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What are the two principal Sanskrit appellations for the Buddhist sutra under discussion, and what are their respective English translations?
Answer: True
The sutra is primarily identified by its Sanskrit names: *Samadhiraja Sutra*, translating to 'King of Samadhis Sutra', and *Candrapradipa Sutra*, meaning 'Moonlamp Sutra'. The latter designation derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.
Does the Chinese name for the sutra, *Yueh-teng san-mei ching*, correspond to the Sanskrit title *Samadhiraja Sutra*?
Answer: False
The Chinese name *Yueh-teng san-mei ching* corresponds to the Sanskrit title *Candrapradipa-samadhisutra*, meaning 'Moon Lamp Samadhi Sutra', not *Samadhiraja Sutra*.
What are the two primary Sanskrit names for the Buddhist sutra discussed, and what do they mean?
Answer: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* ('King of Samadhis Sutra') and the *Candrapradipa Sutra* ('Moonlamp Sutra').
The sutra is primarily identified by its Sanskrit names: *Samadhiraja Sutra*, translating to 'King of Samadhis Sutra', and *Candrapradipa Sutra*, meaning 'Moonlamp Sutra'. The latter designation derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.
Which bodhisattva is referenced in the name *Candrapradipa Sutra*?
Answer: Candraprabha
The Sanskrit title *Candrapradipa Sutra* ('Moonlamp Sutra') refers to the bodhisattva Candraprabha, whose name translates to 'Moon Lamp' and who serves as the primary interlocutor in the text.
Is there a scholarly consensus that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* was definitively redacted in the 2nd century CE?
Answer: False
Scholarly consensus on the precise redaction date of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is lacking. While some scholars propose a period between the 2nd/3rd and 6th centuries CE, aligning with the earliest manuscript evidence, others maintain that a definitive dating remains elusive.
Do scholars like Andrew Skilton posit that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely an original, single composition?
Answer: False
Scholars such as Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts, rather than an original, single composition.
Is the *Mahaprajnasamadhisutra* identified as one of the shorter works potentially incorporated into the *Samadhiraja Sutra*?
Answer: True
The *Mahaprajnasamadhisutra*, also known as the *Mañjuśrīboddhisattvacaryā*, is identified as one of the shorter texts that may have been incorporated into the larger *Samadhiraja Sutra*.
What is the estimated timeframe for the redaction of the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, according to scholarly opinions mentioned?
Answer: Between the 2nd or 3rd century CE and the 6th century CE.
Scholarly estimates for the redaction of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* range from the 2nd or 3rd century CE up to the 6th century CE, the latter date corresponding to the earliest known manuscript evidence.
Which of the following statements best describes scholarly views on the composition of the *Samadhiraja Sutra*?
Answer: It is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts.
Scholarly consensus suggests that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, potentially incorporating earlier, shorter texts, rather than being a single, unified composition.
According to Peter Alan Roberts, what evidence suggests the sutra might incorporate earlier works?
Answer: The sutra appears to incorporate at least two shorter, independent works.
Peter Alan Roberts notes that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* seems to incorporate at least two shorter, independent works, suggesting a composite structure possibly compiled from pre-existing materials.
Does the full Tibetan title of the sutra suggest a focus on the equality of the nature of all phenomena?
Answer: True
The comprehensive Tibetan title, 'The Noble Mahayana Sutra The King of Samadhis, the Revealed Equality of the Nature of All Phenomena', explicitly indicates that the sutra addresses the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.
Is the central theme of the sutra the 'King of Samadhis', described as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas?
Answer: True
The sutra's central theme is indeed the 'King of Samadhis', presented as the foundational element for all virtues possessed by Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
Does the sutra define the 'King of Samadhis' solely through its connection to emptiness?
Answer: False
While the sutra discusses emptiness, it defines the 'King of Samadhis' through a broader scope, encompassing various mental qualities and practices, not solely its connection to emptiness.
Does the sutra urge Candraprabha to merely contemplate the samadhi without actively preserving it?
