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The Samadhiraja Sutra: Textual Analysis and Significance

At a Glance

Title: The Samadhiraja Sutra: Textual Analysis and Significance

Total Categories: 7

Category Stats

  • Sutra Identification and Naming: 3 flashcards, 4 questions
  • Historical Context and Composition: 4 flashcards, 6 questions
  • Key Doctrinal Themes: 12 flashcards, 23 questions
  • Scholarly Interpretations of Samadhi: 7 flashcards, 9 questions
  • Influence and Reception Across Traditions: 15 flashcards, 21 questions
  • Textual Variants and Translations: 4 flashcards, 6 questions
  • Linguistic and Stylistic Features: 1 flashcards, 2 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 51
  • True/False Questions: 42
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 34
  • Total Questions: 76

Instructions

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Welcome to Your Curriculum Command Center

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The Core Concept: What is a "Kit"?

Think of a Kit as your all-in-one digital lesson plan. It's a single, portable file that contains every piece of content for a topic: your subject categories, a central image, all your flashcards, and all your questions. The true power of the Studio is speed—once a kit is made (or you import one), you are just minutes away from printing an entire set of coursework.

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Step 1: Laying the Foundation (The Authoring Tools)

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⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

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🔗 Intelligent Mapper: The Smart Connection

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  • Step 1: Select a question from the list on the left.
  • Step 2: In the right panel, click on every flashcard that contains a concept required to answer that question. They will turn green, indicating a successful link.
  • The Payoff: When you generate a Smart Study Guide, these linked flashcards will automatically appear under each question as "Related Concepts."

Step 2: The Magic (The Generator Suite)

You've built your content. Now, with a few clicks, turn it into a full suite of professional, ready-to-use materials. What used to take hours of formatting and copying-and-pasting can now be done in seconds.

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Study Guide: The Samadhiraja Sutra: Textual Analysis and Significance

Study Guide: The Samadhiraja Sutra: Textual Analysis and Significance

Sutra Identification and Naming

What are the two principal Sanskrit appellations for the Buddhist sutra under discussion, and what are their respective English translations?

Answer: True

The sutra is primarily identified by its Sanskrit names: *Samadhiraja Sutra*, translating to 'King of Samadhis Sutra', and *Candrapradipa Sutra*, meaning 'Moonlamp Sutra'. The latter designation derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the two principal Sanskrit appellations for the Buddhist sutra under discussion, and what are their respective English translations?: The sutra is primarily identified by its Sanskrit names: *Samadhiraja Sutra*, translating to 'King of Samadhis Sutra', and *Candrapradipa Sutra*, meaning 'Moonlamp Sutra'. The latter designation derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.
  • What are the different interpretations of the sutra's title, 'King of Samadhis'?: The sutra is commonly known as the *King of Samadhis Sutra* (*Samadhirajasutra*) and also as the *Moon Lamp Sutra* (*Candrapradipa Sutra*). The latter name derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.

Does the Chinese name for the sutra, *Yueh-teng san-mei ching*, correspond to the Sanskrit title *Samadhiraja Sutra*?

Answer: False

The Chinese name *Yueh-teng san-mei ching* corresponds to the Sanskrit title *Candrapradipa-samadhisutra*, meaning 'Moon Lamp Samadhi Sutra', not *Samadhiraja Sutra*.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the Chinese preference for naming the sutra, and what does it correspond to?: The Chinese tradition has predominantly used the name *Yueh-teng san-mei ching*, which corresponds to the Sanskrit title *Candrapradipa-samadhisutra*, meaning 'Moon Lamp Samadhi Sutra'.
  • Who translated the Samadhiraja Sutra into Chinese, and what was the title of this translation?: The sutra was translated into Chinese by the Indian monk Narendrayasas (517–589 CE). He titled his translation *The Sutra of the Samadhi of the Lamp of the Moon* (月燈三昧經, *Yueh-teng san-mei ching*).

What are the two primary Sanskrit names for the Buddhist sutra discussed, and what do they mean?

Answer: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* ('King of Samadhis Sutra') and the *Candrapradipa Sutra* ('Moonlamp Sutra').

The sutra is primarily identified by its Sanskrit names: *Samadhiraja Sutra*, translating to 'King of Samadhis Sutra', and *Candrapradipa Sutra*, meaning 'Moonlamp Sutra'. The latter designation derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the two principal Sanskrit appellations for the Buddhist sutra under discussion, and what are their respective English translations?: The sutra is primarily identified by its Sanskrit names: *Samadhiraja Sutra*, translating to 'King of Samadhis Sutra', and *Candrapradipa Sutra*, meaning 'Moonlamp Sutra'. The latter designation derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.
  • What are the different interpretations of the sutra's title, 'King of Samadhis'?: The sutra is commonly known as the *King of Samadhis Sutra* (*Samadhirajasutra*) and also as the *Moon Lamp Sutra* (*Candrapradipa Sutra*). The latter name derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.
  • What does the full Tibetan title of the sutra reveal about its content?: The full Tibetan title, 'The Noble Mahayana Sutra The King of Samadhis, the Revealed Equality of the Nature of All Phenomena', indicates that the sutra focuses on a specific samadhi related to the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.

Which bodhisattva is referenced in the name *Candrapradipa Sutra*?

Answer: Candraprabha

The Sanskrit title *Candrapradipa Sutra* ('Moonlamp Sutra') refers to the bodhisattva Candraprabha, whose name translates to 'Moon Lamp' and who serves as the primary interlocutor in the text.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the two principal Sanskrit appellations for the Buddhist sutra under discussion, and what are their respective English translations?: The sutra is primarily identified by its Sanskrit names: *Samadhiraja Sutra*, translating to 'King of Samadhis Sutra', and *Candrapradipa Sutra*, meaning 'Moonlamp Sutra'. The latter designation derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.
  • What are the different interpretations of the sutra's title, 'King of Samadhis'?: The sutra is commonly known as the *King of Samadhis Sutra* (*Samadhirajasutra*) and also as the *Moon Lamp Sutra* (*Candrapradipa Sutra*). The latter name derives from Candraprabha, the principal bodhisattva and interlocutor within the text.

Historical Context and Composition

Is there a scholarly consensus that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* was definitively redacted in the 2nd century CE?

Answer: False

Scholarly consensus on the precise redaction date of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is lacking. While some scholars propose a period between the 2nd/3rd and 6th centuries CE, aligning with the earliest manuscript evidence, others maintain that a definitive dating remains elusive.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the estimated timeframe for the redaction of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and what is the earliest manuscript evidence?: Scholarly opinions on the redaction date of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* vary, with some suggesting a period between the 2nd or 3rd century CE and the 6th century CE, which aligns with the earliest manuscript evidence. However, other scholars argue that its precise dating remains indeterminate.
  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.

Do scholars like Andrew Skilton posit that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely an original, single composition?

