Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 7
Section 28 was also known as Clause 27 in Scottish legislation.
Answer: False
Section 28 was referred to as Clause 28 and, in Scottish legislation, was designated as Section 2A.
Section 28 became law on May 24, 1988, during Margaret Thatcher's premiership.
Answer: True
Section 28 was enacted on May 24, 1988, during Margaret Thatcher's tenure as Prime Minister.
Section 28 was enacted in England, Scotland, and Wales.
Answer: True
The legislation, Section 28, was initially enacted across England, Scotland, and Wales.
In which year did Section 28 come into effect?
Answer: 1988
Section 28 was enacted in 1988.
Which Prime Minister was in power when Section 28 became law?
Answer: Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minister when Section 28 was enacted into law.
What was the designation for Section 28 in Scottish legislation?
Answer: Section 2A
In Scotland, Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988 was referred to as Section 2A.
In which parts of the UK was Section 28 initially enacted?
Answer: England, Scotland, and Wales
Section 28 was initially enacted in England, Scotland, and Wales.
Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988 prohibited local authorities from intentionally promoting homosexuality or publishing material with that intent.
Answer: True
Section 28 prohibited local authorities from intentionally promoting homosexuality or publishing material with the intention of promoting it, and forbade teaching the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship.
Section 28 created a clear legal framework that encouraged educators to discuss sexual orientation openly.
Answer: False
Section 28 generated considerable ambiguity, leading many educators to avoid discussing homosexuality due to concerns about what constituted 'promotion'.
A government circular stated Section 28 prevented any discussion of homosexuality in classrooms.
Answer: False
A government circular clarified that Section 28 would not preclude objective discussions of homosexuality or counseling for students concerned about their sexuality.
Section 28 explicitly prohibited the teaching of homosexuality as a valid family relationship.
Answer: True
A key provision of Section 28 forbade the teaching in maintained schools of the acceptability of homosexuality as a 'pretended family relationship'.
What was the primary prohibition outlined in Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988?
Answer: Prohibiting local authorities from intentionally promoting homosexuality or publishing material promoting it.
Section 28's core prohibition was against local authorities intentionally promoting homosexuality or disseminating material with that intent.
What effect did Section 28 have on the education sector regarding discussions of homosexuality?
Answer: It created uncertainty, causing many teachers to avoid discussing homosexuality.
The ambiguity of Section 28 led to widespread uncertainty among educators, resulting in many avoiding discussions about homosexuality in classrooms.
Homosexuality between men over the age of 21 was decriminalized in England and Wales in 1957.
Answer: False
The decriminalization of homosexual acts between men over 21 in England and Wales occurred in 1967, following the Wolfenden report.
The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s led to decreased stigmatization of gay men.
Answer: False
The HIV/AIDS epidemic exacerbated the stigmatization of gay men, contributing to increased discrimination.
A 1987 British Social Attitudes Survey indicated that 75% of the population considered homosexual activity 'always or mostly wrong'.
Answer: True
A 1987 survey revealed that a significant majority (75%) of the British public viewed homosexual activity as 'always or mostly wrong'.
Prior to Section 28, homosexuality between men over 21 was decriminalized in England and Wales under which Act?
Answer: The Sexual Offences Act 1967
The decriminalization of homosexual acts between men over 21 in England and Wales was achieved through the Sexual Offences Act 1967.
How did the HIV/AIDS epidemic influence the social climate leading up to Section 28?
Answer: It increased the stigmatization of gay men and contributed to discrimination.
The HIV/AIDS epidemic, particularly its association with gay and bisexual men, intensified societal stigma and discrimination against the LGBT community.
What was the public opinion on homosexual activity according to a 1987 British Social Attitudes Survey?
Answer: 75% considered it 'always or mostly wrong'.
A 1987 British Social Attitudes Survey indicated that 75% of respondents viewed homosexual activity as 'always or mostly wrong'.
Which book, frequently referenced in parliamentary debates, caused outrage in the press and contributed to the lead-up to Section 28?
