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Muhammad of Ghor's coronation at Ghazni in 1173 consolidated his control over eastern Afghanistan.
Answer: True
Muhammad of Ghor's coronation at Ghazni in 1173, following his victory over the Ghuzz Turks, marked a crucial step in consolidating his power base in eastern Afghanistan and establishing Ghurid authority.
Muhammad of Ghor's advance towards Lahore was initially blocked by a defeat in Rajasthan.
Answer: True
Muhammad of Ghor experienced a significant setback in Rajasthan during the Battle of Kasahrada, where he was defeated by the Solanki ruler Mularaja II, which temporarily impeded his direct advance into territories beyond that region.
Muhammad of Ghor's empire extended to Bengal by the end of the 12th century.
Answer: True
By the close of the 12th century, Muhammad of Ghor's dominion had expanded significantly, encompassing most of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and reaching as far east as Bengal.
Muhammad of Ghor's second raid on Lahore occurred in 1180.
Answer: False
Muhammad of Ghor's first raid on Lahore occurred in 1180. His second raid, which involved annexing Sialkot, took place in 1185.
The Ghurid commander during the Siege of Lahore was Muhammad of Ghor's brother, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad.
Answer: False
While Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad was a prominent Ghurid ruler, the commander of the Ghurid forces during the 1186 Siege of Lahore was his brother, Muhammad of Ghor (also known as Shahabuddin).
Muhammad of Ghor's initial campaigns included capturing Multan and Uch before marching down the Indus Plain.
Answer: True
Following his consolidation of power, Muhammad of Ghor's campaigns involved advancing from the Gomal Pass, capturing key cities like Multan and Uch, and proceeding down the Indus Plain.
Muhammad of Ghor's empire encompassed most of the Indus and Punjab plains by the year 1190.
Answer: True
By 1190, following the conquest of Lahore and subsequent campaigns, Muhammad of Ghor had established control over the majority of the Indus and Punjab plains.
Which Ghurid leader orchestrated the final conquest of Lahore in 1186?
Answer: Muhammad of Ghor
Muhammad of Ghor, also known as Shahabuddin, was the Ghurid commander who led the successful campaign culminating in the capture of Lahore in 1186.
What strategic city did Muhammad of Ghor annex and fortify after his second raid on Lahore in 1185?
Answer: Sialkot
Following his second raid on Lahore in 1185, Muhammad of Ghor annexed the city of Sialkot and fortified it, establishing a strategic military base within Ghaznavid territory.
What was the significance of Muhammad of Ghor's annexation of Ghazni in 1173?
Answer: It consolidated his power base in eastern Afghanistan after defeating the Ghuzz Turks.
The annexation of Ghazni in 1173 was significant as it solidified Muhammad of Ghor's control over eastern Afghanistan, establishing it as his primary base of operations after defeating the Ghuzz Turks.
What territorial gain did Muhammad of Ghor make after his second raid in 1185, besides sacking Lahore's environs?
Answer: Sialkot
During his second raid in 1185, Muhammad of Ghor not only attacked Lahore's surroundings but also annexed and fortified the strategic city of Sialkot.
What was the significance of the Second Battle of Tarain for Muhammad of Ghor's campaigns?
Answer: It allowed him to defeat Prithviraj Chauhan and execute him, facilitating further expansion.
The Second Battle of Tarain (1192) was a pivotal victory for Muhammad of Ghor, where he defeated and executed Prithviraj Chauhan, thereby paving the way for extensive Ghurid expansion into North India.
Which of the following was NOT a territory conquered by Muhammad of Ghor before his final campaign against Lahore?
Answer: Sialkot
Muhammad of Ghor conquered Multan and Uch prior to his final campaign against Lahore. Peshawar was also annexed. Sialkot was annexed during his second raid in 1185, shortly before the final conquest of Lahore.
What was the stated number of prior incursions Muhammad of Ghor made into Ghaznavid territories before the 1186 siege?
Answer: Two
Muhammad of Ghor conducted two prior incursions into Ghaznavid territories before the final conquest of Lahore in 1186.
The Ghaznavid ruler Khusrau Malik successfully recaptured Sialkot after Muhammad of Ghor fortified it.
Answer: False
Following Muhammad of Ghor's fortification of Sialkot after his 1185 raid, Khusrau Malik attempted to recapture it, but his siege, aided by the Khokhars, was unsuccessful.
The Ghaznavid dynasty lost its western territories primarily due to internal conflicts.
Answer: False
The Ghaznavid dynasty's western territories were primarily lost due to external pressures, most notably their defeat by the Seljuk Empire at the Battle of Dandanaqan, which significantly weakened their dominion.
Khusrau Malik sent his son, Malik Shah, along with valuable gifts to Muhammad of Ghor during the 1185 raid to secure peace.
Answer: False
Khusrau Malik dispatched his son, Malik Shah, along with an elephant and gifts during Muhammad of Ghor's *first* raid in 1180, as a gesture of submission to secure peace, not during the 1185 raid.