Answer: False

Scholars such as Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts, rather than an original, single composition.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.
  • What is the estimated timeframe for the redaction of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and what is the earliest manuscript evidence?: Scholarly opinions on the redaction date of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* vary, with some suggesting a period between the 2nd or 3rd century CE and the 6th century CE, which aligns with the earliest manuscript evidence. However, other scholars argue that its precise dating remains indeterminate.

Is the *Mahaprajnasamadhisutra* identified as one of the shorter works potentially incorporated into the *Samadhiraja Sutra*?

Answer: True

The *Mahaprajnasamadhisutra*, also known as the *Mañjuśrīboddhisattvacaryā*, is identified as one of the shorter texts that may have been incorporated into the larger *Samadhiraja Sutra*.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.
  • What are the two identified shorter works potentially incorporated into the Samadhiraja Sutra?: The two works are the *Mahaprajnasamadhisutra* (The Sutra of the Samadhi of Great Wisdom), also known as the *Manjusribodhisattvacaryā* (The Bodhisattva Conduct of Mañjuśrī), and a text corresponding to chapter 36 of the Tibetan translation, which seems to have circulated independently.

What is the estimated timeframe for the redaction of the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, according to scholarly opinions mentioned?

Answer: Between the 2nd or 3rd century CE and the 6th century CE.

Scholarly estimates for the redaction of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* range from the 2nd or 3rd century CE up to the 6th century CE, the latter date corresponding to the earliest known manuscript evidence.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the estimated timeframe for the redaction of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and what is the earliest manuscript evidence?: Scholarly opinions on the redaction date of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* vary, with some suggesting a period between the 2nd or 3rd century CE and the 6th century CE, which aligns with the earliest manuscript evidence. However, other scholars argue that its precise dating remains indeterminate.
  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.
  • What is known about the Sanskrit manuscripts of the Samadhiraja Sutra found in Central Asia and Gilgit?: Fragments from three Central Asian Sanskrit manuscripts have been found, dating to the fifth or sixth centuries. A complete Sanskrit manuscript discovered near Gilgit in 1938 is dated to the sixth century, though it is notably shorter than the Tibetan translation.

Which of the following statements best describes scholarly views on the composition of the *Samadhiraja Sutra*?

Answer: It is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts.

Scholarly consensus suggests that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, potentially incorporating earlier, shorter texts, rather than being a single, unified composition.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.
  • What is the estimated timeframe for the redaction of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and what is the earliest manuscript evidence?: Scholarly opinions on the redaction date of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* vary, with some suggesting a period between the 2nd or 3rd century CE and the 6th century CE, which aligns with the earliest manuscript evidence. However, other scholars argue that its precise dating remains indeterminate.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.

According to Peter Alan Roberts, what evidence suggests the sutra might incorporate earlier works?

Answer: The sutra appears to incorporate at least two shorter, independent works.

Peter Alan Roberts notes that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* seems to incorporate at least two shorter, independent works, suggesting a composite structure possibly compiled from pre-existing materials.

Related Concepts:

  • What evidence suggests that the Samadhiraja Sutra might be a compilation of earlier works?: Peter Alan Roberts notes that the sutra appears to incorporate at least two shorter, independent works that may have existed earlier. These incorporated texts focus on specific themes, such as the Bodhisattva conduct of Mañjuśrī, with some variations in character representation.
  • Who translated the entire sutra into English for the 84000 project?: Peter A. Roberts translated the entire *Samadhiraja Sutra* into English for the 84000.co translation site in 2018.
  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.

Key Doctrinal Themes

Does the full Tibetan title of the sutra suggest a focus on the equality of the nature of all phenomena?

Answer: True

The comprehensive Tibetan title, 'The Noble Mahayana Sutra The King of Samadhis, the Revealed Equality of the Nature of All Phenomena', explicitly indicates that the sutra addresses the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.

Related Concepts:

  • What does the full Tibetan title of the sutra reveal about its content?: The full Tibetan title, 'The Noble Mahayana Sutra The King of Samadhis, the Revealed Equality of the Nature of All Phenomena', indicates that the sutra focuses on a specific samadhi related to the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.
  • What is the central theme of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and how is it described?: The sutra's main theme is a specific *samadhi*, referred to as the 'King of Samadhis', which is presented as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. This samadhi is described as 'the samadhi that is manifested as the sameness of the essential nature of all dharmas'.

Is the central theme of the sutra the 'King of Samadhis', described as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas?

Answer: True

The sutra's central theme is indeed the 'King of Samadhis', presented as the foundational element for all virtues possessed by Buddhas and bodhisattvas.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the central theme of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and how is it described?: The sutra's main theme is a specific *samadhi*, referred to as the 'King of Samadhis', which is presented as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. This samadhi is described as 'the samadhi that is manifested as the sameness of the essential nature of all dharmas'.
  • What does the full Tibetan title of the sutra reveal about its content?: The full Tibetan title, 'The Noble Mahayana Sutra The King of Samadhis, the Revealed Equality of the Nature of All Phenomena', indicates that the sutra focuses on a specific samadhi related to the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.

Does the sutra define the 'King of Samadhis' solely through its connection to emptiness?

Answer: False

While the sutra discusses emptiness, it defines the 'King of Samadhis' through a broader scope, encompassing various mental qualities and practices, not solely its connection to emptiness.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.
  • What is the central theme of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and how is it described?: The sutra's main theme is a specific *samadhi*, referred to as the 'King of Samadhis', which is presented as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. This samadhi is described as 'the samadhi that is manifested as the sameness of the essential nature of all dharmas'.

Does the sutra urge Candraprabha to merely contemplate the samadhi without actively preserving it?

Answer: False

The sutra explicitly urges Candraprabha to actively 'preserve the samadhi,' which includes remembering the text and engaging in associated spiritual practices, not merely contemplating it passively.

Related Concepts:

  • What does the sutra urge Candraprabha to do with the described samadhi?: The sutra urges Candraprabha to practice and 'preserve the samadhi'. This preservation involves remembering the text, potentially in written form, and engaging in associated spiritual exercises.
  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.

Does the sutra define the 'essential nature of all phenomena' as having inherent, unchanging characteristics?

Answer: False

The sutra defines the 'essential nature of all phenomena' as lacking inherent essence, likening it to a dream or a magic show, thereby emphasizing impermanence and interdependence.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the sutra's perspective on the 'essential nature of all phenomena'?: The sutra explains that all phenomena are to be seen as lacking inherent essence, likening them to a dream or a magic show. This understanding constitutes the 'essential nature of all phenomena'.
  • How does the sutra describe the path to acquiring the qualities of a Buddha?: The sutra states that there is 'one single dharma' that leads to the virtues of Buddhas. This dharma is described as a specific samadhi that elaborates on the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.

In chapter 4, does the Buddha define samadhi narrowly as only relating to the comprehension of emptiness?

