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Total Categories: 6
Shaozhou Tuhua is primarily spoken in the southern Guangdong province of China.
Answer: False
The source indicates that Shaozhou Tuhua is spoken in the *northern* Guangdong province, specifically in the Shaoguan region and surrounding areas, not the southern part.
Yuebei Tuhua is an alternative name for Shaozhou Tuhua, signifying 'Southern Guangdong Tuhua'.
Answer: False
Yuebei Tuhua translates to 'Northern Guangdong Tuhua,' not 'Southern Guangdong Tuhua.' This name reflects its geographic location within Guangdong province.
The designation 'Shaozhou Tuhua' directly references the dialect's origin within the Shaoguan region.
Answer: True
The term 'Shaozhou' is historically associated with the Shaoguan prefecture-level city, indicating the dialect's geographical roots.
Shaozhou Tuhua is primarily spoken in rural areas of northern Guangdong.
Answer: True
The dialect is predominantly found in rural communities across several counties and districts within the northern Guangdong province.
What is Shaozhou Tuhua, and where is it primarily spoken?
Answer: An unclassified Chinese variety spoken in the northern Guangdong province of China.
Shaozhou Tuhua is identified as an unclassified Chinese variety predominantly spoken in the rural areas of northern Guangdong province, specifically within the Shaoguan region and adjacent territories.
Shaozhou Tuhua is considered mutually intelligible with Mandarin Chinese.
Answer: False
The source material explicitly states that Shaozhou Tuhua is mutually unintelligible with Mandarin Chinese, as well as Cantonese and Xiang.
Linguistically, Shaozhou Tuhua is classified as a distinct branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
Answer: False
While Shaozhou Tuhua belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, it is classified as an *unclassified variety* within the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, not as a distinct branch itself.
The classification of Shaozhou Tuhua as an 'unclassified Chinese variety' implies it is unrelated to any other Chinese dialects.
Answer: False
Describing Shaozhou Tuhua as an 'unclassified Chinese variety' means that it does not fit neatly into established dialectal categories and its precise relationships are debated, not that it is entirely unrelated to other Chinese dialects.
Some scholars propose that Shaozhou Tuhua evolved directly from modern Mandarin.
Answer: False
Scholarly perspectives suggest influences from Middle Gan and other historical varieties, but not a direct evolution from modern Mandarin. It is considered an unclassified variety distinct from Mandarin.
The Song dynasty is mentioned as a period potentially influencing the development of Shaozhou Tuhua.
Answer: True
Scholarly analysis suggests that potential influences from Middle Gan, a historical Chinese dialect, are linked to the Song Dynasty period in the development of Shaozhou Tuhua.
The Navbox 'Sino-Tibetan branches' places Shaozhou Tuhua within the broader Sino-Tibetan language family.
Answer: True
This navigational box categorizes Shaozhou Tuhua as part of the extensive Sino-Tibetan language family, which includes numerous languages across Asia.
The Navbox 'Chinese language' categorizes Shaozhou Tuhua as a type of Cantonese.
Answer: False
Within the 'Chinese language' navigational box, Shaozhou Tuhua is categorized as 'Unclassified,' distinguishing it from major groups like Cantonese (Yue).
Shaozhou Tuhua is considered a well-classified dialect closely related to Mandarin.
Answer: False
Shaozhou Tuhua is classified as an 'unclassified Chinese variety,' indicating that its precise relationships are debated and it is not considered closely related to Mandarin in a way that implies easy mutual intelligibility or standard classification.
Shaozhou Tuhua is mutually unintelligible with Cantonese.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that Shaozhou Tuhua is mutually unintelligible with Cantonese, as well as Mandarin and Xiang.
Some scholars suggest Shaozhou Tuhua exhibits influences from Hakka and Southwestern Mandarin.
Answer: True
Scholarly perspectives indicate that Shaozhou Tuhua may have developed with influences from Hakka and Southwestern Mandarin, in addition to potential historical Gan roots.
The classification of Shaozhou Tuhua is universally agreed upon by linguists.
