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Total Categories: 7
Before becoming king, Rothari served as the Duke of Milan.
Answer: False
The source material indicates that Rothari was the Duke of Brescia before becoming king, not the Duke of Milan.
Rothari's father was named Arodus, and he belonged to the Harodingian dynasty.
Answer: False
The source indicates Rothari's father was named Nanding, not Arodus, although he did belong to the Harodingian dynasty.
What was Rothari's title and position before he became King of the Lombards?
Answer: He was the Duke of Brescia.
Before ascending to the throne, Rothari held the position of Duke of Brescia.
Which of the following accurately describes the 'house of Arodus' in relation to Rothari?
Answer: It indicated Rothari's lineage or family affiliation, tracing back to an ancestor named Arodus.
The phrase 'house of Arodus' signifies Rothari's lineage, suggesting Arodus was an ancestor within his family's history in the Lombard nobility.
Rothari reigned as the King of the Lombards from 636 to 652 AD.
Answer: True
The provided information confirms that Rothari reigned as King of the Lombards from 636 to 652 AD.
Rothari was born around 606 and died in 652, making him approximately 46 years old at death.
Answer: True
Based on the provided dates, Rothari was born circa 606 and died in 652, indicating an age of approximately 45-46 years at his death.
Rothari was succeeded as King of the Lombards by his brother, Rodoald.
Answer: False
Rothari was succeeded by his son, Rodoald, not his brother.
According to Fredegar's Chronicle, Rothari initiated his reign by executing many insubordinate nobles.
Answer: True
Fredegar's Chronicle documents that Rothari commenced his rule with the execution of numerous insubordinate nobles.
Rothari attempted to strengthen the monarchy by granting more autonomy to the dukes.
Answer: False
Contrary to strengthening the monarchy through ducal autonomy, Rothari worked to reinforce central royal authority by overcoming resistance from the dukes, aiming to consolidate power.
Rothari's reign embodied the integration of Romanized court practices and the codification of Lombard law.
Answer: True
Rothari's reign exemplified the fusion of Romanized court practices, influenced by earlier rulers, with the formal codification of Lombard law through his Edictum.
Who was Rothari, and what was the duration of his reign as King of the Lombards?
Answer: Rothari was the King of the Lombards, ruling from 636 to 652.
Rothari reigned as the King of the Lombards from 636 to 652 AD.
According to Fredegar's Chronicle, what were Rothari's initial actions upon beginning his reign?
Answer: He executed many insubordinate nobles and enforced strict discipline.
Fredegar's Chronicle indicates that Rothari began his reign by executing insubordinate nobles and enforcing strict discipline.
Rothari promulgated the 'Edictum Rothari' in 743 AD.
Answer: False
The 'Edictum Rothari' was promulgated by King Rothari in 642 or 643 AD, not 743 AD.
The Edict of Rothari was the first written codification of Lombard customary laws.
Answer: True
The Edictum Rothari is recognized as the first written codification of Lombard customary laws.
The Edictum Rothari was composed in the Lombard language and affirmed in a popular assembly.
Answer: False
The Edictum Rothari was written in Latin, not the Lombard vernacular. While it was affirmed in a 'gairethinx' (a formal assembly), the language was Latin.
The Edictum Rothari provided a lasting legal framework and marked a step in the institutional consolidation of Lombard rule.
Answer: True
The Edictum Rothari established a durable legal structure and significantly contributed to the institutional consolidation of Lombard governance.
The Edictum Rothari helped preserve Lombard customs by documenting them in written form.
Answer: True
By codifying Lombard customary laws in written form, the Edictum Rothari played a crucial role in preserving these traditions.
Rothari's reign is noted for its lack of significant legislative achievements.
Answer: False
Rothari's reign is highly noted for its significant legislative achievement: the promulgation of the Edictum Rothari, the first written codification of Lombard law.
What significant legal document did Rothari promulgate, and when?
Answer: The Edictum Rothari in 642 or 643.
Rothari promulgated the Edictum Rothari in 642 or 643 AD.
What was the primary basis and significance of the Edictum Rothari?
Answer: It was a compilation of Lombard customary law, representing the first written codification.
The Edictum Rothari was a compilation of Lombard customary law, representing its first written codification, and provided a significant legal framework.
In what language was the Edictum Rothari composed?
Answer: Latin
The Edictum Rothari was written in Latin, the formal language of law and administration in the region.