Answer: False

In chapter 4, the Buddha defines samadhi broadly, encompassing aspects such as comprehension of the mind, knowledge of non-rebirth, and the correct practice concerning various spiritual items, not solely emptiness.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the Buddha define 'samadhi' in chapter 4 of the sutra?: In chapter 4, the Buddha defines samadhi broadly as 'comprehension of the mind', 'knowledge of non rebirth', 'the state of having laid aside one's burden', and 'correct and not incorrect practice' concerning various spiritual items or dharmas.
  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.

Besides the concept of samadhi, does the sutra cover topics like avadanas, emptiness, and bodhisattva conduct?

Answer: True

The sutra addresses a wide array of subjects beyond samadhi, including *avadanas* (stories of past lives), teachings on emptiness, and the conduct expected of bodhisattvas.

Related Concepts:

  • Beyond the concept of samadhi, what other subjects are covered in the sutra?: The sutra covers a wide range of topics, including *avadanas* (stories of past lives), teachings on emptiness, bodhisattva conduct, mendicancy, and prophecies for the future. It also discusses mindfulness of the Buddha and the nature of Buddhahood.
  • In what diverse ways does the Samadhiraja Sutra employ the term 'samadhi'?: The sutra uses the term 'samadhi' broadly, equating it with the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various bodhisattva practices. It even uses the term to refer to itself and the concept of emptiness.

Does the sutra emphasize austere lifestyle practices such as forest dwelling and minimal possessions?

Answer: True

The sutra strongly advocates for austere practices, including forest dwelling and maintaining minimal possessions, aligning with the principles of Buddhist mendicancy.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific lifestyle practices does the Samadhiraja Sutra emphasize?: The sutra strongly emphasizes Buddhist mendicancy, forest dwelling, and maintaining few possessions, criticizing monks who do not adhere to these austere practices. It also likens nirvana to a flame being extinguished, signifying the cessation of all activity.
  • What is Mark Tatz's assessment of the sutra's philosophical orientation?: Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's thought as 'early Madhyamika' and closely rooted in the Perfection of Wisdom literature, suggesting a philosophical leaning towards the Madhyamaka school.

Does the sutra mention the Trikaya doctrine (three bodies of the Buddha) but omit discussion of the Dharmakaya?

Answer: False

The sutra mentions the *rupa-kaya* (form body) and the *Dharma-kaya* (truth body) but does not discuss the later developed Trikaya doctrine. It does not omit discussion of the Dharmakaya.

Related Concepts:

  • Which two bodies of the Buddha are mentioned in the sutra, and which doctrine is notably absent?: The sutra discusses the *rupa-kaya* (form body) and the *Dharma-kaya* (truth body) of the Buddha. It does not mention the later developed 'Trikaya' doctrine, which posits three bodies of the Buddha.
  • How popular has the Samadhiraja Sutra been in East Asian Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* has not been particularly popular in East Asian Buddhism, and it is seldom quoted or commented upon in that region compared to its influence in India and Tibet.

Does Constantin Regamey translate a passage describing the Dharmakaya as being identical with space and beyond thought?

Answer: True

Constantin Regamey translates a passage from the sutra that characterizes the Dharmakaya as being identical with space, invisible, beyond conceptualization, and ultimately quiescent.

Related Concepts:

  • What does Constantin Regamey translate from the sutra regarding the Dharmakaya?: Regamey translates a passage describing the *Dharmakaya* (Absolute Body) of the Tathagata as being identical with space, invisible, beyond thought, placeless, and essentially quiescent, embodying the ultimate nature of reality.

Is the phrase 'All things are emptiness' presented as a minor insight within the sutra?

Answer: False

The phrase 'All things are emptiness' is presented as a profound insight within the sutra, suggesting that deep meditation upon it can lead to a comprehensive understanding of Buddhist doctrine.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the phrase 'All things are emptiness' as quoted from the sutra?: The phrase 'All things are emptiness' is presented as a key insight within the sutra. It is suggested that meditating deeply on this single concept can lead to the understanding of the entire Buddhist doctrine, highlighting the profound nature of emptiness.
  • What is the sutra's perspective on the 'essential nature of all phenomena'?: The sutra explains that all phenomena are to be seen as lacking inherent essence, likening them to a dream or a magic show. This understanding constitutes the 'essential nature of all phenomena'.

Does the sutra describe the path to acquiring Buddha qualities as requiring multiple distinct dharmas?

Answer: False

The sutra posits that the path to acquiring Buddha qualities involves 'one single dharma,' specifically a samadhi related to the sameness of all phenomena, rather than multiple distinct dharmas.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the sutra describe the path to acquiring the qualities of a Buddha?: The sutra states that there is 'one single dharma' that leads to the virtues of Buddhas. This dharma is described as a specific samadhi that elaborates on the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.

What does the full Tibetan title of the sutra imply about its central theme?

Answer: It emphasizes the revealed equality of the nature of all phenomena.

The full Tibetan title explicitly indicates that the sutra's central theme is the 'revealed equality of the nature of all phenomena,' linked to the concept of the 'King of Samadhis'.

Related Concepts:

  • What does the full Tibetan title of the sutra reveal about its content?: The full Tibetan title, 'The Noble Mahayana Sutra The King of Samadhis, the Revealed Equality of the Nature of All Phenomena', indicates that the sutra focuses on a specific samadhi related to the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.
  • What is the central theme of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and how is it described?: The sutra's main theme is a specific *samadhi*, referred to as the 'King of Samadhis', which is presented as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. This samadhi is described as 'the samadhi that is manifested as the sameness of the essential nature of all dharmas'.
  • How does the sutra describe the path to acquiring the qualities of a Buddha?: The sutra states that there is 'one single dharma' that leads to the virtues of Buddhas. This dharma is described as a specific samadhi that elaborates on the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.

The sutra's central theme, the 'King of Samadhis', is described as the key to what?

Answer: All virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas.

The 'King of Samadhis' is presented in the sutra as the essential key to attaining all the virtues characteristic of Buddhas and bodhisattvas.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the central theme of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and how is it described?: The sutra's main theme is a specific *samadhi*, referred to as the 'King of Samadhis', which is presented as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. This samadhi is described as 'the samadhi that is manifested as the sameness of the essential nature of all dharmas'.
  • What does the full Tibetan title of the sutra reveal about its content?: The full Tibetan title, 'The Noble Mahayana Sutra The King of Samadhis, the Revealed Equality of the Nature of All Phenomena', indicates that the sutra focuses on a specific samadhi related to the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.
  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.

How does the sutra initially describe the 'King of Samadhis'?

Answer: Through mental qualities like equanimity, benefit, and sympathy towards beings.

The sutra initially describes the supreme samadhi through its associated mental qualities, such as equanimity towards all beings, benevolence, sympathy, and non-retaliation.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the central theme of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and how is it described?: The sutra's main theme is a specific *samadhi*, referred to as the 'King of Samadhis', which is presented as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. This samadhi is described as 'the samadhi that is manifested as the sameness of the essential nature of all dharmas'.
  • What does the full Tibetan title of the sutra reveal about its content?: The full Tibetan title, 'The Noble Mahayana Sutra The King of Samadhis, the Revealed Equality of the Nature of All Phenomena', indicates that the sutra focuses on a specific samadhi related to the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.
  • How does the sutra define the 'King of Samadhis' in its initial description?: The sutra initially describes this supreme samadhi through a concise statement: 'his mind is equable towards all beings, his mind is beneficial, his mind is sympathetic, his mind is not inclined to retaliation, his mind is not vexatious'.

