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Total Categories: 7
The Russian Constitution of 1906 transformed Russia from an absolute monarchy into a republic.
Answer: False
The 1906 Constitution transformed Russia from an absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy, not a republic.
The 1906 Constitution was enacted before the outbreak of the Russian Revolution of 1905.
Answer: False
The Russian Constitution of 1906 was enacted in response to, and after the commencement of, the 1905 Russian Revolution.
The 1906 Constitution revised the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire originally penned by Peter I.
Answer: False
The 1906 Constitution revised the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire, which were originally codified in 1832 by Mikhail Speransky, not Peter I.
Bloody Sunday was a key event that contributed to the necessity of constitutional reform in Russia.
Answer: True
The events of Bloody Sunday in January 1905, where peaceful demonstrators were fired upon, served as a critical catalyst for the widespread unrest that necessitated constitutional reforms.
The Tsar's power was primarily constrained by the Orthodox faith and succession laws prior to the 1906 Constitution.
Answer: True
Prior to the 1906 Constitution, the Tsar's power was largely absolute, with the primary formal constraints being adherence to the Orthodox faith and the established laws of succession.
What was the primary objective of the Russian Constitution of 1906?
Answer: To transition Russia from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional one where the Tsar shared power with a parliament.
The primary objective was to transform the autocratic system into a constitutional monarchy, thereby appeasing revolutionary pressures and preserving the Romanov dynasty.
Which event is identified as a major catalyst for the 1905 Revolution and the subsequent constitutional reforms?
Answer: Bloody Sunday
Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of a peaceful demonstration, significantly escalated public discontent and became a primary catalyst for the 1905 Revolution and the subsequent demand for constitutional changes.
What was the primary constraint on the Tsar's power before the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: The requirement to profess the Russian Orthodox faith and obey succession laws.
Before the 1906 Constitution, the Tsar's power was largely unfettered, with the principal formal limitations being adherence to the Orthodox faith and the succession laws established by Emperor Paul I.
What was the original legal basis that the 1906 Constitution revised?
Answer: The Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire of 1832
The 1906 Constitution served as a significant revision and expansion of the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire, originally promulgated in 1832.
How did the 1906 Constitution attempt to preserve the monarchy amidst the 1905 Revolution?
Answer: By enacting reforms that shared autocratic power with an elected parliament.
The constitution aimed to preserve the monarchy by introducing a constitutional framework that shared power with an elected parliament, thereby addressing popular demands and mitigating revolutionary fervor.
What was the Russian title for the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire that the 1906 Constitution revised?
Answer: Osnovnyye Gosudarstvennyye Zakony Rossiyskoy Imperii
The original Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire, revised by the 1906 Constitution, were known in Russian as 'Osnovnyye Gosudarstvennyye Zakony Rossiyskoy Imperii'.
Emperor Nicholas II readily accepted the limitations on his autocratic power imposed by the 1906 Constitution.
Answer: False
Emperor Nicholas II abhorred the limitations imposed by the 1906 Constitution, as he had sworn to pass on his autocratic authority intact.
Under the 1906 Constitution, the Tsar retained an absolute veto over all legislation passed by the parliament.
Answer: True
The Tsar retained the significant power of an absolute veto, allowing him to reject any legislation approved by the parliament.
The Tsar could dismiss the State Duma at any time under the 1906 Constitution.
Answer: True
The Tsar retained the prerogative to dissolve the State Duma at his discretion, a significant check on the legislative body's power.
The Tsar's legislative initiative was limited to matters concerning administrative affairs under the 1906 Constitution.
Answer: False
The Tsar retained legislative initiative on all matters, not just administrative affairs, under the 1906 Constitution.
The Tsar could only initiate constitutional revisions with the approval of the State Duma.
Answer: False
The Tsar held the sole right to initiate constitutional revisions, without requiring the approval of the State Duma.
What significant power did the Tsar retain over legislation passed by the parliament?
Answer: An absolute veto over all legislation.
The Tsar retained an absolute veto, granting him the ultimate authority to reject any law passed by the Duma and the State Council.
What was the Tsar's reaction to the restrictions imposed by the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: He abhorred the restrictions, having sworn to pass on autocratic authority intact.
Nicholas II harbored a deep aversion to the constitutional limitations, viewing them as a betrayal of his sworn duty to uphold autocratic rule.