Answer: False
The sutra explicitly urges Candraprabha to actively 'preserve the samadhi,' which includes remembering the text and engaging in associated spiritual practices, not merely contemplating it passively.
Does the sutra define the 'essential nature of all phenomena' as having inherent, unchanging characteristics?
Answer: False
The sutra defines the 'essential nature of all phenomena' as lacking inherent essence, likening it to a dream or a magic show, thereby emphasizing impermanence and interdependence.
In chapter 4, does the Buddha define samadhi narrowly as only relating to the comprehension of emptiness?
Answer: False
In chapter 4, the Buddha defines samadhi broadly, encompassing aspects such as comprehension of the mind, knowledge of non-rebirth, and the correct practice concerning various spiritual items, not solely emptiness.
Besides the concept of samadhi, does the sutra cover topics like avadanas, emptiness, and bodhisattva conduct?
Answer: True
The sutra addresses a wide array of subjects beyond samadhi, including *avadanas* (stories of past lives), teachings on emptiness, and the conduct expected of bodhisattvas.
Does the sutra emphasize austere lifestyle practices such as forest dwelling and minimal possessions?
Answer: True
The sutra strongly advocates for austere practices, including forest dwelling and maintaining minimal possessions, aligning with the principles of Buddhist mendicancy.
Does the sutra mention the Trikaya doctrine (three bodies of the Buddha) but omit discussion of the Dharmakaya?
Answer: False
The sutra mentions the *rupa-kaya* (form body) and the *Dharma-kaya* (truth body) but does not discuss the later developed Trikaya doctrine. It does not omit discussion of the Dharmakaya.
Does Constantin Regamey translate a passage describing the Dharmakaya as being identical with space and beyond thought?
Answer: True
Constantin Regamey translates a passage from the sutra that characterizes the Dharmakaya as being identical with space, invisible, beyond conceptualization, and ultimately quiescent.
Is the phrase 'All things are emptiness' presented as a minor insight within the sutra?
Answer: False
The phrase 'All things are emptiness' is presented as a profound insight within the sutra, suggesting that deep meditation upon it can lead to a comprehensive understanding of Buddhist doctrine.
Does the sutra describe the path to acquiring Buddha qualities as requiring multiple distinct dharmas?
Answer: False
The sutra posits that the path to acquiring Buddha qualities involves 'one single dharma,' specifically a samadhi related to the sameness of all phenomena, rather than multiple distinct dharmas.
What does the full Tibetan title of the sutra imply about its central theme?
Answer: It emphasizes the revealed equality of the nature of all phenomena.
The full Tibetan title explicitly indicates that the sutra's central theme is the 'revealed equality of the nature of all phenomena,' linked to the concept of the 'King of Samadhis'.
The sutra's central theme, the 'King of Samadhis', is described as the key to what?
Answer: All virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
The 'King of Samadhis' is presented in the sutra as the essential key to attaining all the virtues characteristic of Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
How does the sutra initially describe the 'King of Samadhis'?
Answer: Through mental qualities like equanimity, benefit, and sympathy towards beings.
The sutra initially describes the supreme samadhi through its associated mental qualities, such as equanimity towards all beings, benevolence, sympathy, and non-retaliation.
What does the sutra urge Candraprabha to do regarding the described samadhi?
Answer: To practice and 'preserve the samadhi', including remembering the text.
The sutra instructs Candraprabha to practice and 'preserve the samadhi,' which entails remembering the text and engaging in associated spiritual exercises.
How does the sutra describe the 'essential nature of all phenomena'?
Answer: As lacking inherent essence, like a dream or magic show.
The sutra describes the 'essential nature of all phenomena' as lacking inherent essence, likening it to a dream or a magic show, thereby emphasizing its illusory or conventional nature.
In chapter 4, the Buddha defines samadhi broadly, including which of the following?
Answer: Comprehension of the mind and knowledge of non-rebirth.