Answer: 'Jenny Lives with Eric and Martin'
The book 'Jenny Lives with Eric and Martin,' which depicted a child living with her father and his male partner, generated significant media outrage and was frequently cited in parliamentary discussions leading to Section 28.
Key arguments used by supporters of Section 28 included protecting children from 'indoctrination' into homosexuality.
Answer: True
A primary justification offered by proponents of Section 28 was the purported need to shield children from 'indoctrination' concerning homosexuality.
Opponents of Section 28 argued it helped address homophobic bullying by allowing open discussion.
Answer: False
Opponents contended that Section 28 hindered efforts to combat homophobic bullying by restricting open discussion and creating an environment of fear.
The Secondary Heads Association and NASUWT argued that sex education policy should be solely the responsibility of parents and governors.
Answer: False
These associations argued against placing the sole responsibility for sex education policy on parents and governors, implying a need for broader guidance.
The Salvation Army was among the religious groups that expressed support for Section 28.
Answer: True
The Salvation Army, along with other religious organizations, publicly supported Section 28.
Newspapers like The Guardian and The Independent were noted for strongly supporting Section 28.
Answer: False
The Guardian and The Independent were among the newspapers that strongly opposed Section 28, while publications like The Daily Mail and The Sun supported it.
Jill Knight asserted Section 28's aim was to promote homosexuality in schools.
Answer: False
Jill Knight asserted that Section 28's objective was to prevent homosexuality from being 'thrust upon' children in schools.
Lord Somers argued that homosexuality was normal and should be openly taught.
Answer: False
Lord Somers argued that homosexuality was abnormal and that Section 28 did not prohibit homosexuality itself but rather discouraged its teaching, citing concerns about 'bad habits'.
The Daily Record newspaper was noted for strongly supporting the repeal of Section 28.
Answer: False
The Daily Record was among the newspapers that strongly supported Section 28, contrasting with publications like The Guardian and The Independent which opposed it.
What was a primary argument used by supporters of Section 28?
Answer: To protect children from 'indoctrination' into homosexuality.
A central argument from supporters of Section 28 was the protection of children from what they termed 'indoctrination' into homosexuality.
Which of the following was a primary argument made by opponents of Section 28?
Answer: It discriminated against LGBT people and endangered vulnerable youth.
Opponents argued that Section 28 constituted discrimination against LGBT individuals and posed a danger to vulnerable youth by inhibiting necessary discussions.
Which newspapers were noted for strongly supporting Section 28?
Answer: The Daily Mail, The Sun
Newspapers such as The Daily Mail and The Sun were prominent in their strong support for Section 28.
The legislation led to the closure or limitation of activities for many LGBT organizations, including student groups.
Answer: True
Section 28 resulted in the closure or restriction of activities for numerous LGBT organizations and student groups.
The implementation of Section 28 served to galvanize the British LGBT rights movement, leading to groups like Stonewall.
Answer: True
The passage of Section 28 acted as a catalyst, unifying and energizing the LGBT rights movement and contributing to the formation of key organizations such as Stonewall.
Catherine Lee's 2018 study found LGBT teachers were more open about their sexuality after Section 28's repeal.
Answer: True
Catherine Lee's 2018 research indicated that LGBT teachers who qualified after Section 28's repeal were significantly more open about their sexuality compared to those who taught under its provisions.
A 2014 Stonewall report indicated most teachers felt confident teaching LGBT issues.
Answer: False
A 2014 Stonewall report found that a substantial percentage of teachers, particularly in primary education, expressed uncertainty about their ability to teach LGBT issues.
The 'Knitting Circle' was a campaign group that successfully lobbied for Section 28.
Answer: False
The 'Knitting Circle' reference pertains to newspaper clippings documenting the use of Section 28 to close LGBT student groups, not a lobbying campaign.
How did Section 28 immediately impact many LGBT organizations?
Answer: It caused the closure or limitation of their activities.
Section 28 directly led to the closure or restriction of activities for many LGBT organizations and community groups.
How did Section 28 impact the formation of LGBT rights organizations in the UK?
Answer: It galvanized the movement, leading to the formation of groups like Stonewall.
