Charles Benedict Davenport, who was Yerkes's former teacher at Harvard.
How did Yerkes's interpretation of intelligence test results influence American sentiment?
Answer: It contributed to xenophobia and fueled support for restrictive immigration policies.
Yerkes's findings from intelligence tests were used to argue for the intellectual inferiority of certain immigrant groups, thereby contributing to xenophobia and supporting restrictive immigration policies.
In what capacity did Yerkes contribute to the development of the National Origins Formula?
Answer: As an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization.
Yerkes served as an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, contributing his expertise to the context surrounding the National Origins Formula.
What specific example illustrates the cultural bias in the Army Alpha intelligence test?
Answer: A question requiring knowledge of a specific tobacco advertisement ('Velvet Joe').
The 'Velvet Joe' question, which asked respondents to identify the product advertised, exemplified the cultural bias in the Army Alpha test, as it required familiarity with specific American commercial culture.
What connection did Yerkes draw between his eugenics views and immigration?
Answer: He used intelligence test results to support arguments against 'race deterioration' linked to certain immigrant groups.
Yerkes utilized intelligence test results to bolster arguments concerning 'race deterioration,' suggesting that certain immigrant groups posed a threat to the nation's perceived intellectual quality.
What was Yerkes's specific role within the Eugenics Record Office's structure?
Answer: Chairman of the Committee on Inheritance of Mental Traits
Robert Yerkes served as the Chairman of the Committee on Inheritance of Mental Traits within the Eugenics Record Office.
How did Yerkes's work with intelligence testing contribute to immigration policy?
Answer: By providing data used to argue for the intellectual inferiority of certain immigrant groups, justifying restrictions.
Yerkes's intelligence testing research provided data interpreted to argue for the intellectual inferiority of specific immigrant groups, thereby supporting the justification for restrictive immigration policies.
What significant role did Yerkes play in the American Psychological Association (APA) during World War I?
Answer: He chaired the Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits.
During World War I, Robert Yerkes, serving as APA president, chaired the Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits, a significant contribution to the war effort.
What was a key characteristic of the Army Alpha and Army Beta Intelligence Tests as described in the source?
Answer: They were the first nonverbal group tests administered to soldiers.
The Army Alpha and Army Beta Intelligence Tests were notable for being the first nonverbal group tests administered on a large scale to U.S. soldiers during World War I.
Yerkes's appointment as an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' was to which committee?
Answer: The House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization
Robert Yerkes was appointed as an 'Expert Eugenic Agent' to the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization.
The Yerkes National Primate Research Center was originally established at Emory University.
Answer: False
The Yerkes National Primate Research Center was originally established at Yale University before moving to Emory University.
The purpose of the Committee for Research in Problems of Sex, led by Yerkes, was to secure funding for primate research.
Answer: True
Yerkes's leadership of the NRC Committee for Research in Problems of Sex helped him establish connections with philanthropic foundations that provided crucial funding for his primate research.
Yerkes developed a strong fascination with chimpanzees after purchasing two, Chim and Panzee, and keeping them at home.
Answer: True
Yerkes's fascination with chimpanzees began when he purchased two, Chim and Panzee, and kept them in his home, which inspired his book 'Almost Human'.
Yerkes established the Yale University Laboratories of Primate Biology in Orange Park, Florida.
Answer: False
Yerkes established the Yale University Laboratories of Primate Biology in New Haven, Connecticut, and later the Anthropoid Breeding and Experiment Station in Orange Park, Florida.
Yerkes's bonobo, Chim, died during his visit to Rosalía Abreu's primate colony in Cuba.
Answer: True
Yerkes's bonobo, Chim, tragically died during his visit to Rosalía Abreu's primate colony in Cuba in 1924.
Yerkish is a primate language developed at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center.
Answer: True
Yerkish, a primate language, was developed at the Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology, which later became the Yerkes National Primate Research Center.
The Yerkes National Primate Research Center was originally established at Emory University.
Answer: False
The Yerkes National Primate Research Center was originally established at Yale University before moving to Emory University.
Yerkes's early work with primates laid the foundation for the Yerkes National Primate Research Center.
Answer: True
Yerkes's foundational research and establishment of primate facilities at Yale and Florida directly led to the creation of the Yerkes National Primate Research Center.
Yerkes purchased his first chimpanzees from a zoo to study their social behavior.
Answer: True
Yerkes acquired his initial chimpanzees, Chim and Panzee, from a zoo, which sparked his deep interest in their social behavior and intelligence.
What was the significance of Yerkes's 1924 visit to Rosalía Abreu's primate colony in Cuba?
Answer: It provided him with valuable insights for his own primate research efforts.
Yerkes's visit to Rosalía Abreu's primate colony in Cuba offered valuable insights that informed his subsequent primate research endeavors.
What was a significant outcome of Yerkes directing the Committee for Research in Problems of Sex?