In chapter 4, the Buddha broadly defines samadhi to include comprehension of the mind, knowledge of non-rebirth, and the appropriate practice concerning various spiritual elements.
Which of the following lifestyle practices is strongly emphasized in the *Samadhiraja Sutra*?
Answer: Forest dwelling and maintaining few possessions.
The *Samadhiraja Sutra* strongly emphasizes austere lifestyle practices such as forest dwelling and maintaining minimal possessions, aligning with the ideals of Buddhist mendicancy.
The sutra mentions the *rupa-kaya* and *Dharma-kaya* but notably omits which later doctrine?
Answer: The Trikaya doctrine (three bodies of the Buddha)
While the sutra discusses the *rupa-kaya* and *Dharma-kaya*, it notably omits the later developed Trikaya doctrine, which posits three distinct bodies of the Buddha.
What does Constantin Regamey translate regarding the Dharmakaya?
Answer: It is identical with space, invisible, and beyond thought.
Constantin Regamey translates a passage describing the Dharmakaya as being identical with space, invisible, beyond thought, placeless, and quiescent, representing the ultimate nature of reality.
The sutra suggests that meditating deeply on the phrase 'All things are emptiness' can lead to what?
Answer: Understanding the entire Buddhist doctrine.
The sutra suggests that profound meditation on the concept of emptiness, encapsulated in the phrase 'All things are emptiness,' can lead to a comprehensive understanding of the entire Buddhist doctrine.
What is the 'one single dharma' mentioned in the sutra that leads to the virtues of Buddhas?
Answer: A specific samadhi related to the sameness of all phenomena.
The sutra identifies a specific samadhi, characterized by the sameness of all phenomena, as the singular 'dharma' that facilitates the attainment of the virtues of Buddhas.
Is the term 'samadhi' in the sutra used narrowly to refer only to deep meditative states?
Answer: False
The term 'samadhi' in the sutra is employed broadly, encompassing not only deep meditative states but also the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of bodhisattva practices.
Does the sutra list over three hundred descriptions related to the supreme samadhi?
Answer: True
The sutra enumerates more than three hundred descriptions pertaining to the supreme samadhi, illustrating its multifaceted nature and significance.
Does Andrew Skilton interpret the extensive list of terms related to samadhi as merely illustrative examples of meditative states?
Answer: False
Andrew Skilton posits that the list of terms itself is presented as the samadhi, or a literary theme referring to the text/list, rather than merely illustrative examples of meditative states.
Do Gomez and Silk interpret the sutra's extensive list of terms as definitions of the samadhi's meditative state?
Answer: False
Gomez and Silk view the extensive list of terms as potentially containing virtues, merits, or attributes of the samadhi, rather than strict definitions of its meditative state. They note ambiguity regarding whether these are definitions, descriptions, or attributes.
Does Constantin Regamey suggest the list of terms in the sutra functions as a dharani or verbal formula to be meditated upon?
Answer: True
Constantin Regamey proposes that the list of terms within the sutra functions analogously to a dharani or verbal formula, intended for meditative contemplation.
Do scholars like Skilton and Regamey propose that the list of samadhi descriptions functions as the samadhi itself, potentially as a text or formula?
Answer: True
Scholars such as Skilton and Regamey propose that the extensive list of samadhi descriptions within the sutra may function as the samadhi itself, interpreted either as a literary theme or a verbal formula for meditation.
Which of the following is NOT one of the diverse ways the term 'samadhi' is used in the sutra?
Answer: A specific type of ritualistic chanting.
While 'samadhi' in the sutra encompasses the experience of emptiness, Buddhahood attributes, and bodhisattva practices, it is not specifically used to denote a particular type of ritualistic chanting.
What is Andrew Skilton's interpretation of the sutra's extensive list of terms related to samadhi?
Answer: The list itself is presented as the samadhi, or a literary theme referring to the text/list.
Andrew Skilton interprets the extensive list of terms related to samadhi as potentially representing the samadhi itself, functioning as a literary theme or the text/list being elaborated upon.