Answer: False
The classification of Shaozhou Tuhua is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate and is not universally agreed upon, as evidenced by its designation as an 'unclassified Chinese variety'.
How does Shaozhou Tuhua relate in mutual intelligibility to major Chinese varieties such as Mandarin and Cantonese?
Answer: It is mutually unintelligible with both Mandarin and Cantonese.
Shaozhou Tuhua is explicitly stated to be mutually unintelligible with both Mandarin and Cantonese, as well as Xiang, indicating significant linguistic divergence.
According to scholarly views presented, what is one proposed classification basis for Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: It is an extension of Ping Chinese (Pinghua).
Some scholars classify Shaozhou Tuhua as an extension of Ping Chinese (Pinghua), a variety spoken in the Guangxi region, representing one perspective on its linguistic affiliation.
What historical period is linked to the potential Middle Gan influences observed in Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: Song Dynasty
Scholarly analysis suggests that potential influences from Middle Gan, a historical Chinese dialect, are linked to the Song Dynasty period in the development of Shaozhou Tuhua.
What does the classification 'unclassified Chinese variety' imply about Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: It does not fit easily into standard dialect categories and its relationships are debated.
Being designated an 'unclassified Chinese variety' means that Shaozhou Tuhua does not align straightforwardly with established dialectal classifications, and its precise linguistic relationships remain a subject of scholarly discussion.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Shaozhou Tuhua according to the source?
Answer: It is classified as a subgroup of Cantonese.
Shaozhou Tuhua is classified as an 'unclassified Chinese variety,' not as a subgroup of Cantonese. Other characteristics listed are supported by the source material.
The Navbox 'Chinese language' places Shaozhou Tuhua under which category?
Answer: Unclassified
Within the 'Chinese language' navigational box, Shaozhou Tuhua is categorized under 'Unclassified,' indicating its distinctiveness from major recognized dialect groups.
Which of the following is a potential influence mentioned in the classification of Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: Hakka
Scholarly discussions on Shaozhou Tuhua's classification suggest potential influences from Hakka, alongside historical Gan and Southwestern Mandarin.
Scholars like Chen (2012) attribute the similarities between the Shibei dialect and Hakka to historical migration patterns.
Answer: False
Chen (2012) attributes the similarities between the Shibei dialect and Hakka not to migration patterns, but to intensive contact between the speakers of these two varieties.
Laurent Sagart (2001) proposed that the Nanxiong dialect, a variety of Shaozhou Tuhua, is most closely related to Min Chinese.
Answer: False
Laurent Sagart's 2001 research proposed that the Nanxiong dialect is most closely related to Hakka Chinese, not Min Chinese.
Søren Egerod's 1983 hypothesis suggested the Nanxiong dialect had a closer relationship to Hakka Chinese.
Answer: False
Søren Egerod's 1983 hypothesis proposed that the Nanxiong dialect shared a closer relationship with the Min Chinese language family, contrasting with later proposals.
Li & Zhuang (2009) documented dialects of Shaozhou Tuhua, including Dacun, Xiangyang, and Shibei.
Answer: True
The research by Li & Zhuang (2009) identified and documented several dialects of Shaozhou Tuhua, such as Dacun (in Qujiang District), Xiangyang (in Wujiang District), and Shibei (in Zhenjiang District).
Zhang Shuangqing (2004) identified five dialects of Lianzhou Tuhua, including the Xingzi and Bao'an varieties.
Answer: True
Zhang Shuangqing's 2004 study identified five dialects within Lianzhou Tuhua: Xingzi, Bao'an, Lianzhou, Xi'an, and Fengyang.
The Xingzi dialect, a variety of Lianzhou Tuhua, has approximately 120,000 speakers and is spoken in several towns.
Answer: True
The Xingzi dialect is spoken in towns such as Xingzi, Qingjiang, Shantang, Tanling, Dalubian, and parts of Mabu and Yao'an, with an estimated speaker count of 120,000.
The Bao'an dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua has fewer than 20,000 speakers.
Answer: False
The Bao'an dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua has an estimated speaker count of approximately 30,000, not fewer than 20,000.
The Lianzhou dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua is locally known as Mansheng.
