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Total Categories: 7
Medieval contacts between China and Africa are primarily documented through the extensive writings of the 15th-century Chinese Admiral Zheng He.
Answer: False
While Admiral Zheng He's 15th-century voyages represent a significant period of interaction, medieval contacts between China and Africa are also documented through the journeys of figures like Ibn Battuta and Sa'id of Mogadishu, indicating a broader scope than solely Zheng He's writings.
Historical evidence suggests trade between China and Africa existed as early as the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD).
Answer: False
Historical evidence indicates that trade between China and Africa existed even earlier than the Song Dynasty, with records suggesting connections as far back as the Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD).
Archaeological findings in East Africa, such as Mogadishu and Kilwa, have uncovered numerous Chinese coins, predominantly from the Ming Dynasty.
Answer: False
Archaeological findings in East African sites like Mogadishu and Kilwa include numerous Chinese coins, but the majority are predominantly from the Song Dynasty, not the Ming Dynasty, though coins from later dynasties are also present.
During the Ming Dynasty, Somali merchants were key intermediaries in trade between Asia and Africa, exporting exotic goods.
Answer: True
During the Ming Dynasty, Somali merchants played a significant role as intermediaries in trade between Asia and Africa, notably exporting items such as giraffes, zebras, and incense to China.
Zheng He's 15th-century expeditions to Africa primarily focused on establishing military outposts along the coast.
Answer: False
Admiral Zheng He's 15th-century expeditions to the African coast were primarily aimed at disseminating Chinese culture and showcasing the might of the Ming Dynasty, rather than establishing military outposts.
Which historical figure led significant Chinese voyages along the coast of Somalia and down to the Mozambique Channel in the 15th century?
Answer: Zheng He
Admiral Zheng He, a prominent figure of the Ming Dynasty, led extensive maritime expeditions in the 15th century that reached the coast of Somalia and extended down to the Mozambique Channel.
What type of evidence found in archaeological excavations in Mogadishu and Kilwa suggests trade between medieval China and East Africa?
Answer: Numerous Chinese coins, mostly from the Song Dynasty
Archaeological excavations in Mogadishu and Kilwa have uncovered numerous Chinese coins, predominantly from the Song Dynasty, providing tangible evidence of medieval trade between China and East Africa.
During the Ming Dynasty, Somali merchants were noted for exporting which types of goods to China?
Answer: Giraffes, zebras, and incense
During the Ming Dynasty, Somali merchants exported goods such as giraffes, zebras, and incense to China, contributing to the interregional trade.
What was a primary goal of Admiral Zheng He's expeditions to the African coast in the 15th century?
Answer: To spread Chinese culture and demonstrate Chinese strength
A primary goal of Admiral Zheng He's 15th-century expeditions to the African coast was to disseminate Chinese culture and demonstrate the power and prestige of the Ming Dynasty.
Modern political and economic relations between mainland China and Africa began in the late 1950s, following the victory of the Chinese Communist Party.
Answer: True
The establishment of modern political and economic relations between mainland China and African nations commenced in the late 1950s, subsequent to the Chinese Communist Party's victory in the Chinese Civil War and the consolidation of power under Mao Zedong.
African nations played a minimal role in the People's Republic of China's admission to the United Nations in 1971.
Answer: False
African nations played a pivotal role in the People's Republic of China's admission to the United Nations in 1971, with the support of 26 African states being instrumental in the PRC securing the seat previously held by Taiwan.
Premier Zhou Enlai's 1963-1964 tour included fostering close ties with Ghana's leader, Kwame Nkrumah, who supported China's foreign policy goals.
Answer: True
Premier Zhou Enlai's extensive tour of Africa in 1963-1964 was instrumental in forging diplomatic ties, notably including his engagement with Ghana's leader, Kwame Nkrumah, whose advocacy for African unity resonated with China's foreign policy objectives.
Mao Zedong believed China should focus its geopolitical efforts primarily on Europe and North America to compete with the US and USSR.
Answer: False
Mao Zedong's geopolitical strategy identified Africa and Latin America as the 'First Intermediate Zone,' where China, as a non-white power, could effectively challenge the influence of both the United States and the Soviet Union, rather than focusing primarily on Europe and North America.
Premier Zhou Enlai's 1963-1964 tour aimed to strengthen ties with newly independent African nations.
