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Rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) are primarily designed for engaging armored targets.
Answer: True
While RPGs can be used against various targets, their primary design and most effective application is against armored vehicles and fortifications.
What is the primary intended purpose of most Rocket-Propelled Grenades (RPGs)?
Answer: Anti-tank engagement
RPGs are primarily designed as shoulder-fired anti-tank weapons, effective against armored vehicles and fortifications.
The German Tankgewehr M1918 was the first weapon specifically designed to counter tanks.
Answer: True
The Tankgewehr M1918, a large-caliber anti-tank rifle developed during World War I, is recognized as the first firearm specifically designed for the purpose of defeating armored vehicles.
Before the advent of dedicated anti-tank guns and RPGs, early artillery pieces were sometimes used against tanks by depressing their barrels to fire directly.
Answer: True
In the early days of tank warfare, standard field artillery guns were often depressed to engage tanks directly, as specialized anti-tank weaponry had not yet been widely developed.
The requirement for man-portable anti-tank weapons like RPGs arose partly because early anti-tank guns were too heavy for infantry.
Answer: True
The development of man-portable anti-tank weapons was driven by the need for infantry units to engage armored vehicles effectively, a capability limited by the weight and logistical requirements of early towed anti-tank guns.
The American bazooka, British PIAT, and German Panzerfaust were significant portable anti-tank weapons developed during World War II, predating the widespread adoption of modern RPGs.
Answer: True
Weapons like the bazooka, PIAT, and Panzerfaust were crucial developments in portable anti-tank warfare during World War II, laying groundwork for later RPG designs.
How did early artillery attempt to counter tanks before dedicated anti-tank guns?
Answer: By firing standard field guns depressed to aim directly at tanks.
Initially, artillery pieces were often depressed to fire directly at tanks, before the development of specialized anti-tank guns and ammunition.
What characteristic of early anti-tank guns limited their utility for infantry?
Answer: They were often heavy and required towed platforms.
The weight and need for towed platforms for early anti-tank guns made them difficult for infantry to deploy and maneuver effectively.
Which of these was a significant portable anti-tank weapon developed during World War II?
Answer: PIAT (Projector, Infantry, Anti-Tank)
The PIAT was a notable British portable anti-tank weapon used extensively during World War II.
RPGs achieve propulsion through a rocket motor, not an internal combustion engine.
Answer: True
RPGs are propelled by a rocket motor, which ignites after launch to provide sustained thrust, distinguishing them from weapons using internal combustion.
Shaped-charge warheads on RPGs penetrate armor by forming a high-velocity jet of metal, not by melting.
Answer: True
Shaped charges utilize a conical liner that collapses upon detonation to form a focused jet of molten metal, which penetrates armor through kinetic force and extreme pressure, not by melting the armor itself.
The RPG-7 launches its rocket using a low-powered booster charge that ignites after the rocket has traveled a short distance, followed by a sustainer motor.
Answer: True
The RPG-7 employs a two-stage propulsion system: a booster charge launches the projectile from the tube, and a sustainer motor ignites shortly after to provide sustained flight.
Tandem HEAT warheads are designed to defeat explosive reactive armor (ERA) by using two shaped charges sequentially; the first detonates the ERA, clearing the path for the second.
Answer: True
Tandem HEAT warheads employ a precursor charge to defeat ERA before the main charge impacts the underlying armor, thereby enhancing penetration against protected targets.
Thermobaric warheads provide a different destructive effect, based on fuel-air explosion principles, compared to the focused jet penetration of standard HEAT rounds.
Answer: True
Thermobaric warheads create a large blast wave and intense heat by dispersing an aerosolized explosive, differing significantly from the kinetic penetration mechanism of HEAT warheads.
Specialized RPG warheads exist for illumination, smoke screening, and delivering tear gas.
Answer: True
Beyond anti-armor and high-explosive variants, RPGs can be fitted with specialized warheads for non-combat roles such as illumination, smoke generation, and chemical agent delivery.
How does a rocket motor contribute to an RPG's flight?
Answer: It ignites after launch to provide sustained propulsion.
The rocket motor ignites after the projectile leaves the launcher, providing sustained thrust to propel it towards the target.