Constantin Regamey suggested that the list of terms within the sutra functions similarly to what?
Answer: A dharani or verbal formula to be meditated upon.
Constantin Regamey proposed that the list of terms within the sutra functions analogously to a dharani or verbal formula, intended for meditative practice.
Is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* regarded as a minor text with limited significance for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?
Answer: False
Contrary to the assertion, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant text for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian Madhyamaka scholars, including Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.
Is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* rarely cited within Tantric Buddhist traditions?
Answer: False
The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is frequently cited within Tantric Buddhist traditions, where its recitation is promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating its perceived efficacy and importance in those contexts.
Do Gomez and Silk note that the sutra accommodates dimensions like meditation, worship, philosophical speculation, and myth rehearsal?
Answer: True
Gomez and Silk observe that the sutra integrates diverse aspects of Buddhist practice and belief, including meditation, philosophical speculation, worship, and the rehearsal of myths through narrative elements.
Does Mark Tatz characterize the sutra's philosophy as 'late Mahayana' and distinct from Madhyamaka?
Answer: False
Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's philosophy as closely related to early Madhyamaka and rooted in Perfection of Wisdom literature, rather than as 'late Mahayana' distinct from Madhyamaka.
Do Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position as unambiguously Madhyamaka?
Answer: False
Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position as eclectic and universalistic, rather than unambiguously Madhyamaka, suggesting it resists strict categorization within a single philosophical school.
Did Candrakirti cite the *Samadhiraja Sutra* only once in his *Prasannapada*?
Answer: False
Candrakirti cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his commentary *Prasannapada*, indicating its significant influence on his Madhyamaka interpretations.
Did Shantideva cite the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his work *Śikṣāsamuccaya*?
Answer: True
Shantideva, a prominent Madhyamaka author, cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his work *Śikṣāsamuccaya*, underscoring the sutra's importance in Indian Buddhist philosophical discourse.
Is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* considered one of the nine principal Mahayana texts ('nine Dharmas') in Nepalese Buddhism?
Answer: True
Within Nepalese Buddhism, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* holds significant status as one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, often referred to as the 'nine Dharmas'.
Has the *Samadhiraja Sutra* been highly popular and frequently quoted in East Asian Buddhism?
Answer: False
The *Samadhiraja Sutra* has not achieved widespread popularity or frequent citation in East Asian Buddhism, contrasting with its reception in India and Tibet.
Is the sutra frequently cited in Tibetan philosophical literature, often based on Indian sources?
Answer: True
The sutra is indeed frequently referenced in Tibetan philosophical discourse, often drawing upon quotations found in Indian Buddhist texts, and was studied by traditions such as the Kadampa school.
Does the Kagyu tradition cite the sutra as a key source for *vipassanā* (insight) instructions?
Answer: False
The Kagyu tradition primarily cites the sutra as a source for *shamatha* (calm abiding) instructions, particularly through commentaries by Gampopa, rather than *vipassanā*.
Did Khedrup Jé consider the *Samadhiraja Sutra* the most important Madhyamaka sutra after the Perfection of Wisdom sutras?
Answer: True
Khedrup Jé, a prominent disciple of Tsongkhapa, held the *Samadhiraja Sutra* in high regard, considering it the most significant Madhyamaka sutra subsequent to the Perfection of Wisdom sutras.
Does Dudjom Rinpoche quote a passage suggesting that different sutras, despite wording, share the same meaning when deeply understood?
Answer: True
Dudjom Rinpoche quotes a passage from the sutra that emphasizes the underlying unity of meaning across different scriptural texts, suggesting that profound understanding reveals shared import regardless of linguistic variation.
Why is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* considered highly significant for the Madhyamaka school?
Answer: It is frequently cited by prominent Indian Madhyamaka authors like Chandrakirti and Shantideva.
The *Samadhiraja Sutra*'s significance for the Madhyamaka school stems from its frequent citation by key Indian Madhyamaka figures such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, indicating its foundational role in the tradition.