What does the sutra urge Candraprabha to do regarding the described samadhi?

Answer: To practice and 'preserve the samadhi', including remembering the text.

The sutra instructs Candraprabha to practice and 'preserve the samadhi,' which entails remembering the text and engaging in associated spiritual exercises.

Related Concepts:

  • What does the sutra urge Candraprabha to do with the described samadhi?: The sutra urges Candraprabha to practice and 'preserve the samadhi'. This preservation involves remembering the text, potentially in written form, and engaging in associated spiritual exercises.
  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.
  • In what diverse ways does the Samadhiraja Sutra employ the term 'samadhi'?: The sutra uses the term 'samadhi' broadly, equating it with the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various bodhisattva practices. It even uses the term to refer to itself and the concept of emptiness.

How does the sutra describe the 'essential nature of all phenomena'?

Answer: As lacking inherent essence, like a dream or magic show.

The sutra describes the 'essential nature of all phenomena' as lacking inherent essence, likening it to a dream or a magic show, thereby emphasizing its illusory or conventional nature.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the sutra's perspective on the 'essential nature of all phenomena'?: The sutra explains that all phenomena are to be seen as lacking inherent essence, likening them to a dream or a magic show. This understanding constitutes the 'essential nature of all phenomena'.
  • How does the sutra describe the path to acquiring the qualities of a Buddha?: The sutra states that there is 'one single dharma' that leads to the virtues of Buddhas. This dharma is described as a specific samadhi that elaborates on the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.
  • What is the significance of the phrase 'All things are emptiness' as quoted from the sutra?: The phrase 'All things are emptiness' is presented as a key insight within the sutra. It is suggested that meditating deeply on this single concept can lead to the understanding of the entire Buddhist doctrine, highlighting the profound nature of emptiness.

In chapter 4, the Buddha defines samadhi broadly, including which of the following?

Answer: Comprehension of the mind and knowledge of non-rebirth.

In chapter 4, the Buddha broadly defines samadhi to include comprehension of the mind, knowledge of non-rebirth, and the appropriate practice concerning various spiritual elements.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the Buddha define 'samadhi' in chapter 4 of the sutra?: In chapter 4, the Buddha defines samadhi broadly as 'comprehension of the mind', 'knowledge of non rebirth', 'the state of having laid aside one's burden', and 'correct and not incorrect practice' concerning various spiritual items or dharmas.
  • In what diverse ways does the Samadhiraja Sutra employ the term 'samadhi'?: The sutra uses the term 'samadhi' broadly, equating it with the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various bodhisattva practices. It even uses the term to refer to itself and the concept of emptiness.
  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.

Which of the following lifestyle practices is strongly emphasized in the *Samadhiraja Sutra*?

Answer: Forest dwelling and maintaining few possessions.

The *Samadhiraja Sutra* strongly emphasizes austere lifestyle practices such as forest dwelling and maintaining minimal possessions, aligning with the ideals of Buddhist mendicancy.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific lifestyle practices does the Samadhiraja Sutra emphasize?: The sutra strongly emphasizes Buddhist mendicancy, forest dwelling, and maintaining few possessions, criticizing monks who do not adhere to these austere practices. It also likens nirvana to a flame being extinguished, signifying the cessation of all activity.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.
  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.

The sutra mentions the *rupa-kaya* and *Dharma-kaya* but notably omits which later doctrine?

Answer: The Trikaya doctrine (three bodies of the Buddha)

While the sutra discusses the *rupa-kaya* and *Dharma-kaya*, it notably omits the later developed Trikaya doctrine, which posits three distinct bodies of the Buddha.

Related Concepts:

  • Which two bodies of the Buddha are mentioned in the sutra, and which doctrine is notably absent?: The sutra discusses the *rupa-kaya* (form body) and the *Dharma-kaya* (truth body) of the Buddha. It does not mention the later developed 'Trikaya' doctrine, which posits three bodies of the Buddha.
  • What is Mark Tatz's assessment of the sutra's philosophical orientation?: Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's thought as 'early Madhyamika' and closely rooted in the Perfection of Wisdom literature, suggesting a philosophical leaning towards the Madhyamaka school.

What does Constantin Regamey translate regarding the Dharmakaya?

Answer: It is identical with space, invisible, and beyond thought.

Constantin Regamey translates a passage describing the Dharmakaya as being identical with space, invisible, beyond thought, placeless, and quiescent, representing the ultimate nature of reality.

Related Concepts:

  • What does Constantin Regamey translate from the sutra regarding the Dharmakaya?: Regamey translates a passage describing the *Dharmakaya* (Absolute Body) of the Tathagata as being identical with space, invisible, beyond thought, placeless, and essentially quiescent, embodying the ultimate nature of reality.

The sutra suggests that meditating deeply on the phrase 'All things are emptiness' can lead to what?

Answer: Understanding the entire Buddhist doctrine.

The sutra suggests that profound meditation on the concept of emptiness, encapsulated in the phrase 'All things are emptiness,' can lead to a comprehensive understanding of the entire Buddhist doctrine.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the phrase 'All things are emptiness' as quoted from the sutra?: The phrase 'All things are emptiness' is presented as a key insight within the sutra. It is suggested that meditating deeply on this single concept can lead to the understanding of the entire Buddhist doctrine, highlighting the profound nature of emptiness.
  • In what diverse ways does the Samadhiraja Sutra employ the term 'samadhi'?: The sutra uses the term 'samadhi' broadly, equating it with the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various bodhisattva practices. It even uses the term to refer to itself and the concept of emptiness.
  • What passage from the sutra is quoted by Dudjom Rinpoche, and what is its message?: Dudjom Rinpoche quotes a passage emphasizing that although sutras may differ in wording, their meaning is the same. It suggests that deep meditation on a single phrase, such as 'All things are emptiness', can lead to understanding all the Buddha's teachings.

What is the 'one single dharma' mentioned in the sutra that leads to the virtues of Buddhas?

Answer: A specific samadhi related to the sameness of all phenomena.

The sutra identifies a specific samadhi, characterized by the sameness of all phenomena, as the singular 'dharma' that facilitates the attainment of the virtues of Buddhas.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the sutra describe the path to acquiring the qualities of a Buddha?: The sutra states that there is 'one single dharma' that leads to the virtues of Buddhas. This dharma is described as a specific samadhi that elaborates on the fundamental sameness of all phenomena.
  • What is the central theme of the Samadhiraja Sutra, and how is it described?: The sutra's main theme is a specific *samadhi*, referred to as the 'King of Samadhis', which is presented as the key to all virtues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. This samadhi is described as 'the samadhi that is manifested as the sameness of the essential nature of all dharmas'.