What is the fundamental principle behind a shaped-charge warhead's armor penetration?
Answer: A focused jet of metal, created by explosive energy, penetrates via kinetic force.
Shaped charges focus explosive energy to form a high-velocity jet of metal that penetrates armor through kinetic impact, not thermal effects.
What distinguishes the RPG-7's propulsion system from the German Panzerfaust?
Answer: The RPG-7 launches its projectile with a booster charge, followed by a sustainer motor, unlike the Panzerfaust's single charge.
The RPG-7's two-stage propulsion (booster and sustainer) differs from the Panzerfaust's single-stage propellant charge system.
What type of warhead is specifically designed for use against armored vehicles?
Answer: High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)
High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warheads are specifically engineered to penetrate the armor of vehicles using a focused jet of metal.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a specialized RPG warhead type in the source?
Answer: Anti-aircraft
The source lists illumination, smoke screening, and tear gas delivery as specialized RPG warhead types, but does not mention anti-aircraft warheads.
The PG-30 round used in the RPG-30 can penetrate over 600 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) after defeating reactive armor.
Answer: True
The PG-30 projectile is documented to possess significant penetration capabilities, exceeding 600 mm of RHA even after overcoming reactive armor defenses.
The PG-7VL round for the RPG-7 can penetrate approximately 500 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
Answer: True
The PG-7VL variant of the RPG-7 warhead is rated for approximately 500 mm of penetration against RHA.
The PG-7VR round for the RPG-7 can penetrate approximately 750 mm of RHA after defeating ERA.
Answer: False
The PG-7VR round for the RPG-7 is stated to penetrate approximately 600 mm of RHA after defeating ERA, not 750 mm.
The RPG-27's PG-27 round is stated to penetrate approximately 750 mm of RHA after defeating ERA.
Answer: True
The PG-27 round, utilized by the RPG-27 launcher, is reported to achieve penetration of approximately 750 mm of RHA after overcoming ERA.
The RPG-28's round is capable of penetrating around 1,000 mm of RHA after defeating ERA.
Answer: True
The RPG-28 is equipped with a powerful warhead capable of penetrating approximately 1,000 mm of RHA after defeating ERA.
The RPG-18 'Muha (Fly)' has a penetration capability of approximately 300 mm of RHA.
Answer: False
The RPG-18 'Muha (Fly)' is stated to have a penetration capability of approximately 375 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
The RPG-22 'Netto' can penetrate approximately 500 mm of RHA.
Answer: False
The RPG-22 'Netto' is stated to have a penetration capability of approximately 400 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
The RPG-26 is capable of penetrating around 500 mm of RHA.
Answer: True
The RPG-26 is documented to have a penetration capability of approximately 500 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
The RPG-16 is noted for its penetration capability of approximately 300 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
Answer: True
The RPG-16 is rated for approximately 300 mm of penetration against rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
What is the stated penetration capability of the PG-30 round against rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) after defeating reactive armor?
Answer: Over 600 mm
The PG-30 round is reported to penetrate over 600 mm of RHA after successfully defeating reactive armor.
What is the approximate penetration capability of the RPG-7's PG-7VL round against RHA?
Answer: 500 mm
The PG-7VL warhead for the RPG-7 is rated for approximately 500 mm of penetration against rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
What is the approximate penetration capability of the RPG-7's PG-7VR round against RHA after defeating ERA?
Answer: 600 mm
The PG-7VR round for the RPG-7 is capable of penetrating approximately 600 mm of RHA after overcoming explosive reactive armor (ERA).
What is the stated penetration capability of the RPG-28's round against RHA after ERA?
Answer: 1000 mm
The RPG-28 is noted for its high penetration capability, stated to be around 1,000 mm of RHA after defeating ERA.
What is the stated penetration capability of the RPG-26 against RHA?
Answer: 500 mm
The RPG-26 is documented to have a penetration capability of approximately 500 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
Single-use RPGs, such as the M72 LAW, are disposable units and are not designed to be reloaded.
Answer: True
Single-use RPGs are designed as self-contained units where the launcher is discarded after a single firing, unlike reloadable systems like the RPG-7.