Answer: It helped him establish connections with philanthropic foundations for primate research funding.
Leading the NRC Committee for Research in Problems of Sex allowed Yerkes to forge connections with philanthropic foundations, which subsequently provided funding for his primate research.
Where was the facility that became the Yerkes National Primate Research Center originally established?
Answer: Yale University, New Haven
The primate research facility that eventually became the Yerkes National Primate Research Center was initially established at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.
What does Robert Yerkes's 1924 book "Almost Human" primarily document?
Answer: His observations of his pet chimpanzee, Chim.
Robert Yerkes's 1924 book, 'Almost Human,' primarily documented his observations and experiences with his bonobo chimpanzee, Chim.
After its initial establishment at Yale, where did the primate research facility move?
Answer: To Emory University
The primate research facility, originally established at Yale University, was later moved to Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia.
Which foundation provided funding for Yerkes's Anthropoid Breeding and Experiment Station?
Answer: The Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation provided significant funding for Yerkes's Anthropoid Breeding and Experiment Station in Orange Park, Florida.
What sparked Yerkes's initial strong fascination with chimpanzees?
Answer: Purchasing two chimpanzees and keeping them at home.
Yerkes's profound fascination with chimpanzees began when he purchased two, Chim and Panzee, and kept them in his home, which led to his extensive research.
What unfortunate event occurred during Yerkes's 1924 visit to Rosalía Abreu's primate colony?
Answer: His bonobo chimpanzee, Chim, died.
During Robert Yerkes's 1924 visit to Rosalía Abreu's primate colony, his bonobo chimpanzee, Chim, tragically died.
Robert Yerkes published his first book, 'The Dancing Mouse: A Study in Animal Behavior,' in 1907.
Answer: True
Robert Yerkes's first book, 'The Dancing Mouse: A Study in Animal Behavior,' was published in 1907.
John B. Watson was an academic rival of Robert Yerkes during their early careers.
Answer: False
John B. Watson was a friend and collaborator of Robert Yerkes during their early careers, not an academic rival.
Robert Yerkes was a member of the Wicht Club, which existed from 1903 to 1911.
Answer: True
Robert Yerkes was indeed a member of the Wicht Club during its existence from 1903 to 1911.
Robert Yerkes served as the president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1917.
Answer: True
Robert Yerkes held the esteemed position of president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in the year 1917.
After World War I, Yerkes led the National Research Council (NRC) Committee for Research in Problems of Sex.
Answer: True
Following World War I, Yerkes directed the National Research Council's Committee for Research in Problems of Sex.
Robert Yerkes retired in 1942 and was succeeded by John B. Watson.
Answer: False
Robert Yerkes retired in 1942, but he was succeeded by Karl Lashley, not John B. Watson.
Robert Yerkes pronounced his name as YER-keez.
Answer: True
According to his own indication, Robert Yerkes pronounced his name as 'YER-keez'.
Emory University removed Yerkes's name from the National Primate Research Center due to his contributions to primatology.
Answer: False
Emory University removed Yerkes's name from the research center primarily due to his historical support for eugenics, not his contributions to primatology.
The Yerkes National Primate Research Center was renamed the Emory National Primate Research Center, effective June 1, 2022.
Answer: True
Effective June 1, 2022, the Yerkes National Primate Research Center was renamed the Emory National Primate Research Center following the removal of Yerkes's name.
'Chimpanzees; a laboratory colony' is listed as one of Robert Yerkes's notable publications.
Answer: True
'Chimpanzees; a laboratory colony' is indeed listed among Robert Yerkes's significant publications.
Robert Yerkes was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1915.
Answer: False
Robert Yerkes was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1936, not 1915.
The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that performance decreases linearly as arousal levels increase.
Answer: False
The Yerkes-Dodson law posits an inverted U-shaped relationship, suggesting performance increases with arousal up to a point, then decreases, rather than decreasing linearly.
The Yerkes-Dodson law was formulated solely by Robert Yerkes.
Answer: False
The Yerkes-Dodson law was formulated by Robert Yerkes in collaboration with John D. Dodson.
Yerkes's book 'Almost Human' (1924) documented his research on the Yerkes-Dodson law.
Answer: False
'Almost Human' (1924) documented Yerkes's observations of his chimpanzee, Chim, not his research on the Yerkes-Dodson law.
Robert Yerkes pioneered fields such as comparative psychology and psychobiology.
Answer: True
Robert Yerkes is recognized as a pioneer in comparative psychology and psychobiology, among other fields.
Robert Yerkes retired in 1942 and was succeeded by John B. Watson.
Answer: False
Robert Yerkes retired in 1942, but Karl Lashley succeeded him as Director of the Primate Biology Laboratories.
Yerkes pronounced his name as YER-kes.