Which of the following was a legislative power reserved solely for the Tsar under the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: Initiating constitutional revisions.
The Tsar alone possessed the authority to initiate revisions to the constitution, a power not shared with the legislative bodies.
The State Duma, established by the 1906 Constitution, was the upper house of the Russian parliament.
Answer: False
The State Duma, established by the 1906 Constitution, served as the lower house of the Russian parliament; the State Council was the upper house.
Members of the State Duma were elected through a simple, direct popular vote.
Answer: False
The election system for the State Duma was complex and indirect, weighted to favor certain social classes and property owners, rather than a simple, direct popular vote.
The State Council, under the 1906 Constitution, had all its members appointed by the Tsar.
Answer: False
Under the 1906 Constitution, half of the State Council's members were appointed by the Tsar, while the other half were elected by various governmental, clerical, and commercial bodies.
What were the two legislative bodies that comprised the parliament established by the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: The State Council and the State Duma
The bicameral parliament established by the 1906 Constitution consisted of the upper house, the State Council, and the lower house, the State Duma.
How were members of the State Council appointed or elected under the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: Half were appointed by the Tsar, and half were elected by various governmental, clerical, and commercial interests.
The composition of the State Council was mixed: half of its members were appointed by the Tsar, and the other half were elected by specific institutional groups.
What was the purpose of the State Council as defined in the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: To function as the upper house of parliament, sharing legislative powers with the State Duma.
The State Council was established as the upper house of the bicameral parliament, sharing legislative responsibilities with the State Duma.
The 1906 Constitution allowed the Tsar to issue decrees without parliamentary approval, even when the Duma was in session.
Answer: False
Article 87 of the 1906 Constitution permitted the Tsar to issue decrees during the Duma's absence, not while it was in session, and these decrees required subsequent parliamentary approval.
The 1906 Constitution granted the Duma the power to appoint and dismiss the Tsar's ministers.
Answer: False
The Duma did not possess the power to appoint or dismiss the Tsar's ministers; this authority remained exclusively with the monarch.
Article 87 of the 1906 Constitution allowed the Tsar to issue decrees when the Duma was not in session, provided they were later approved.
Answer: True
Article 87 granted the Tsar the authority to issue decrees during parliamentary recesses, which would lose effect unless approved by the Duma within two months of its reconvening.
The Duma's budgetary powers were absolute, allowing it to deny any funding requests from the military.
Answer: False
The Duma's budgetary powers were limited; it could not deny military manpower requests, as the military could proceed with the previous year's quota if the Duma failed to approve it.
The Imperial Court Ministry was subject to the Duma's control and oversight according to the 1906 Constitution.
Answer: False
The Imperial Court Ministry was explicitly excluded from the Duma's oversight and control under the 1906 Constitution.
The State Duma could propose amendments to the constitution on its own initiative.
Answer: False
The State Duma lacked the authority to initiate constitutional amendments; this power was reserved exclusively for the Tsar.
Which of the following was NOT a limitation placed on the State Duma by the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: Inability to question the Tsar's ministers.
The State Duma was explicitly granted the power to question the Tsar's ministers, making this NOT a limitation.
What did Article 87 of the 1906 Constitution allow the Tsar to do?
Answer: Issue decrees during the Duma's absence, subject to later parliamentary approval.
Article 87 empowered the Tsar to issue decrees when the Duma was not in session, provided these decrees were subsequently submitted to and approved by the parliament.
Which body was NOT subject to the control of the State Duma under the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: The Imperial Court Ministry
The Imperial Court Ministry was one of the bodies explicitly excluded from the State Duma's oversight and control under the terms of the 1906 Constitution.
What was the consequence if the Duma failed to approve military manpower requests under the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: The military was permitted to call up a number of draftees equal to the previous year's quota.
If the Duma did not approve military manpower requests, the constitution stipulated that the military could proceed with conscripting a number equivalent to the previous year's quota, thereby ensuring the maintenance of military strength.
What legislative power did the State Duma possess under the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: The power to propose, debate, and vote on laws and question ministers.
The State Duma was vested with the power to propose, debate, and vote on legislation, as well as to question government ministers, thereby establishing a significant legislative role.
Sergei Witte was instrumental in drafting the 1906 Russian Constitution.