Scholarly Interpretations of Samadhi

Is the term 'samadhi' in the sutra used narrowly to refer only to deep meditative states?

Answer: False

The term 'samadhi' in the sutra is employed broadly, encompassing not only deep meditative states but also the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of bodhisattva practices.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.
  • In what diverse ways does the Samadhiraja Sutra employ the term 'samadhi'?: The sutra uses the term 'samadhi' broadly, equating it with the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various bodhisattva practices. It even uses the term to refer to itself and the concept of emptiness.

Does the sutra list over three hundred descriptions related to the supreme samadhi?

Answer: True

The sutra enumerates more than three hundred descriptions pertaining to the supreme samadhi, illustrating its multifaceted nature and significance.

Related Concepts:

  • What are some of the numerous descriptions of the samadhi listed in the sutra?: The sutra lists over three hundred descriptions of this samadhi, including concepts like restraint of body, speech, and mind; purity of actions; comprehension of the aggregates; friendliness; sweetness; good conduct; and knowledge of the Truths.
  • In what diverse ways does the Samadhiraja Sutra employ the term 'samadhi'?: The sutra uses the term 'samadhi' broadly, equating it with the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various bodhisattva practices. It even uses the term to refer to itself and the concept of emptiness.

Does Andrew Skilton interpret the extensive list of terms related to samadhi as merely illustrative examples of meditative states?

Answer: False

Andrew Skilton posits that the list of terms itself is presented as the samadhi, or a literary theme referring to the text/list, rather than merely illustrative examples of meditative states.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Andrew Skilton's interpretation of the sutra's extensive list of terms related to samadhi?: Skilton argues that the list itself is presented as the samadhi, or at least a literary theme elaborated upon in the sutra. He suggests that passages encouraging the 'hearing', 'memorizing', or 'reciting' of this samadhi imply that 'samadhi' refers to the text or list itself.
  • What is the relationship between the sutra and the concept of 'samadhi' as a text or formula?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton and Constantin Regamey propose that the extensive list of descriptions of samadhi within the sutra might function as the samadhi itself, either as a literary theme to be elaborated or as a verbal formula to be meditated upon, similar to a mantra or dharani.

Do Gomez and Silk interpret the sutra's extensive list of terms as definitions of the samadhi's meditative state?

Answer: False

Gomez and Silk view the extensive list of terms as potentially containing virtues, merits, or attributes of the samadhi, rather than strict definitions of its meditative state. They note ambiguity regarding whether these are definitions, descriptions, or attributes.

Related Concepts:

  • How do Gomez and Silk interpret the extensive list of terms within the sutra?: Gomez and Silk view the list as containing the virtues, merits, and powers of the samadhi, which they understand as a deep meditative state. They note that it's unclear whether these terms are definitions, descriptions, or attributes of the samadhi.
  • In what diverse ways does the Samadhiraja Sutra employ the term 'samadhi'?: The sutra uses the term 'samadhi' broadly, equating it with the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various bodhisattva practices. It even uses the term to refer to itself and the concept of emptiness.

Does Constantin Regamey suggest the list of terms in the sutra functions as a dharani or verbal formula to be meditated upon?

Answer: True

Constantin Regamey proposes that the list of terms within the sutra functions analogously to a dharani or verbal formula, intended for meditative contemplation.

Do scholars like Skilton and Regamey propose that the list of samadhi descriptions functions as the samadhi itself, potentially as a text or formula?

Answer: True

Scholars such as Skilton and Regamey propose that the extensive list of samadhi descriptions within the sutra may function as the samadhi itself, interpreted either as a literary theme or a verbal formula for meditation.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Constantin Regamey's perspective on the samadhi described in the sutra?: Regamey suggests that the samadhi, particularly the list of terms, functions as a 'verbal formula to be meditated upon,' similar to a dharani. He highlights the sutra's emphasis on preserving this 'samadhi' (the list) through memory or writing.
  • What is Andrew Skilton's interpretation of the sutra's extensive list of terms related to samadhi?: Skilton argues that the list itself is presented as the samadhi, or at least a literary theme elaborated upon in the sutra. He suggests that passages encouraging the 'hearing', 'memorizing', or 'reciting' of this samadhi imply that 'samadhi' refers to the text or list itself.
  • What is the relationship between the sutra and the concept of 'samadhi' as a text or formula?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton and Constantin Regamey propose that the extensive list of descriptions of samadhi within the sutra might function as the samadhi itself, either as a literary theme to be elaborated or as a verbal formula to be meditated upon, similar to a mantra or dharani.

Which of the following is NOT one of the diverse ways the term 'samadhi' is used in the sutra?

Answer: A specific type of ritualistic chanting.

While 'samadhi' in the sutra encompasses the experience of emptiness, Buddhahood attributes, and bodhisattva practices, it is not specifically used to denote a particular type of ritualistic chanting.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the meaning of 'samadhi' in the context of the sutra's broad usage?: In the *Samadhiraja Sutra*, 'samadhi' is used broadly to encompass the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various daily practices by a bodhisattva. It is also equated with the sutra itself and the concept of emptiness.
  • In what diverse ways does the Samadhiraja Sutra employ the term 'samadhi'?: The sutra uses the term 'samadhi' broadly, equating it with the cognitive experience of emptiness, the attainment of Buddhahood attributes, and the performance of various bodhisattva practices. It even uses the term to refer to itself and the concept of emptiness.
  • What is the relationship between the sutra and the concept of 'samadhi' as a text or formula?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton and Constantin Regamey propose that the extensive list of descriptions of samadhi within the sutra might function as the samadhi itself, either as a literary theme to be elaborated or as a verbal formula to be meditated upon, similar to a mantra or dharani.

What is Andrew Skilton's interpretation of the sutra's extensive list of terms related to samadhi?

Answer: The list itself is presented as the samadhi, or a literary theme referring to the text/list.

Andrew Skilton interprets the extensive list of terms related to samadhi as potentially representing the samadhi itself, functioning as a literary theme or the text/list being elaborated upon.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Andrew Skilton's interpretation of the sutra's extensive list of terms related to samadhi?: Skilton argues that the list itself is presented as the samadhi, or at least a literary theme elaborated upon in the sutra. He suggests that passages encouraging the 'hearing', 'memorizing', or 'reciting' of this samadhi imply that 'samadhi' refers to the text or list itself.
  • What is the relationship between the sutra and the concept of 'samadhi' as a text or formula?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton and Constantin Regamey propose that the extensive list of descriptions of samadhi within the sutra might function as the samadhi itself, either as a literary theme to be elaborated or as a verbal formula to be meditated upon, similar to a mantra or dharani.
  • What is Constantin Regamey's perspective on the samadhi described in the sutra?: Regamey suggests that the samadhi, particularly the list of terms, functions as a 'verbal formula to be meditated upon,' similar to a dharani. He highlights the sutra's emphasis on preserving this 'samadhi' (the list) through memory or writing.