How was the *Samadhiraja Sutra* utilized within Tantric Buddhist traditions?
Answer: Its recitation was promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating perceived efficacy.
Within Tantric Buddhist traditions, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* was utilized through its recitation for ritualistic purposes, suggesting its perceived efficacy and importance in practice.
According to Gomez and Silk, what diverse dimensions of Buddhist religion are present in the sutra?
Answer: Meditation, philosophical speculation, and worship of Buddhas.
Gomez and Silk note that the sutra encompasses diverse dimensions of Buddhist religion, including meditation, philosophical speculation, the worship of Buddhas, and the 'cult of the Book' (reverence for scriptures).
How do Gomez and Silk characterize the sutra's doctrinal position in relation to Madhyamaka?
Answer: Eclectic and universalistic, not strictly Madhyamaka.
Gomez and Silk characterize the sutra's doctrinal position as eclectic and universalistic, suggesting it resists strict classification as purely Madhyamaka.
How many times did Candrakirti cite the *Samadhiraja Sutra* in his commentary *Prasannapada*?
Answer: Twenty times
Candrakirti cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times within his commentary *Prasannapada*, highlighting its importance in his Madhyamaka scholarship.
What is the status of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* within Nepalese Buddhism?
Answer: It is one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, known as the 'nine Dharmas'.
In Nepalese Buddhism, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is recognized as one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, commonly referred to as the 'nine Dharmas'.
How popular has the *Samadhiraja Sutra* been in East Asian Buddhism compared to India and Tibet?
Answer: It has not been particularly popular and is seldom quoted in East Asia.
The *Samadhiraja Sutra*'s popularity and frequency of citation in East Asian Buddhism have been notably limited compared to its influence in India and Tibet.
Which prominent Tibetan master, a student of Tsongkhapa, considered the sutra highly important?
Answer: Khedrup Jé
Khedrup Jé, a distinguished student of Tsongkhapa, held the *Samadhiraja Sutra* in high esteem, considering it the most important Madhyamaka sutra after the Perfection of Wisdom sutras.
Are Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts of the sutra consistently shorter than the Gilgit manuscript?
Answer: False
Some Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and contain additional material not present in the Tibetan translation, indicating textual variation.
Are the Sanskrit versions of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* predominantly written in classical Sanskrit?
Answer: False
The Sanskrit versions of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* are predominantly written in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) or are heavily influenced by it, reflecting a common linguistic characteristic of Mahayana Buddhist texts.
What is notable about the complete Sanskrit manuscript found near Gilgit compared to the Tibetan translation?
Answer: It is notably shorter than the Tibetan translation.
The complete Sanskrit manuscript of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* discovered near Gilgit, dated to the sixth century, is notably shorter than its Tibetan translation.
How do some Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts compare to the Gilgit manuscript and the Tibetan translation?
Answer: Some are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and closer to the Tibetan, containing additional material.
Certain Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts of the sutra are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and align more closely with the Tibetan translation, sometimes including additional material.
What language is predominantly used in the Sanskrit manuscripts of the *Samadhiraja Sutra*?
Answer: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) or heavily influenced by it
The Sanskrit manuscripts of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* are predominantly written in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) or exhibit significant BHS influence, a common linguistic feature of Mahayana texts.
What criticism did Gomez and Silk level against Nalinaksha Dutt's 1941 Sanskrit edition?
Answer: It was a conflation of manuscripts and possibly a reconstruction from the Tibetan.
Gomez and Silk critiqued Nalinaksha Dutt's 1941 Sanskrit edition, suggesting it was a conflation of various manuscripts and potentially a reconstruction derived from the Tibetan translation.
Is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* written exclusively in verse?
Answer: False
The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is characterized by a mixed stylistic structure, incorporating both prose and verse, rather than being exclusively in verse.
What is the primary stylistic structure of the *Samadhiraja Sutra*'s chapters?
Answer: A mixed style of prose and verse.
The chapters of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* are characterized by a mixed style, incorporating both prose and verse, alongside narrative and expository sections.