How did Rothari's reign contribute to the institutional development of the Lombard kingdom?
Answer: By codifying Lombard law for the first time in the Edictum Rothari.
Rothari's reign contributed significantly to institutional development through the promulgation of the Edictum Rothari, the first written codification of Lombard law.
What does the 'gairethinx' mentioned in relation to the Edictum Rothari signify?
Answer: A formal assembly or legal proceeding for affirming laws.
A 'gairethinx' was a formal assembly or legal proceeding used to affirm laws or decisions among the Lombards.
In 641, Rothari conquered Genoa and secured Eastern Roman territories along the Po River, including Oderzo.
Answer: True
Historical records indicate that in 641 AD, Rothari successfully conquered Genoa and secured Eastern Roman territories in the Po River valley, encompassing Oderzo.
Paul the Deacon reported that Rothari captured Roman cities from Luna up to the borders of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna.
Answer: False
Paul the Deacon's account states Rothari's conquests extended from Luna up to the borders of the Frankish territories, which differs from the specific extent mentioned in relation to the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna.
Rothari's conquests significantly diminished the Eastern Roman Empire's holdings in Italy, confining them mainly to Ravenna.
Answer: True
Rothari's military campaigns resulted in a substantial reduction of Eastern Roman territories in Italy, effectively confining their remaining holdings primarily to the area around Ravenna.
The Exarch of Ravenna, Plato, successfully defeated Rothari's forces near Modena.
Answer: False
The Exarch Plato's forces were decisively defeated by Rothari's army near Modena, resulting in significant losses for the Exarch.
Rothari recaptured the city of Oderzo in 645 AD.
Answer: True
Rothari successfully recaptured the city of Oderzo in 645 AD.
Rothari's military campaigns against the Eastern Roman Empire resulted in the loss of significant Lombard territory.
Answer: False
Rothari's military campaigns against the Eastern Roman Empire were successful, resulting in the conquest of territory and a reduction of Byzantine holdings in Italy, not a loss of Lombard territory.
Which major city and region did Rothari conquer in 641?
Answer: Genoa and Eastern Roman territories in the lower Po valley.
In 641, Rothari conquered Genoa and secured Eastern Roman territories in the lower Po valley, including Oderzo.
What was the outcome of the battle where the Exarch of Ravenna, Plato, attempted to regain territory from Rothari?
Answer: Rothari's forces decisively defeated Plato's army, inflicting heavy losses.
The Exarch Plato's forces were decisively defeated by Rothari's army near Modena, resulting in significant losses for the Exarch.
What strategic impact did Rothari's military campaigns have on the Eastern Roman Empire's presence in Italy?
Answer: They confined the Eastern Roman Empire to only the marshlands around Ravenna.
Rothari's military campaigns significantly reduced the Eastern Roman Empire's territory in Italy, confining their remaining holdings primarily to the area around Ravenna.
According to Paul the Deacon, what was the westernmost extent of Rothari's conquests against the Eastern Roman Empire?
Answer: The city of Luna in Tuscany.
Paul the Deacon indicated that Rothari's conquests extended from the city of Luna in Tuscany.
Which of the following was NOT a territory conquered by Rothari?
Answer: Ravenna
While Rothari conquered territories such as Genoa, Oderzo, and regions in the lower Po River valley, Ravenna remained under Eastern Roman control.
Rothari succeeded Arioald as the King of the Lombards and was an adherent of Nicene Christianity.
Answer: False
Rothari succeeded Arioald as King of the Lombards. However, he was an adherent of Arianism, not Nicene Christianity.
Rothari married Gundeberga, the daughter of King Agilulf and Queen Theodelinda.
Answer: True
Historical accounts confirm that Rothari married Gundeberga, the daughter of King Agilulf and Queen Theodelinda.
Gundeberga, a Catholic, married Rothari, an Arian, primarily because Rothari enforced Catholic orthodoxy.
Answer: False
Gundeberga, a Catholic, married Rothari, an Arian, because Rothari demonstrated tolerance towards Catholics, which facilitated their union, not because he enforced Catholic orthodoxy.
Rothari's marriage to Gundeberga helped him align with the Bavarian dynasty.
Answer: True
Rothari's marriage to Gundeberga, a strategy mirroring those used to align with influential dynasties, helped him establish connections with the Bavarian dynasty.
The term 'Arian' refers to a follower of Arianism, a doctrine concerning the nature of Christ, which Rothari adhered to.