Constantin Regamey suggested that the list of terms within the sutra functions similarly to what?

Answer: A dharani or verbal formula to be meditated upon.

Constantin Regamey proposed that the list of terms within the sutra functions analogously to a dharani or verbal formula, intended for meditative practice.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Constantin Regamey's perspective on the samadhi described in the sutra?: Regamey suggests that the samadhi, particularly the list of terms, functions as a 'verbal formula to be meditated upon,' similar to a dharani. He highlights the sutra's emphasis on preserving this 'samadhi' (the list) through memory or writing.

Influence and Reception Across Traditions

Is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* regarded as a minor text with limited significance for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?

Answer: False

Contrary to the assertion, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant text for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian Madhyamaka scholars, including Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.
  • What is the significance of the sutra's citation by Shantideva?: Shantideva, another key Madhyamaka author, cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his work *Śikṣāsamuccaya*. This indicates the sutra's authority and influence among important Indian Buddhist philosophers.

Is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* rarely cited within Tantric Buddhist traditions?

Answer: False

The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is frequently cited within Tantric Buddhist traditions, where its recitation is promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating its perceived efficacy and importance in those contexts.

Related Concepts:

  • How is the Samadhiraja Sutra utilized within Tantric Buddhist traditions?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is widely cited in Tantric Buddhist sources, where its recitation is promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating its importance and perceived efficacy within those practices.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.

Do Gomez and Silk note that the sutra accommodates dimensions like meditation, worship, philosophical speculation, and myth rehearsal?

Answer: True

Gomez and Silk observe that the sutra integrates diverse aspects of Buddhist practice and belief, including meditation, philosophical speculation, worship, and the rehearsal of myths through narrative elements.

Related Concepts:

  • According to Gomez and Silk, what diverse dimensions of Buddhist religion are present in the sutra?: Gomez and Silk note that the sutra accommodates multiple dimensions of Buddhist practice and belief, including meditation, worship of Buddhas, reverence for scriptures (the 'cult of the Book'), philosophical speculation, and the rehearsal of myths through *avadanas*.
  • How do Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position in relation to Madhyamaka?: Gomez and Silk find the sutra's doctrinal position not unambiguously Madhyamaka, but rather 'eclectic and universalistic'. They suggest it would be unproductive to categorize it strictly within a single philosophical school.

Does Mark Tatz characterize the sutra's philosophy as 'late Mahayana' and distinct from Madhyamaka?

Answer: False

Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's philosophy as closely related to early Madhyamaka and rooted in Perfection of Wisdom literature, rather than as 'late Mahayana' distinct from Madhyamaka.

Related Concepts:

  • What is Mark Tatz's assessment of the sutra's philosophical orientation?: Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's thought as 'early Madhyamika' and closely rooted in the Perfection of Wisdom literature, suggesting a philosophical leaning towards the Madhyamaka school.
  • How do Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position in relation to Madhyamaka?: Gomez and Silk find the sutra's doctrinal position not unambiguously Madhyamaka, but rather 'eclectic and universalistic'. They suggest it would be unproductive to categorize it strictly within a single philosophical school.

Do Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position as unambiguously Madhyamaka?

Answer: False

Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position as eclectic and universalistic, rather than unambiguously Madhyamaka, suggesting it resists strict categorization within a single philosophical school.

Related Concepts:

  • How do Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position in relation to Madhyamaka?: Gomez and Silk find the sutra's doctrinal position not unambiguously Madhyamaka, but rather 'eclectic and universalistic'. They suggest it would be unproductive to categorize it strictly within a single philosophical school.
  • What is Mark Tatz's assessment of the sutra's philosophical orientation?: Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's thought as 'early Madhyamika' and closely rooted in the Perfection of Wisdom literature, suggesting a philosophical leaning towards the Madhyamaka school.

Did Candrakirti cite the *Samadhiraja Sutra* only once in his *Prasannapada*?

Answer: False

Candrakirti cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his commentary *Prasannapada*, indicating its significant influence on his Madhyamaka interpretations.

Related Concepts:

  • How frequently did Candrakirti cite the Samadhiraja Sutra in his Prasannapada?: Candrakirti cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his commentary *Prasannapada*. His frequent citations suggest a significant connection between the sutra's teachings and his interpretation of Nagarjuna's foundational Madhyamaka texts.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.

Did Shantideva cite the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his work *Śikṣāsamuccaya*?

Answer: True

Shantideva, a prominent Madhyamaka author, cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his work *Śikṣāsamuccaya*, underscoring the sutra's importance in Indian Buddhist philosophical discourse.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the sutra's citation by Shantideva?: Shantideva, another key Madhyamaka author, cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his work *Śikṣāsamuccaya*. This indicates the sutra's authority and influence among important Indian Buddhist philosophers.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.

Is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* considered one of the nine principal Mahayana texts ('nine Dharmas') in Nepalese Buddhism?

Answer: True

Within Nepalese Buddhism, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* holds significant status as one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, often referred to as the 'nine Dharmas'.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the status of the Samadhiraja Sutra within Nepalese Buddhism?: In Nepalese Buddhism, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* holds significant importance and is considered one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, often referred to as the 'nine Dharmas'.
  • How popular has the Samadhiraja Sutra been in East Asian Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* has not been particularly popular in East Asian Buddhism, and it is seldom quoted or commented upon in that region compared to its influence in India and Tibet.

Has the *Samadhiraja Sutra* been highly popular and frequently quoted in East Asian Buddhism?

Answer: False

The *Samadhiraja Sutra* has not achieved widespread popularity or frequent citation in East Asian Buddhism, contrasting with its reception in India and Tibet.

Related Concepts:

  • How popular has the Samadhiraja Sutra been in East Asian Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* has not been particularly popular in East Asian Buddhism, and it is seldom quoted or commented upon in that region compared to its influence in India and Tibet.
  • How is the Samadhiraja Sutra utilized within Tantric Buddhist traditions?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is widely cited in Tantric Buddhist sources, where its recitation is promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating its importance and perceived efficacy within those practices.

Is the sutra frequently cited in Tibetan philosophical literature, often based on Indian sources?

Answer: True

The sutra is indeed frequently referenced in Tibetan philosophical discourse, often drawing upon quotations found in Indian Buddhist texts, and was studied by traditions such as the Kadampa school.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the general perception of the sutra's influence in Tibet?: While it's debated how much the sutra itself was read in Tibet, it is frequently cited in Tibetan philosophical literature, often based on quotations found in Indian texts. It was studied by the Kadampa school and considered an important source.
  • What is Mark Tatz's assessment of the sutra's philosophical orientation?: Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's thought as 'early Madhyamika' and closely rooted in the Perfection of Wisdom literature, suggesting a philosophical leaning towards the Madhyamaka school.

Does the Kagyu tradition cite the sutra as a key source for *vipassanā* (insight) instructions?