Answer: True
Premier Zhou Enlai's 1963-1964 tour of Africa was a significant diplomatic initiative aimed at strengthening ties with newly independent African nations and fostering mutual alignment with China's foreign policy objectives.
Mao Zedong's strategy involved viewing Africa as a key region to challenge the influence of both the United States and the Soviet Union.
Answer: True
Mao Zedong's geopolitical strategy identified Africa as a crucial region within the 'First Intermediate Zone,' strategically positioned to challenge the influence of both the United States and the Soviet Union.
When did modern political and economic relations between mainland China and Africa primarily begin?
Answer: In the late 1950s, after the Chinese Communist Party's victory
Modern political and economic relations between mainland China and Africa primarily commenced in the late 1950s, following the victory of the Chinese Communist Party.
What crucial role did African nations play in the People's Republic of China's admission to the United Nations in 1971?
Answer: Their support was instrumental in the PRC taking over the seat from Taiwan.
African nations played an instrumental role in the People's Republic of China's admission to the United Nations in 1971, providing crucial support that enabled the PRC to assume the seat previously held by Taiwan.
Premier Zhou Enlai's 1963-1964 tour of Africa significantly strengthened ties with which African leader and nation?
Answer: Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
Premier Zhou Enlai's 1963-1964 tour significantly strengthened ties with Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, fostering closer relations between China and the nation.
According to Mao Zedong's geopolitical strategy, which regions were considered the 'First Intermediate Zone' where China could compete with US and Soviet influence?
Answer: Africa and Latin America
Mao Zedong's geopolitical strategy designated Africa and Latin America as the 'First Intermediate Zone,' a region where China aimed to compete with the influence of both the United States and the Soviet Union.
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was established in 2000 to serve as the main multilateral platform for Sino-African interactions.
Answer: True
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), established in 2000, functions as the principal multilateral mechanism for coordinating high-level political, economic, and cultural interactions between China and African nations.
The TAZARA Railway, connecting Zambia and Tanzania, was a project solely funded and built by African nations without foreign assistance.
Answer: False
The TAZARA Railway, a significant infrastructure project, was constructed between 1970 and 1975 with substantial financial and construction assistance from China.
China's foreign aid to African countries exclusively consists of debt forgiveness programs.
Answer: False
China's foreign aid to African countries encompasses a range of mechanisms, including debt forgiveness, aid grants, concessional loans, and interest-free loans, rather than being limited exclusively to debt forgiveness programs.
Chinese foreign aid is often characterized as less restrictive than Western aid, with the main political condition being recognition of the 'One China' principle.
Answer: True
Chinese foreign aid is frequently characterized as less restrictive than Western aid, with the principal political condition imposed being the recognition of the 'One China' principle.
Huawei has played a significant role in developing telecommunications infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa since the late 1990s.
Answer: True
Since the late 1990s, the Chinese telecommunications firm Huawei has been instrumental in the development of substantial telecommunications infrastructure throughout sub-Saharan Africa, aligning with China's broader Belt and Road Initiative.
The PEACE Cable project aims to connect Europe and Asia, with no planned connections to Africa.
Answer: False
The PEACE Cable project, involving significant Chinese investment, is designed to connect Pakistan, East Africa, and Europe, with planned landfalls in several African nations, thereby enhancing digital connectivity across these regions.
Chinese-built stadiums in Africa have been criticized for potential underutilization and poor working conditions during construction.
Answer: True
Sports stadiums constructed by Chinese companies in Africa have faced criticism regarding their potential for underutilization and the working conditions experienced during their construction.
China's 'go out policy' has led to the establishment of Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers in Africa to share expertise.
Answer: True
China's 'go out policy' has facilitated increased agricultural cooperation with African nations, notably through the establishment of Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers designed to transfer Chinese expertise and technology.
China's engagement in Africa's healthcare sector is limited to sending medical teams during pandemics like COVID-19.
Answer: False
China's engagement in Africa's healthcare sector extends beyond pandemic responses, encompassing 'health diplomacy' since the 1960s, including the deployment of medical teams and contributions to global health initiatives.
Chinese investment has had minimal impact on Africa's media and film industries.
Answer: False
Chinese investment has exerted a significant influence on Africa's media and film industries, with companies like StarTimes expanding their reach and Chinese broadcasters establishing a presence on the continent.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is primarily focused on cultural exchange programs between China and Africa.