Answer: True
Sergei Witte, as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was instrumental in advocating for and shaping the constitutional reforms, including the October Manifesto which preceded the 1906 Constitution.
Mikhail Speransky was the author of the 1906 Russian Constitution.
Answer: False
Mikhail Speransky was the author of the original Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire in 1832, not the 1906 Constitution.
The Russian Constitution of 1906 was drafted with reference to constitutional models from the United States and France.
Answer: False
The drafting process referenced constitutions from Austria-Hungary, Japan, and Prussia, as well as a draft by the Union of Liberation, but not those of the United States or France.
Who was Sergei Witte and what was his role in the constitutional changes?
Answer: Minister of Finance who advocated for a constitutional monarchy and proposed the October Manifesto.
Sergei Witte, serving as Minister of Finance and later Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was a key proponent of constitutional reform and instrumental in the issuance of the October Manifesto.
Which of the following was NOT among the constitutions studied when drafting the 1906 Russian Constitution?
Answer: The Constitution of the United States
The drafting committee studied constitutional models from Austria-Hungary, Japan, and Prussia, but the United States Constitution was not among those referenced.
Who authored the draft constitution that Emperor Nicholas II chose as the basis for the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: Peter Kharitonov
The draft constitution that Emperor Nicholas II selected as the foundation for the 1906 document was authored by Peter Kharitonov, Deputy State Secretary of the State Chancellory.
The 1906 Constitution declared Russia to be 'one and indivisible' and mandated the use of the Russian language in public institutions.
Answer: True
The introductory articles of the 1906 Constitution affirmed Russia's territorial integrity and mandated the Russian language for public institutions.
The 1906 Constitution stipulated that the Tsar must profess the Lutheran faith.
Answer: False
The 1906 Constitution required the Tsar to profess the Russian Orthodox faith, not the Lutheran faith.
The 1906 Constitution guaranteed freedoms of assembly, expression, association, and religion to Russian citizens.
Answer: True
Chapter Eight of the 1906 Constitution did indeed guarantee fundamental civil liberties, including freedoms of assembly, expression, association, and religion.
The 1906 Constitution recognized Finland as a fully independent state separate from Russia.
Answer: False
While acknowledging Finland's special legislative and political status, the 1906 Constitution declared it an 'inseparable part of the Russian state,' not a fully independent entity.
What was the age of majority for the emperor as stipulated by the 1906 Constitution?
Answer: 16 years old
The 1906 Constitution stipulated that the age of majority for the emperor, after which he could assume full imperial powers, was sixteen years old.
How did the 1906 Constitution address the status of Finland?
Answer: It acknowledged Finland as an 'inseparable part of the Russian state' but recognized its special legislative and political status.
The constitution recognized Finland as an 'inseparable part of the Russian state' while also acknowledging its distinct legislative and political status, a provision that would later lead to disputes.
What did the Introduction (Articles 1-3) of the 1906 Constitution declare regarding Russia's territorial integrity and language?
Answer: Russia was declared 'one and indivisible,' and the Russian language was mandated in public institutions.
Articles 1-3 of the constitution declared Russia to be 'one and indivisible' and mandated the use of the Russian language in all public institutions.
The 1906 Constitution was formally abrogated by the Provisional Government in September 1917.
Answer: True
Following the February Revolution and the Tsar's abdication, the Provisional Government formally abrogated the 1906 Constitution in September 1917.
The Tsar's violation of Article 87 in June 1907 led to increased trust between the liberals and the monarchy.
Answer: False
The Tsar's violation of Article 87 in June 1907, often termed the 'Coup of June,' eroded trust among liberals, who viewed the constitution as a sham, thereby increasing revolutionary sentiment.
What was the consequence of Nicholas II's violation of Article 87 in June 1907?
Answer: It caused many liberals to view the constitution as a sham and increased revolutionary agitation.
The Tsar's unilateral action in June 1907, altering electoral laws under the guise of Article 87, significantly damaged his credibility with liberal factions and fueled further revolutionary sentiment.
What was the fate of the 1906 Constitution after the February Revolution of 1917?
Answer: It was formally abrogated by the Provisional Government in September 1917.
Following the February Revolution and the Tsar's abdication, the Provisional Government formally abolished the monarchy and abrogated the 1906 Constitution in September 1917.