The Ghuzz Turks caused the Ghaznavids to lose control of Ghazni, forcing them to relocate their capital.
Answer: True
The incursions and victories of the Ghuzz Turks against the Ghaznavids led to the loss of Ghazni and other territories, compelling the dynasty to shift its capital eastward to Lahore.
Khusrau Malik's reign was considered stable according to chronicler Ferishta.
Answer: False
Chronicler Ferishta suggests Khusrau Malik's reign was precarious, noting his throne was 'tottering' due to pressures from the Rais of Delhi, indicating a lack of stability.
What action did Khusrau Malik take in response to Muhammad of Ghor's first raid on Lahore in 1180?
Answer: He dispatched an envoy including his son and an elephant to seek peace.
In response to Muhammad of Ghor's initial raid in 1180, Khusrau Malik sent his son, Malik Shah, along with an elephant and other gifts, to demonstrate submission and negotiate peace.
Which group caused the Ghaznavids to lose Ghazni and move their capital to Lahore?
Answer: The Ghuzz Turks
The Ghuzz Turks inflicted significant defeats upon the Ghaznavids, leading to the loss of Ghazni and forcing the dynasty to relocate its capital to Lahore.
Who aided Khusrau Malik in his unsuccessful siege of the Ghurid stronghold in Sialkot?
Answer: The Khokhars
Khusrau Malik, attempting to dislodge the Ghurids from Sialkot, received assistance from the Khokhars in his siege of the Ghurid stronghold.
Which chronicler mentioned that Khusrau Malik's throne was considered 'tottering' due to attacks from the Rais of Delhi?
Answer: Mohammad Qasim Firishta
The chronicler Mohammad Qasim Firishta noted that Khusrau Malik's reign was unstable, describing his throne as 'tottering' due to pressures exerted by the Rais of Delhi, likely referring to the Chahamanas.
The Siege of Lahore in 1186 marked the final military engagement between the Ghurid and Ghaznavid dynasties.
Answer: True
The conquest of Lahore in 1186 by Muhammad of Ghor represented the definitive end of the Ghaznavid dynasty's rule and its last significant military confrontation with the ascendant Ghurids.
Muhammad of Ghor, the Ghurid commander, numbered his army at approximately 50,000 troopers during the 1186 siege.
Answer: False
Historical accounts indicate that Muhammad of Ghor's army numbered approximately 20,000 troopers during the 1186 siege of Lahore, not 50,000.
The strength of the Ghaznavid forces during the 1186 siege is clearly documented in the provided text.
Answer: False
The provided text explicitly states that the strength of the Ghaznavid forces during the 1186 siege is not specified.
The term 'aman' in Ibn al-Athir's account refers to a military tactic used to deceive Khusrau Malik.
Answer: False
In Ibn al-Athir's account, the term 'aman' signifies a guarantee of peace or safety, indicating the terms under which Khusrau Malik surrendered Lahore, not a deceptive tactic.
What tactic did Muhammad of Ghor employ to capture Lahore in 1186, catching Khusrau Malik by surprise?
Answer: Releasing Khusrau Malik's son to facilitate intoxication and then attacking via a different route.
Muhammad of Ghor orchestrated a clever manoeuvre: he sent Khusrau Malik's son, Malik Shah, back to Lahore accompanied by officers tasked with ensuring he became intoxicated, while Muhammad advanced via an alternate route, catching the Ghaznavid ruler off guard.
What was the approximate strength of the Ghurid army during the Siege of Lahore?
Answer: 20,000 troopers
The Ghurid army deployed for the Siege of Lahore in 1186 is estimated to have numbered approximately 20,000 troopers.
What was the purpose of sending Malik Shah, Khusrau Malik's son, with Ghurid officers to Lahore in 1186?
Answer: To ensure Khusrau Malik became heavily intoxicated.
Malik Shah was sent with Ghurid officers with the specific instruction to ensure he became heavily intoxicated, facilitating Muhammad of Ghor's surprise attack on Lahore.
The Ghurids were historically subjugated entities before rising to prominence in the late 12th century.
Answer: True
Prior to the late 12th century, the Ghurids had existed as tributaries to both the Ghaznavids and the Seljuks, indicating a history of subjugation before their ascent to regional power.
The Battle of Kasahrada was a victory for Muhammad of Ghor against the Solanki ruler Mularaja II.
Answer: False
The Battle of Kasahrada resulted in a defeat for Muhammad of Ghor, who was repulsed by an alliance of Rajput rulers, notably the Solanki ruler Mularaja II.
The rivalry between the Ghurids and Ghaznavids intensified after the Battle of Dandanaqan.
Answer: False
The Battle of Dandanaqan (1040) was a decisive Seljuk victory over the Ghaznavids, leading to the loss of western territories. The rivalry between the Ghurids and Ghaznavids intensified later, particularly in the latter half of the 12th century, following earlier conflicts such as the execution of a Ghurid leader by a Ghaznavid ruler.
Ala al-Din Husayn's raid on Ghazni in 1151 resulted in the city being burned down.