The implementation of Section 28 served as a significant catalyst, galvanizing the LGBT rights movement and contributing to the establishment of prominent groups like Stonewall.
What did a 2014 Stonewall report find regarding teachers' knowledge of teaching LGBT issues after Section 28's abolition?
Answer: 37% of primary teachers and 29% of secondary teachers were unsure if they could teach LGBT issues.
A 2014 Stonewall report indicated that 37% of primary teachers and 29% of secondary teachers felt uncertain about their ability to teach LGBT issues.
Section 28 was repealed in Scotland on June 21, 2000, through the Local Government Act 2003.
Answer: False
Section 28 was repealed in Scotland on June 21, 2000, via the Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000.
Section 28 was repealed in England and Wales in November 2003 as part of the Local Government Act 2003.
Answer: True
The repeal of Section 28 in England and Wales occurred in November 2003, enacted through the Local Government Act 2003.
The Liberal Democrats and the Green Party supported the repeal of Section 28.
Answer: True
The Liberal Democrats and the Green Party were among the political parties that advocated for the repeal of Section 28.
In Scotland, 99 Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) voted in favor of repealing Section 2A.
Answer: True
The repeal of Section 2A in Scotland was supported by 99 MSPs, with 17 voting against and two abstaining.
Kent County Council introduced school curriculum guidelines after repeal that mirrored Section 28's intent.
Answer: True
Following the repeal of Section 28, Kent County Council implemented curriculum guidelines that echoed its prohibition on the 'promotion of homosexuality'.
The film 'Blue Jean' (2022) is cited as a cultural depiction inspired by the impact of Section 28.
Answer: True
The film 'Blue Jean' (2022) is one of several cultural works noted for drawing inspiration from the era and impact of Section 28.
A 2013 investigation found that most schools had updated their SRE policies to be fully inclusive post-repeal.
Answer: False
A 2013 investigation revealed that a significant number of schools retained SRE policies that either mirrored Section 28's language or remained ambiguous regarding LGBT identities.
Janine Walker and Jo Bates' 2016 research found ample availability of LGBT resources in school libraries post-repeal.
Answer: False
Walker and Bates' 2016 study indicated that the availability of LGBT literature and resources in school libraries remained limited, and librarians often lacked the necessary expertise.
The House of Commons Library report in 2023 commemorated the 10th anniversary of Section 28's repeal.
Answer: False
The 2023 House of Commons Library report marked the 20th anniversary of Section 28's repeal, not the 10th.
When was Section 28 repealed in Scotland?
Answer: June 2000
Section 28 was repealed in Scotland on June 21, 2000.
Which Act facilitated the repeal of Section 28 in Scotland?
Answer: The Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000
The repeal of Section 28 in Scotland was enacted through the Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000.
When was Section 28 repealed in England and Wales?
Answer: November 2003
Section 28 was repealed in England and Wales in November 2003.
Which political parties supported the repeal of Section 28?
Answer: Liberal Democrats and Green Party
The Liberal Democrats and the Green Party were key political parties that actively supported the repeal of Section 28.
What was the outcome of the vote for the repeal of Section 2A in Scotland?
Answer: It was supported by a majority of 99 MSPs, with 17 voting against.
The vote to repeal Section 2A in Scotland resulted in 99 MSPs voting in favor, with 17 voting against and two abstaining.
What did Kent County Council introduce after Section 28's repeal that mirrored its intent?
Answer: School curriculum guidelines prohibiting the 'promotion of homosexuality'.
Kent County Council implemented school curriculum guidelines that echoed Section 28's prohibition on the 'promotion of homosexuality'.
What comparison has been drawn between recent British policy and Section 28?
Answer: Policies restricting discussion or promotion of LGBTQ+ topics.
Recent policies, such as those concerning young transgender individuals, have been compared to Section 28 due to concerns about potential restrictions on LGBTQ+ topics.
Conservative MP David Wilshire proposed the amendment that became Section 28 in the House of Commons.
Answer: True
Conservative Member of Parliament David Wilshire introduced the amendment that would become Section 28 during parliamentary debate.