Answer: False
The local name 'Mansheng' is associated with the Xi'an and Fengyang dialects of Lianzhou Tuhua, not the Lianzhou dialect itself, which is known as 'at24 pi55 sheng'.
The Xi'an dialect, a variety of Lianzhou Tuhua, is also known locally as Mansheng and has approximately 30,000 speakers.
Answer: True
The Xi'an dialect is indeed locally referred to as Mansheng and has an estimated speaker population of around 30,000.
The Fengyang dialect, a variety of Lianzhou Tuhua, has roughly 50,000 speakers and is also locally known as Mansheng.
Answer: True
The Fengyang dialect is characterized by approximately 50,000 speakers and shares the local name 'Mansheng' with the Xi'an dialect.
The Fengyang dialect has approximately 40,000 speakers.
Answer: False
The Fengyang dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua has an estimated speaker count of approximately 50,000, not 40,000.
Intensive contact between speakers is cited as the primary reason for similarities between the Shibei dialect and Hakka.
Answer: True
Chen (2012) posits that intensive contact between the speakers of the Shibei dialect (Shaozhou Tuhua) and Hakka is the primary factor explaining their observed similarities.
The Xiangyang dialect was documented by Li & Zhuang (2009) in Wujiang District.
Answer: True
The research by Li & Zhuang (2009) included documentation of the Xiangyang dialect, which is located in Wujiang District.
Chen (2012) explained the similarities between the Shibei dialect and Hakka primarily due to:
Answer: Intensive contact between speakers
Chen's 2012 study attributes the linguistic similarities between the Shibei dialect of Shaozhou Tuhua and Hakka primarily to intensive contact between their respective speakers.
What did Laurent Sagart (2001) propose regarding the Nanxiong dialect?
Answer: It is most closely related to Hakka Chinese.
Laurent Sagart (2001) proposed that the Nanxiong dialect, classified as a Shaozhou Tuhua dialect, exhibits the closest relationship to Hakka Chinese.
Which of the following dialects was documented by Li & Zhuang (2009)?
Answer: Zhoutian
The research by Li & Zhuang (2009) documented several dialects, including Zhoutian (located in Renhua County), alongside others like Dacun, Xiangyang, and Shibei.
According to Zhang Shuangqing (2004), which dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua is locally called 'at24 pi55 sheng'?
Answer: Lianzhou
Zhang Shuangqing (2004) identified the Lianzhou dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua as being locally known by the name 'at24 pi55 sheng'.
What is the approximate speaker count for the Bao'an dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua?
Answer: Approx. 30,000
The Bao'an dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua has an estimated speaker population of approximately 30,000 individuals.
The local name 'Mansheng' is associated with which two dialects of Lianzhou Tuhua?
Answer: Xi'an and Fengyang
The local designation 'Mansheng' is applied to both the Xi'an dialect and the Fengyang dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua.
What is the primary reason suggested by Chen (2012) for the similarities between the Shibei dialect and Hakka?
Answer: Intensive contact between speakers
Chen (2012) posits that intensive contact between the speakers of the Shibei dialect (Shaozhou Tuhua) and Hakka is the primary factor explaining their observed similarities.
Which hypothesis proposed a relationship between the Nanxiong dialect and the Min Chinese language family?
Answer: Egerod (1983)
Søren Egerod's hypothesis from 1983 suggested that the Nanxiong dialect had a closer relationship to the Min Chinese language family.
Which specific dialect of Shaozhou Tuhua is located in Zhenjiang District?
Answer: Shibei
The Shibei dialect of Shaozhou Tuhua is documented as being located in Zhenjiang District.
What is the approximate speaker count for the Lianzhou dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua?
Answer: Approx. 40,000
The Lianzhou dialect of Lianzhou Tuhua has an estimated speaker population of approximately 40,000 individuals.
Shaozhou Tuhua has been assigned a specific ISO 639-3 code.
Answer: False
According to the provided data, Shaozhou Tuhua does not have a specific ISO 639-3 code; it is designated with the code 'mis' (miscellaneous).