The RPG-7 is considered the most globally distributed and recognized RPG model.
Answer: True
The RPG-7 has achieved widespread proliferation and recognition due to its robust design, relative simplicity, and effectiveness, making it one of the most common portable anti-armor weapons worldwide.
The RPG-30 uses a precursor round to trigger a tank's Active Protection System (APS) before the main warhead impacts.
Answer: True
The RPG-30 incorporates a unique countermeasure against APS by firing a preliminary round designed to activate the system, allowing the main warhead to strike the target unimpeded.
The RPG-32's PG-32V round is designed primarily for engaging armored targets, not infantry and light structures.
Answer: True
The PG-32V round for the RPG-32 is a HEAT warhead designed for anti-armor applications, with a penetration capability of approximately 650 mm of RHA.
The RMG warhead for the RPG-27 is primarily intended for bunker busting and engaging soil structures, not heavily armored tanks.
Answer: True
The RMG warhead for the RPG-27 has a penetration capability of around 120 mm of RHA, indicating its design focus on softer targets like bunkers and fortifications rather than heavy armor.
The Panzerfaust 3 is an example of a modern German development in RPG technology.
Answer: True
The Panzerfaust 3 represents a continuation of German innovation in RPG technology, demonstrating ongoing development in this weapon class.
How does the RPG-30's design specifically counter Active Protection Systems (APS)?
Answer: By firing a precursor round to trigger the APS before the main warhead.
The RPG-30 employs a precursor round designed to activate a tank's APS, creating an opening for the main warhead to strike the target effectively.
The RPG-7 is considered significant primarily because it is:
Answer: The most widely distributed and recognized RPG globally.
The RPG-7's global proliferation and widespread recognition stem from its robust design and effectiveness, making it a benchmark in portable anti-armor weaponry.
The RMG warhead for the RPG-27 is primarily intended for what type of target?
Answer: Bunker busting and soil structures
The RMG warhead's lower penetration capability suggests its design focus is on targets like bunkers and fortifications rather than heavily armored vehicles.
RPGs with High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warheads are generally less effective against modern, heavily armored vehicles compared to lightly armored ones.
Answer: True
While HEAT warheads are highly effective against lighter armor, modern main battle tanks often feature thicker composite or reactive armor layers that can significantly degrade or defeat the penetration capabilities of standard RPG warheads.
While effective against lighter armor, RPGs are generally less effective against modern main battle tanks equipped with advanced composite or reactive armor.
Answer: True
Modern tanks incorporate advanced armor systems, including composite materials and explosive reactive armor (ERA), which are specifically designed to mitigate or neutralize the effects of shaped-charge warheads found on RPGs.
Modern armies employ a combination of defenses against RPGs, including composite armor, explosive reactive armor (ERA), and active protection systems (APS), rather than relying solely on thick composite armor.
Answer: True
Vehicle protection against RPGs has evolved beyond simple thick armor to include layered composite materials, reactive armor that disrupts the shaped charge jet, and active protection systems designed to intercept incoming projectiles.
Cage armor, or mesh wire, is designed to trigger RPG warheads prematurely upon contact, thereby dissipating their energy before they strike the main armor.
Answer: True
Cage armor functions as a standoff protection measure by initiating the detonation of RPG warheads at a distance from the vehicle's primary armor, reducing the effectiveness of the shaped charge jet.
Well-sloped armor increases the effective thickness that an RPG warhead must penetrate, thus affecting its penetration capability.
Answer: True
The angle of impact significantly influences the penetration of shaped charges; sloped armor forces the jet to travel through a greater thickness of material, reducing its effectiveness.
What specific defensive measure are tandem HEAT warheads designed to overcome?
Answer: Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA)
Tandem HEAT warheads are specifically engineered to defeat Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) by using a precursor charge to neutralize the ERA before the main charge impacts the underlying armor.
What was the purpose of fitting vehicles with 'cage armor' or mesh wire in relation to RPGs?
Answer: To trigger the RPG warhead prematurely, dissipating its energy.
Cage armor is designed to detonate RPG warheads upon contact, thereby reducing their effectiveness against the vehicle's primary armor.
How did RPGs contribute to the evolution of tank defenses?