No local authorities were successfully prosecuted under Section 28, although legal challenges occurred.
Answer: True
While legal challenges were mounted against local authorities concerning Section 28, no successful prosecutions were recorded.
The Sheena Strain case involved a challenge to Glasgow City Council's funding of a gay youth club.
Answer: False
The Sheena Strain case concerned a challenge to Glasgow City Council's funding of an HIV/AIDS awareness organization's guide, not directly a gay youth club.
Section 28 fostered unity within the Conservative Party, with leaders consistently supporting its retention.
Answer: False
Section 28 created significant divisions within the Conservative Party, particularly between modernizing factions and social conservatives.
Baroness Young led an organized campaign in the House of Lords supporting the repeal of Section 28.
Answer: False
Baroness Young led an opposition campaign in the House of Lords against the repeal of Section 28.
Brian Souter led the country's 'Keep the Clause' campaign in Scotland.
Answer: True
Businessman Brian Souter was a prominent figure who spearheaded the 'Keep the Clause' campaign in Scotland.
A demonstration against Section 28 in Manchester in February 1988 was attended by approximately 2,500 people.
Answer: False
The Manchester demonstration against Section 28 in February 1988 was attended by approximately 25,000 people, not 2,500.
Michael Howard stated in 2005 that the problem Section 28 addressed still existed.
Answer: False
In 2005, Michael Howard stated that the issue Section 28 was intended to address no longer persisted and that the law should be removed from the statute books.
David Cameron voted for the repeal of Section 28 in 2003.
Answer: False
David Cameron initially voted against the repeal of Section 28 in 2003, though his stance evolved over time.
Tony Benn warned against giving judges broad power to interpret 'promote' in Section 28.
Answer: True
Tony Benn cautioned Parliament about the potential for broad judicial interpretation of the term 'promote' within Section 28.
Nicola Sturgeon agreed that Brian Souter's postal ballot showed overwhelming support for repeal.
Answer: False
Nicola Sturgeon acknowledged the concerns raised by Brian Souter's ballot regarding repeal but did not agree it showed overwhelming support.
The Equality Network campaigned against the repeal of Section 28 in Scotland.
Answer: False
The Equality Network was a prominent organization that led the campaign advocating for the repeal of Section 28 in Scotland.
The 'Gay Sex Now' guide was used to justify the retention of Section 28.
Answer: False
The 'Gay Sex Now' guide was part of an HIV/AIDS awareness initiative; its use in justifying Section 28's retention was contested and not its primary purpose.
David Cameron's stance on Section 28 remained consistent throughout his leadership.
Answer: False
David Cameron's position on Section 28 evolved; he initially opposed its repeal but later apologized for the law's introduction.
Who proposed the amendment that became Section 28 in the House of Commons?
Answer: David Wilshire
Conservative MP David Wilshire introduced the amendment that eventually became Section 28 in the House of Commons.
Were there any successful prosecutions of local authorities under Section 28?
Answer: No, no local authorities were successfully prosecuted.
Despite legal challenges, no local authorities faced successful prosecutions under the provisions of Section 28.
What was the nature of the legal challenge in Glasgow involving Sheena Strain and Glasgow City Council?
Answer: Arguing that council tax funded the promotion of homosexuality via an HIV/AIDS awareness organization's guide.
The Sheena Strain case involved an argument that her council tax contributions were used to promote homosexuality, specifically through funding an HIV/AIDS awareness guide.
How did Section 28 affect the Conservative Party?
Answer: It heightened tensions between modernizers and social conservatives, leading to defections.
Section 28 exacerbated internal divisions within the Conservative Party, contributing to defections and highlighting ideological rifts.
Who led an organized opposition campaign in the House of Lords against the initial attempt to repeal Section 28?
Answer: Baroness Young
Baroness Young was instrumental in organizing opposition within the House of Lords against early efforts to repeal Section 28.
Who led the country's 'Keep the Clause' campaign in Scotland?
Answer: Brian Souter
Brian Souter was the leader of the 'Keep the Clause' campaign in Scotland, which aimed to retain Section 28.