The ISO 639-6 code 'sazo' is used to represent Shaozhou Tuhua.
Answer: True
The ISO 639-6 standard assigns the code 'sazo' to represent the Shaozhou Tuhua language variety.
The Glottolog identifier for Shaozhou Tuhua is 'shao1234'.
Answer: False
The Glottolog identifier for Shaozhou Tuhua is 'quji1234', not 'shao1234'.
The Linguasphere designation 79-AAA-ph covers eight distinct varieties of Shaozhou Tuhua.
Answer: True
The Linguasphere designation 79-AAA-ph encompasses eight specific varieties of Shaozhou Tuhua, ranging from 79-AAA-pha to 79-AAA-phh.
The 'mis' code in ISO 639-3 signifies that Shaozhou Tuhua is a major, widely recognized dialect.
Answer: False
The ISO 639-3 code 'mis' stands for 'miscellaneous,' indicating that no specific code has been assigned to Shaozhou Tuhua within that standard, rather than denoting its recognition or status.
The ISO 639-6 code 'sazo' is assigned to Shaozhou Tuhua.
Answer: True
The ISO 639-6 standard designates the code 'sazo' specifically for the Shaozhou Tuhua language variety.
What does the ISO 639-3 code 'mis' signify in relation to Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: It signifies 'miscellaneous' and that no specific code is assigned.
The ISO 639-3 code 'mis' is used for languages or varieties that do not have a specific code assigned, categorizing them as 'miscellaneous'.
What is the Glottolog identifier for Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: quji1234
The Glottolog database assigns the identifier 'quji1234' to Shaozhou Tuhua.
How many distinct varieties does the Linguasphere designation 79-AAA-ph cover?
Answer: Eight
The Linguasphere designation 79-AAA-ph encompasses a total of eight distinct varieties of Shaozhou Tuhua.
What does the ISO 639-6 code 'sazo' represent?
Answer: The Shaozhou Tuhua language variety
The ISO 639-6 code 'sazo' is specifically assigned to represent the Shaozhou Tuhua language variety within the international standard.
The term 'Pingdi Yaohua' suggests a dialect spoken by the Lowland Yao people.
Answer: True
The name 'Pingdi Yaohua' directly translates to 'Lowland Yao dialect,' indicating an association with the Yao ethnic group residing in lowland areas.
Approximately half of Shaozhou Tuhua speakers are ethnically classified as Yao.
Answer: True
The source indicates that while the dialect is associated with the Yao people (as suggested by the name 'Pingdi Yaohua'), only about half of the estimated one million speakers are ethnically classified as Yao.
Shipo hua and Shina hua are local names that refer to the Shaozhou Tuhua dialect.
Answer: True
These terms, translating to 'Shipo dialect' and 'Shina dialect' respectively, are indeed among the local designations used for Shaozhou Tuhua.
The term 'dialect islands' suggests that Shaozhou Tuhua is spoken in widespread, contiguous regions.
Answer: False
The concept of 'dialect islands' implies that Shaozhou Tuhua exists in isolated pockets or communities surrounded by speakers of other languages, rather than in contiguous areas.
The term 'Tuhua' generally refers to a standardized national language.
Answer: False
In the context of Shaozhou Tuhua, 'Tuhua' typically signifies a local dialect or vernacular form of speech, not a standardized national language.
Shaozhou Tuhua is experiencing growth as dominant languages decline.
Answer: False
The source indicates that Shaozhou Tuhua is currently in a state of retreat, facing pressure from dominant languages like Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hakka, rather than experiencing growth.
Shaozhou Tuhua has an estimated speaker count of around 1 million.
Answer: True
The source estimates the number of native speakers for Shaozhou Tuhua to be approximately one million, although the date for this estimate is not provided.
The dialect name 'Shipo hua' translates to 'Shaoguan dialect'.
Answer: False
'Shipo hua' translates to 'Shipo dialect.' While Shaozhou Tuhua originates from the Shaoguan region, 'Shipo hua' does not directly mean 'Shaoguan dialect'.
The Yao ethnic group exclusively speaks Shaozhou Tuhua.