Answer: True
In retaliation for the execution of his brother, Ala al-Din Husayn led a devastating raid on Ghazni in 1151, during which he ordered the city to be burned and its monuments destroyed.
The Ghaznavids were defeated by the Seljuk Empire at the Battle of Ghazni.
Answer: False
The Seljuk Empire defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanaqan (1040), which led to the loss of western territories. The Battle of Ghazni (1148) involved Ala al-Din Husayn of Ghur defeating Bahram Shah of Ghazni.
What was the primary reason for the Ghaznavids losing their western territories in Persia and Khurasan?
Answer: Defeat by the Seljuk Empire at the Battle of Dandanaqan
The Ghaznavids lost their western domains in Persia and Khurasan primarily due to their decisive defeat by the Seljuk Empire at the Battle of Dandanaqan.
Which battle resulted in Muhammad of Ghor suffering a significant defeat that blocked his direct route from Rajasthan?
Answer: Battle of Kasahrada
Muhammad of Ghor faced a significant defeat at the Battle of Kasahrada against the Solanki ruler Mularaja II, which impeded his direct advance through Rajasthan.
Which empire's defeat of the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanaqan contributed to the weakening of the Ghaznavid dynasty?
Answer: The Seljuk Empire
The Seljuk Empire's victory over the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanaqan in 1040 was a pivotal event that led to the loss of the Ghaznavids' western territories and initiated their long-term decline.
What historical event weakened the Ghaznavids, leading them to lose western territories before the Seljuk Empire's rise?
Answer: The Ghuzz Turk invasions
The Ghuzz Turk invasions significantly weakened the Ghaznavids, contributing to their loss of territories, including Ghazni itself, prior to the full ascendancy of the Seljuk Empire.
What historical event weakened the Ghaznavids, leading them to lose western territories before the Seljuk Empire's rise?
Answer: The Ghuzz Turk invasions
The Ghuzz Turk invasions significantly weakened the Ghaznavids, contributing to their loss of territories, including Ghazni itself, prior to the full ascendancy of the Seljuk Empire.
What was the nature of the Ghurids' relationship with the Ghaznavids and Seljuks prior to the 12th century?
Answer: They were former tributaries.
Before their rise to prominence in the late 12th century, the Ghurids had historically been tributaries to both the Ghaznavids and the Seljuk Empire.
Which historical figure was responsible for the devastating raid on Ghazni in 1151, sacking the city and causing a massacre?
Answer: Ala al-Din Husayn
Ala al-Din Husayn, the Ghurid ruler, conducted a brutal raid on Ghazni in 1151, defeating the Ghaznavid ruler Bahram Shah and ordering the city to be sacked and burned.
Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani is one of the sources cited for the account of the 1186 conquest of Lahore.
Answer: True
The account of the 1186 conquest of Lahore is supported by several historical sources, including the works of Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani, Ibn al-Athir, and Muhammad Aufi.
The Tabaqat-i-Nasiri claims that the Ghaznavid dynasty was completely eradicated.
Answer: True
The chronicle Tabaqat-i-Nasiri explicitly states that "No member from the house of Ghazni was allowed to survive," indicating the complete eradication of the Ghaznavid ruling lineage.
After surrendering Lahore, Khusrau Malik and his son were immediately executed.
Answer: False
Following the surrender of Lahore, Khusrau Malik and his son were initially granted safety under a treaty and were subsequently imprisoned in Gharjistan fort. Their execution occurred later, around 1192.
The Ghurid conquest of Lahore in 1186 resulted in the annexation of a significant portion of the present-day Punjab region.
Answer: True
The Ghurid victory in 1186 led to the capture of Lahore and the incorporation of a substantial part of the Punjab region into Muhammad of Ghor's expanding domain.
According to the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, what was the ultimate fate of the Ghaznavid house?
Answer: No member of the house was allowed to survive.
The Tabaqat-i-Nasiri states that "No member from the house of Ghazni was allowed to survive," indicating the complete eradication of the dynasty.
What was the stated fate of the Ghaznavid house according to the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri?
Answer: No member of the house was allowed to survive.
The Tabaqat-i-Nasiri asserts that the Ghaznavid dynasty was completely eradicated, stating that "No member from the house of Ghazni was allowed to survive."
The source mentions a later siege of Lahore involving which historical figure?
Answer: Ahmed Shah Abdali
The source material notes that for a later siege of Lahore involving Ahmed Shah Abdali, readers should refer to specific historical accounts of that event (Siege of Lahore, 1761).
What was the consequence for Khusrau Malik and his son after surrendering Lahore under treaty?
Answer: They were imprisoned deceitfully in Gharjistan fort.
After surrendering Lahore under treaty, Khusrau Malik and his son were deceitfully imprisoned in Gharjistan fort, despite assurances of safety.
The Ghurid victory at Lahore in 1186 marked the end of which dynasty's rule?
Answer: The Ghaznavid dynasty
The Ghurid conquest of Lahore in 1186 signified the definitive end of the Ghaznavid dynasty's rule, which had lasted for approximately two centuries.