Answer: True
The term 'Arian' denotes a follower of Arianism, a theological doctrine concerning Christ's nature, to which Rothari adhered.
Which king did Rothari succeed as the King of the Lombards, and what was Rothari's religious affiliation?
Answer: He succeeded Arioald and was Arian.
Rothari succeeded Arioald as King of the Lombards and adhered to Arianism.
Who was Rothari's wife, and what was her significance in relation to previous rulers?
Answer: She was the daughter of Agilulf and widow of Arioald.
Rothari married Gundeberga, who was the daughter of King Agilulf and Queen Theodelinda, and the widow of his predecessor, Arioald.
Why did Gundeberga, a Catholic, agree to marry Rothari, an Arian?
Answer: Rothari demonstrated tolerance towards Catholics, facilitating their union.
Gundeberga agreed to marry Rothari because he demonstrated tolerance towards Catholics, which facilitated their union despite their differing religious beliefs.
What connection did Rothari's marriage to Gundeberga have to the Bavarian dynasty?
Answer: It mirrored strategies used by rulers to align with powerful existing dynasties like the Bavarians.
Rothari's marriage strategy, including his union with Gundeberga, aligned with patterns of integrating with or aligning to influential dynasties, such as the Bavarians.
Which dynasty ruled Italy immediately before the Lombards established their kingdom in 568?
Answer: The Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths ruled Italy immediately before the Lombards established their kingdom in 568.
Who was the last Lombard King of Italy before the kingdom's fall in 774?
Answer: Desiderius
Desiderius was the last Lombard King of Italy, reigning until the kingdom's fall in 774.
What period is designated as the 'Interregnum' for the Lombards, and what does it signify?
Answer: 574-584, a time without a single king, likely ruled by dukes.
The Lombard 'Interregnum' occurred from 574 to 584, signifying a period without a singular king, likely governed collectively by the dukes.
Which dynasty took control of Italy after the fall of the Lombard kingdom in 774?
Answer: The Carolingian dynasty
The Carolingian dynasty assumed control of Italy following the collapse of the Lombard kingdom in 774.
An 11th-century manuscript known as the 'Codex Legum Longobardorum' contains an illustration of King Rothari.
Answer: True
The 'Codex Legum Longobardorum', dating from the 11th century, indeed contains a depiction of King Rothari.
Rothari's most significant legacy is considered his military prowess in conquering Liguria.
Answer: False
While Rothari was a formidable military leader who conquered Liguria, his most significant legacy is widely considered to be the promulgation of the Edictum Rothari, a major legislative achievement.
The baptistery in Monte Sant'Angelo is definitively known as the 'Tomb of Rothari'.
Answer: False
While traditionally known as the 'Tomb of Rothari,' the baptistery in Monte Sant'Angelo is not definitively identified as his burial site, with historical evidence pointing elsewhere.
Rothari was likely buried in the church of San Giovanni Domnarum in Pavia, founded by his wife.
Answer: True
Evidence suggests Rothari was likely interred in the church of San Giovanni Domnarum in Pavia, an institution established by his wife, Gundeberga.
The map titled 'Italy at the time of Rothari' shows the extent of Frankish control during his reign.
Answer: False
The map titled 'Italy at the time of Rothari' illustrates Lombard and Byzantine territories, not the extent of Frankish control.
Information about Rothari is available in international authority databases like ISNI and VIAF.
Answer: True
Rothari is cataloged in international authority databases such as ISNI and VIAF, facilitating scholarly access to information about him.
What is considered Rothari's most significant legacy, surpassing his military achievements?
Answer: The promulgation of the Edictum Rothari.
While Rothari was a successful military leader, his most significant legacy is considered to be the promulgation of the Edictum Rothari, a major legislative achievement.
Where is Rothari believed to have been buried, and who founded this location?
Answer: In Pavia, at San Giovanni Domnarum, founded by Gundeberga.
Evidence suggests Rothari was likely interred in the church of San Giovanni Domnarum in Pavia, an institution established by his wife, Gundeberga.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a source or database containing information about Rothari?
Answer: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is not listed among the sources or databases providing information on Rothari; however, VIAF, DeutscheBiographie, and Treccani are mentioned.
What does the miniature illustration in the 'Codex Legum Longobardorum' depict?
Answer: King Rothari.
The 'Codex Legum Longobardorum', an 11th-century manuscript, features a miniature illustration depicting King Rothari.