Answer: They led to the widespread adoption of reactive armor and improved composite armors.
The increasing threat posed by RPGs spurred the development and integration of advanced defensive measures such as reactive armor and more sophisticated composite armor arrays on tanks.
The RPG-29's effectiveness against advanced tanks was demonstrated when it damaged a Challenger 2 in Iraq in 2006.
Answer: True
An incident in Iraq in 2006 where an RPG-29 damaged a British Challenger 2 tank highlighted the weapon's capability against heavily protected modern armor, prompting further analysis and defensive upgrades.
Unlike traditional muzzle-loaded RPG systems like the Soviet RPG-7, the U.S. military primarily utilizes breech-loaded systems such as the M3 MAAWS and Mk 153 SMAW.
Answer: True
Modern U.S. systems like the MAAWS and SMAW are breech-loaded, allowing for faster reloading and different operational characteristics compared to the muzzle-loaded RPG-7.
During the Chechen Wars, Chechen rebels commonly employed RPGs from elevated positions to target the weaker top armor of tanks, rather than primarily in open fields.
Answer: True
Urban combat environments provided Chechen fighters with advantageous elevated firing positions, allowing them to target the less protected top armor of Russian tanks.
RPGs are not vulnerable to electronic countermeasures like jamming because they are unguided weapons lacking the electronic systems targeted by such measures.
Answer: True
Electronic countermeasures are designed to disrupt guided munitions or communication systems; unguided RPGs, lacking these electronic components, are inherently immune to such interference.
The first documented militant use of RPGs mentioned in the text involved Carlos the Jackal at Orly Airport in 1975.
Answer: True
The text cites the 1975 attack at Orly Airport by Carlos the Jackal, using RPG-7 grenades against an El Al airliner, as an early instance of RPGs in terrorist activities.
The self-destruct timer on some RPG rounds was used tactically in Afghanistan to create an area denial effect.
Answer: True
The self-destruct timer, typically around 4.5 seconds, ensures that rounds that miss their target detonate in the air, which could be used tactically to create suppressive fire or area denial.
Early RPG models, such as the German Panzerschreck, posed a risk to the operator from the rocket motor's backblast, necessitating protective shields.
Answer: True
The intense backblast from early RPG rocket motors presented a safety hazard to the operator, leading to the incorporation of protective shields on launchers like the Panzerschreck.
An RPG is functionally distinct from a recoilless rifle; while both are shoulder-fired, an RPG uses a rocket motor for propulsion after launch, whereas a recoilless rifle vents propellant charge rearward.
Answer: True
While both are shoulder-fired, RPGs utilize a rocket motor for propulsion, whereas recoilless rifles expel propellant gases rearward to counteract recoil, representing different operational principles.
According to the source, what is the primary reason RPGs are resistant to electronic countermeasures?
Answer: They are unguided weapons lacking the electronic systems targeted by countermeasures.
RPGs are unguided projectiles and do not possess the electronic guidance or targeting systems that electronic countermeasures are designed to disrupt.
Which incident highlighted the threat posed by the RPG-29 to modern tanks like the Challenger 2?
Answer: An incident in Iraq in 2006 where it damaged a Challenger 2.
The damage sustained by a Challenger 2 tank from an RPG-29 in Iraq in 2006 served as a significant demonstration of the weapon's effectiveness against advanced armored vehicles.
How did Chechen rebels commonly employ RPGs in urban warfare against tanks?
Answer: From elevated positions, targeting the weaker top armor.
Chechen rebels utilized urban structures to gain advantageous firing positions, targeting the top armor of tanks, which is typically less protected.
What tactical advantage did Mujahideen fighters use with RPG-7s in Afghanistan?
Answer: Using 'hunter-killer' teams targeting specific vehicles.
Mujahideen fighters often employed coordinated 'hunter-killer' teams, where multiple RPG operators focused on disabling and destroying individual vehicles.
What safety concern was associated with early RPG models like the Panzerschreck?
Answer: Risk to the operator from the rocket motor's backblast.
Early RPGs, such as the Panzerschreck, posed a risk to the operator due to the powerful backblast from the rocket motor, necessitating safety measures like protective shields.