Answer: False

The Kagyu tradition primarily cites the sutra as a source for *shamatha* (calm abiding) instructions, particularly through commentaries by Gampopa, rather than *vipassanā*.

Related Concepts:

  • How is the Samadhiraja Sutra cited within the Kagyu tradition?: The sutra is often cited as a key source for *shamatha* (calm abiding) instructions within the Kagyu tradition, particularly through commentaries by Gampopa. The Kagyu tradition also asserts that the sutra predicted the activities of Gampopa and the Karmapas.

Did Khedrup Jé consider the *Samadhiraja Sutra* the most important Madhyamaka sutra after the Perfection of Wisdom sutras?

Answer: True

Khedrup Jé, a prominent disciple of Tsongkhapa, held the *Samadhiraja Sutra* in high regard, considering it the most significant Madhyamaka sutra subsequent to the Perfection of Wisdom sutras.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.
  • What is the view of Khedrup Jé regarding the Samadhiraja Sutra's importance?: Khedrup Jé, a student of Tsongkhapa, cited the sutra widely and considered it the most important Madhyamaka sutra after the Perfection of Wisdom sutras, highlighting its significant role in Tibetan Buddhist scholarship.

Does Dudjom Rinpoche quote a passage suggesting that different sutras, despite wording, share the same meaning when deeply understood?

Answer: True

Dudjom Rinpoche quotes a passage from the sutra that emphasizes the underlying unity of meaning across different scriptural texts, suggesting that profound understanding reveals shared import regardless of linguistic variation.

Why is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* considered highly significant for the Madhyamaka school?

Answer: It is frequently cited by prominent Indian Madhyamaka authors like Chandrakirti and Shantideva.

The *Samadhiraja Sutra*'s significance for the Madhyamaka school stems from its frequent citation by key Indian Madhyamaka figures such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, indicating its foundational role in the tradition.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.
  • What is the significance of the sutra's citation by Shantideva?: Shantideva, another key Madhyamaka author, cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his work *Śikṣāsamuccaya*. This indicates the sutra's authority and influence among important Indian Buddhist philosophers.
  • How frequently did Candrakirti cite the Samadhiraja Sutra in his Prasannapada?: Candrakirti cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his commentary *Prasannapada*. His frequent citations suggest a significant connection between the sutra's teachings and his interpretation of Nagarjuna's foundational Madhyamaka texts.

How was the *Samadhiraja Sutra* utilized within Tantric Buddhist traditions?

Answer: Its recitation was promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating perceived efficacy.

Within Tantric Buddhist traditions, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* was utilized through its recitation for ritualistic purposes, suggesting its perceived efficacy and importance in practice.

Related Concepts:

  • How is the Samadhiraja Sutra utilized within Tantric Buddhist traditions?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is widely cited in Tantric Buddhist sources, where its recitation is promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating its importance and perceived efficacy within those practices.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.
  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.

According to Gomez and Silk, what diverse dimensions of Buddhist religion are present in the sutra?

Answer: Meditation, philosophical speculation, and worship of Buddhas.

Gomez and Silk note that the sutra encompasses diverse dimensions of Buddhist religion, including meditation, philosophical speculation, the worship of Buddhas, and the 'cult of the Book' (reverence for scriptures).

Related Concepts:

  • How do Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position in relation to Madhyamaka?: Gomez and Silk find the sutra's doctrinal position not unambiguously Madhyamaka, but rather 'eclectic and universalistic'. They suggest it would be unproductive to categorize it strictly within a single philosophical school.
  • According to Gomez and Silk, what diverse dimensions of Buddhist religion are present in the sutra?: Gomez and Silk note that the sutra accommodates multiple dimensions of Buddhist practice and belief, including meditation, worship of Buddhas, reverence for scriptures (the 'cult of the Book'), philosophical speculation, and the rehearsal of myths through *avadanas*.
  • What is Mark Tatz's assessment of the sutra's philosophical orientation?: Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's thought as 'early Madhyamika' and closely rooted in the Perfection of Wisdom literature, suggesting a philosophical leaning towards the Madhyamaka school.

How do Gomez and Silk characterize the sutra's doctrinal position in relation to Madhyamaka?

Answer: Eclectic and universalistic, not strictly Madhyamaka.

Gomez and Silk characterize the sutra's doctrinal position as eclectic and universalistic, suggesting it resists strict classification as purely Madhyamaka.

Related Concepts:

  • How do Gomez and Silk describe the sutra's doctrinal position in relation to Madhyamaka?: Gomez and Silk find the sutra's doctrinal position not unambiguously Madhyamaka, but rather 'eclectic and universalistic'. They suggest it would be unproductive to categorize it strictly within a single philosophical school.
  • What is Mark Tatz's assessment of the sutra's philosophical orientation?: Mark Tatz characterizes the sutra's thought as 'early Madhyamika' and closely rooted in the Perfection of Wisdom literature, suggesting a philosophical leaning towards the Madhyamaka school.

How many times did Candrakirti cite the *Samadhiraja Sutra* in his commentary *Prasannapada*?

Answer: Twenty times

Candrakirti cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times within his commentary *Prasannapada*, highlighting its importance in his Madhyamaka scholarship.

Related Concepts:

  • How frequently did Candrakirti cite the Samadhiraja Sutra in his Prasannapada?: Candrakirti cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his commentary *Prasannapada*. His frequent citations suggest a significant connection between the sutra's teachings and his interpretation of Nagarjuna's foundational Madhyamaka texts.
  • What is the significance of the sutra's citation by Shantideva?: Shantideva, another key Madhyamaka author, cited the *Samadhiraja Sutra* twenty times in his work *Śikṣāsamuccaya*. This indicates the sutra's authority and influence among important Indian Buddhist philosophers.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.

What is the status of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* within Nepalese Buddhism?

Answer: It is one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, known as the 'nine Dharmas'.

In Nepalese Buddhism, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is recognized as one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, commonly referred to as the 'nine Dharmas'.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the status of the Samadhiraja Sutra within Nepalese Buddhism?: In Nepalese Buddhism, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* holds significant importance and is considered one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, often referred to as the 'nine Dharmas'.
  • How popular has the Samadhiraja Sutra been in East Asian Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* has not been particularly popular in East Asian Buddhism, and it is seldom quoted or commented upon in that region compared to its influence in India and Tibet.
  • How is the Samadhiraja Sutra utilized within Tantric Buddhist traditions?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is widely cited in Tantric Buddhist sources, where its recitation is promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating its importance and perceived efficacy within those practices.

How popular has the *Samadhiraja Sutra* been in East Asian Buddhism compared to India and Tibet?

Answer: It has not been particularly popular and is seldom quoted in East Asia.

The *Samadhiraja Sutra*'s popularity and frequency of citation in East Asian Buddhism have been notably limited compared to its influence in India and Tibet.