Answer: False
While the term 'Yao' appears in a dialect name (Pingdi Yaohua), the speakers of Shaozhou Tuhua include both Han Chinese and Yao people, and it is not exclusively spoken by the Yao ethnic group.
The local name 'Piongtuojo' refers to the Lianzhou dialect.
Answer: False
'Piongtuojo' (and its variant 'Piongtoajeu') is a local name for 'Pingdi Yaohua,' which is a designation for Shaozhou Tuhua, not specifically the Lianzhou dialect.
Which of the following is NOT a local name associated with Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: Shaoguan Sheng
Shipo hua, Yuebei Tuhua, and Pingdi Yaohua are all recognized local names or alternative designations for Shaozhou Tuhua. 'Shaoguan Sheng' is not listed as a name for the dialect.
What is the estimated number of native speakers for Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: Approximately 1 million
The source estimates the number of native speakers for Shaozhou Tuhua to be approximately one million, though the specific date of this estimate is not provided.
Which ethnic groups are associated with the speakers of Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: Han Chinese and Yao people
The speakers of Shaozhou Tuhua are identified as belonging to both the Han Chinese ethnicity and the Yao people.
What is the current vitality status of Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: In a state of retreat
The source indicates that Shaozhou Tuhua is currently in a state of retreat, signifying a decline in its usage and prevalence.
What does the term 'dialect islands' imply about Shaozhou Tuhua's distribution?
Answer: It exists in isolated communities surrounded by other languages.
The concept of 'dialect islands' suggests that Shaozhou Tuhua is spoken in geographically isolated communities, surrounded by speakers of different languages or dialects.
Which of the following is a local name for Shaozhou Tuhua, meaning 'Lowland Yao dialect'?
Answer: Pingdi Yaohua
The term 'Pingdi Yaohua' directly translates to 'Lowland Yao dialect,' serving as a local designation for Shaozhou Tuhua.
Shaozhou Tuhua is described as being in a state of retreat due to pressure from which languages?
Answer: Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hakka
The decline in Shaozhou Tuhua's usage is attributed to the pressure exerted by dominant languages such as Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hakka in the region.
What does the term 'Tuhua' generally signify in the context of Shaozhou Tuhua?
Answer: A local dialect or vernacular speech
The term 'Tuhua' typically denotes a local dialect or vernacular form of speech, distinguishing it from standardized national languages.
Nüshu is confirmed as a commonly used writing system for Shaozhou Tuhua.
Answer: False
The source indicates that while Nüshu is mentioned as a writing system associated with Shaozhou Tuhua, this claim requires further citation and is not confirmed as commonly used.
The 'See also' section mentions the Lingling dialect and the Cantonese dialect as related.
Answer: False
The 'See also' section lists the Lingling dialect and the Maojia dialect as related topics. While Cantonese is a major Chinese variety, it is not listed in this specific section as a related topic in the same context.
The 'citation needed' tag associated with Nüshu implies it is a primary writing system for Shaozhou Tuhua.
Answer: False
The 'citation needed' tag indicates that the claim regarding Nüshu's use as a writing system for Shaozhou Tuhua requires verification and does not confirm it as a primary system.
The infobox mentions Latin script and Chinese characters as writing systems for Shaozhou Tuhua.
Answer: True
The infobox lists Latin script and Chinese characters as writing systems for Shaozhou Tuhua. It also mentions Nüshu, though this claim requires further citation.
The Lingling and Maojia dialects are mentioned as related topics in the 'See also' section.
Answer: True
The 'See also' section of the source material lists both the Lingling dialect and the Maojia dialect as topics related to Shaozhou Tuhua.
Which of the following writing systems is mentioned for Shaozhou Tuhua, but requires further citation?
Answer: Nüshu
Nüshu is mentioned as a writing system associated with Shaozhou Tuhua, but the source notes that this claim requires further citation for confirmation.
What is the significance of the 'citation needed' tag related to Nüshu?
Answer: It means the claim about Nüshu being used requires verification.
The 'citation needed' tag highlights that the assertion of Nüshu being used as a writing system for Shaozhou Tuhua lacks supporting evidence in the source and requires verification.