Answer: False
Robert Yerkes indicated that his name was pronounced 'YER-keez'.
Emory University removed Yerkes's name from the research center due to his contributions to primatology.
Answer: False
Emory University removed Yerkes's name from the research center primarily due to his historical support for eugenics, not his contributions to primatology.
The Wicht Club was a group focused on primate research founded by Yerkes.
Answer: False
The Wicht Club was a group Yerkes was a member of, but it was not founded by him, nor was it solely focused on primate research.
Yerkes was president of the APA during World War II.
Answer: False
Robert Yerkes served as president of the APA in 1917, during World War I, not during World War II.
What were Robert Mearns Yerkes's primary fields of study?
Answer: Primatology and Ethology
Robert Yerkes's primary fields of study included primatology, ethology, comparative psychology, and intelligence testing.
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the relationship between arousal and performance?
Answer: Performance improves with arousal up to a point, then declines.
The Yerkes-Dodson law posits that performance is optimal at a moderate level of arousal, increasing with arousal up to a point, after which it declines.
What was the title and year of Robert Yerkes's first published book?
Answer: "The Dancing Mouse: A Study in Animal Behavior" (1907)
Robert Yerkes's first published book was titled 'The Dancing Mouse: A Study in Animal Behavior' and was released in 1907.
What was the professional relationship between Robert Yerkes and John B. Watson?
Answer: They were friends and collaborators during their early careers.
John B. Watson and Robert Yerkes maintained a relationship of friendship and collaboration during their early professional careers.
Who succeeded Robert Yerkes as Director of the Primate Biology Laboratories in 1942?
Answer: Karl Lashley
Upon Robert Yerkes's retirement in 1942, Karl Lashley assumed the directorship of the Primate Biology Laboratories.
How did Robert Yerkes pronounce his own name?
Answer: YER-keez
Robert Yerkes indicated that his name was pronounced 'YER-keez'.
Why did Emory University remove Robert Yerkes's name from its National Primate Research Center in 2022?
Answer: Because of Yerkes's past support for eugenics.
Emory University removed Yerkes's name from the primate center due to concerns regarding his historical support for eugenics.
Which of the following is listed as one of Robert Yerkes's notable publications?
Answer: "Chimpanzees; a laboratory colony"
'Chimpanzees; a laboratory colony' is listed as one of Robert Yerkes's notable publications.
In which year was Robert Yerkes elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences?
Answer: 1923
Robert Yerkes was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1923.
The Yerkes-Dodson law is fundamental in understanding how which factor affects task completion?
Answer: Arousal or stimulation levels
The Yerkes-Dodson law primarily addresses the relationship between arousal levels and task performance.
In what year was Robert Yerkes's book "The Great Apes" published?
Answer: 1929
Robert Yerkes's book 'The Great Apes' was published in 1929.
What was the new name of the primate research center after Yerkes's name was removed, effective June 1, 2022?
Answer: The Emory National Primate Research Center
Effective June 1, 2022, the primate research center was renamed the Emory National Primate Research Center after Yerkes's name was removed.
Who are the two individuals credited with developing the Yerkes-Dodson law?
Answer: John D. Dodson and Robert Yerkes
The Yerkes-Dodson law was formulated by Robert Yerkes in collaboration with John D. Dodson.
What subject matter was primarily addressed in Robert Yerkes's first book, "The Dancing Mouse"?
Answer: Animal behavior studies
Robert Yerkes's first book, 'The Dancing Mouse: A Study in Animal Behavior,' primarily focused on studies of animal behavior.
In what year did Robert Yerkes serve as president of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
Answer: 1917
Robert Yerkes served as the president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1917.
The removal of Yerkes's name from the primate center by Emory University was primarily a response to concerns about his:
Answer: Support for eugenics
Emory University removed Yerkes's name from the research center primarily due to concerns regarding his historical support for eugenics.
Besides primatology, which fields did Robert Yerkes significantly pioneer or contribute to?
Answer: Comparative Psychology and Intelligence Testing
Robert Yerkes made significant pioneering contributions to comparative psychology and intelligence testing, in addition to his work in primatology.
What does the Yerkes-Dodson law suggest about optimal performance?
Answer: It occurs at a moderate level of arousal.
The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that optimal performance is achieved at a moderate level of arousal.
What was the recommendation of Emory's Committee on Naming Honors regarding the Yerkes Center?
Answer: To change the name due to Yerkes's past support for eugenics.
Emory's Committee on Naming Honors recommended changing the name of the primate center due to Robert Yerkes's historical association with eugenics.
Which of these academic societies elected Robert Yerkes as a member?
Answer: The American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Robert Yerkes was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1915.
Emory University removed Yerkes's name from the research center due to his contributions to primatology.
Answer: False
Emory University removed Yerkes's name from the research center primarily due to concerns regarding his historical support for eugenics, not his contributions to primatology.