Related Concepts:

  • How popular has the Samadhiraja Sutra been in East Asian Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* has not been particularly popular in East Asian Buddhism, and it is seldom quoted or commented upon in that region compared to its influence in India and Tibet.
  • How is the Samadhiraja Sutra utilized within Tantric Buddhist traditions?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is widely cited in Tantric Buddhist sources, where its recitation is promoted for ritualistic purposes, indicating its importance and perceived efficacy within those practices.
  • What is the status of the Samadhiraja Sutra within Nepalese Buddhism?: In Nepalese Buddhism, the *Samadhiraja Sutra* holds significant importance and is considered one of the nine principal Mahayana texts, often referred to as the 'nine Dharmas'.

Which prominent Tibetan master, a student of Tsongkhapa, considered the sutra highly important?

Answer: Khedrup Jé

Khedrup Jé, a distinguished student of Tsongkhapa, held the *Samadhiraja Sutra* in high esteem, considering it the most important Madhyamaka sutra after the Perfection of Wisdom sutras.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the view of Khedrup Jé regarding the Samadhiraja Sutra's importance?: Khedrup Jé, a student of Tsongkhapa, cited the sutra widely and considered it the most important Madhyamaka sutra after the Perfection of Wisdom sutras, highlighting its significant role in Tibetan Buddhist scholarship.
  • Which prominent Tibetan masters and authors cite the Samadhiraja Sutra?: The sutra is cited by numerous Tibetan masters across different traditions, including Sakya masters, Longchenpa, Minling Terchen, Drikung Chökyi Trakpa, Jamgön Kongtrul, Mipham, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, and Jigme Tenpai Nyima.
  • What is the general perception of the sutra's influence in Tibet?: While it's debated how much the sutra itself was read in Tibet, it is frequently cited in Tibetan philosophical literature, often based on quotations found in Indian texts. It was studied by the Kadampa school and considered an important source.

Textual Variants and Translations

Are Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts of the sutra consistently shorter than the Gilgit manuscript?

Answer: False

Some Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and contain additional material not present in the Tibetan translation, indicating textual variation.

Related Concepts:

  • How do Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts of the sutra compare to the Tibetan translation?: Some Sanskrit manuscripts found in Nepal are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and closer in content to the Tibetan translation. Interestingly, certain Nepalese versions even contain material not present in the Tibetan translation.

Are the Sanskrit versions of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* predominantly written in classical Sanskrit?

Answer: False

The Sanskrit versions of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* are predominantly written in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) or are heavily influenced by it, reflecting a common linguistic characteristic of Mahayana Buddhist texts.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.
  • What language is predominantly used in the Sanskrit versions of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: The Sanskrit versions of the sutra are primarily written in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) or are heavily influenced by it, reflecting a common linguistic trend in Mahayana Buddhist texts of that era.

What is notable about the complete Sanskrit manuscript found near Gilgit compared to the Tibetan translation?

Answer: It is notably shorter than the Tibetan translation.

The complete Sanskrit manuscript of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* discovered near Gilgit, dated to the sixth century, is notably shorter than its Tibetan translation.

Related Concepts:

  • How do Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts of the sutra compare to the Tibetan translation?: Some Sanskrit manuscripts found in Nepal are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and closer in content to the Tibetan translation. Interestingly, certain Nepalese versions even contain material not present in the Tibetan translation.
  • What is known about the Sanskrit manuscripts of the Samadhiraja Sutra found in Central Asia and Gilgit?: Fragments from three Central Asian Sanskrit manuscripts have been found, dating to the fifth or sixth centuries. A complete Sanskrit manuscript discovered near Gilgit in 1938 is dated to the sixth century, though it is notably shorter than the Tibetan translation.

How do some Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts compare to the Gilgit manuscript and the Tibetan translation?

Answer: Some are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and closer to the Tibetan, containing additional material.

Certain Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts of the sutra are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and align more closely with the Tibetan translation, sometimes including additional material.

Related Concepts:

  • How do Nepalese Sanskrit manuscripts of the sutra compare to the Tibetan translation?: Some Sanskrit manuscripts found in Nepal are longer than the Gilgit manuscript and closer in content to the Tibetan translation. Interestingly, certain Nepalese versions even contain material not present in the Tibetan translation.

What language is predominantly used in the Sanskrit manuscripts of the *Samadhiraja Sutra*?

Answer: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) or heavily influenced by it

The Sanskrit manuscripts of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* are predominantly written in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) or exhibit significant BHS influence, a common linguistic feature of Mahayana texts.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.
  • What language is predominantly used in the Sanskrit versions of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: The Sanskrit versions of the sutra are primarily written in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) or are heavily influenced by it, reflecting a common linguistic trend in Mahayana Buddhist texts of that era.

What criticism did Gomez and Silk level against Nalinaksha Dutt's 1941 Sanskrit edition?

Answer: It was a conflation of manuscripts and possibly a reconstruction from the Tibetan.

Gomez and Silk critiqued Nalinaksha Dutt's 1941 Sanskrit edition, suggesting it was a conflation of various manuscripts and potentially a reconstruction derived from the Tibetan translation.

Related Concepts:

  • Who published an English summary of a Sanskrit version of the sutra, and what criticisms were made of this edition?: Nalinaksha Dutt published a Sanskrit version in Devanagari script with an English summary in 1941. However, Gomez and Silk critiqued this edition, stating it was a conflation of manuscripts and, at worst, a reconstruction from the Tibetan, deeming it wanting in several respects.

Linguistic and Stylistic Features

Is the *Samadhiraja Sutra* written exclusively in verse?

Answer: False

The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is characterized by a mixed stylistic structure, incorporating both prose and verse, rather than being exclusively in verse.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the main stylistic structure of the Samadhiraja Sutra's chapters?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is written in a mixed style of prose and verse. Its chapters are categorized by Gomez and Silk into those forming the main narrative, those containing *avadanas* (stories of past lives), and the bulk of the text, which consists of expository prose and verse.
  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.

What is the primary stylistic structure of the *Samadhiraja Sutra*'s chapters?

Answer: A mixed style of prose and verse.

The chapters of the *Samadhiraja Sutra* are characterized by a mixed style, incorporating both prose and verse, alongside narrative and expository sections.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the main stylistic structure of the Samadhiraja Sutra's chapters?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is written in a mixed style of prose and verse. Its chapters are categorized by Gomez and Silk into those forming the main narrative, those containing *avadanas* (stories of past lives), and the bulk of the text, which consists of expository prose and verse.
  • What are the scholarly views on the composition of the Samadhiraja Sutra?: Scholars like Andrew Skilton suggest that the *Samadhiraja Sutra* is likely a composite work, possibly compiled from earlier, shorter texts. It shows affinities with the *Prajnaparamita* literature and other early Mahayana scriptures.
  • What is the significance of the Samadhiraja Sutra for the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism?: The *Samadhiraja Sutra* is considered a highly significant source for the Madhyamaka school. It is frequently cited by prominent Indian authors associated with this philosophical tradition, such as Chandrakirti and Shantideva, and has been described as a crucial scriptural source for Madhyamika philosophy.

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