Answer: False
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is primarily a global infrastructure development strategy, serving as a major driver for China's investments in infrastructure, communications, and economic cooperation across Africa, rather than focusing solely on cultural exchange.
Chinese infrastructure projects in Africa, like stadiums, are sometimes criticized for contributing to environmental degradation.
Answer: True
Chinese infrastructure projects in Africa, including the construction of stadiums, have faced criticism for their potential contribution to environmental degradation, alongside concerns about working conditions and underutilization.
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is a triennial event focused solely on economic and trade discussions.
Answer: False
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is a triennial event that addresses political, economic, and cultural ties between China and African nations, not solely economic and trade discussions.
The TAZARA Railway project was completed entirely within the 1960s.
Answer: False
The TAZARA Railway project, a significant infrastructure undertaking, was constructed between 1970 and 1975, extending beyond the 1960s.
The PEACE Cable project aims to enhance digital connectivity between Pakistan, East Africa, and Europe.
Answer: True
The PEACE Cable project is designed to enhance digital connectivity by linking Pakistan, East Africa, and Europe through a submarine fiber optic cable system.
What is the primary function of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)?
Answer: To coordinate high-level political, economic, and cultural interactions between China and African nations.
The primary function of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is to coordinate high-level political, economic, and cultural interactions between China and African nations.
The TAZARA Railway, a major infrastructure project linking Zambia and Tanzania, received significant assistance from which country?
Answer: China
The TAZARA Railway, a significant infrastructure project connecting Zambia and Tanzania, received substantial financial and construction assistance from China.
Which of the following is a common form of Chinese aid provided to African countries?
Answer: Concessional loans
Concessional loans are a common form of Chinese aid provided to African countries, alongside other mechanisms such as aid grants and debt forgiveness.
What is often cited as the main political condition attached to Chinese foreign aid?
Answer: Recognition of the 'One China' principle
Recognition of the 'One China' principle is frequently cited as the primary political condition attached to Chinese foreign aid provided to African nations.
Since the late 1990s, which Chinese telecommunications company has been instrumental in building significant infrastructure across sub-Saharan Africa?
Answer: Huawei
Since the late 1990s, Huawei has been instrumental in constructing significant telecommunications infrastructure across sub-Saharan Africa.
The PEACE Cable project, involving Chinese investment, aims to connect which regions?
Answer: Pakistan, East Africa, and Europe
The PEACE Cable project, supported by Chinese investment, aims to establish connectivity between Pakistan, East Africa, and Europe.
Chinese companies have built numerous sports stadiums in Africa, leading to concerns about:
Answer: Underutilization and poor working conditions
Concerns regarding Chinese-built stadiums in Africa include their potential underutilization and the working conditions experienced during construction.
What is the purpose of China's Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers in Africa?
Answer: To transfer Chinese agricultural expertise and technology
China's Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers in Africa are established to transfer Chinese agricultural expertise and technology to the continent.
China's 'health diplomacy' towards Africa includes:
Answer: Sending medical teams and supporting healthcare development
China's 'health diplomacy' towards Africa encompasses sending medical teams and actively supporting broader healthcare development initiatives.
Which Chinese company has significantly expanded its reach in Africa's media sector, offering localized content?
Answer: StarTimes
StarTimes is a Chinese company that has significantly expanded its reach in Africa's media sector, offering localized content and increasing its presence.
What global strategy adopted by the Chinese government has become a major driver of its investments and economic cooperation in Africa?
Answer: The 'Belt and Road Initiative' (BRI)
The 'Belt and Road Initiative' (BRI) is a global strategy adopted by the Chinese government that has become a major driver of its investments and economic cooperation in Africa.
China's military cooperation with Africa has remained unchanged since the Cold War, focusing solely on supporting liberation movements.
Answer: False
China's military cooperation with Africa has evolved significantly since the Cold War; while initially focused on supporting liberation movements, it now encompasses arms sales, military training, and the establishment of overseas bases, such as the one in Djibouti.
China's overseas military base in Djibouti primarily serves as a training ground for joint Sino-African military exercises.
Answer: False
China's overseas military base in Djibouti, established in 2017, primarily functions as a logistics facility to support peacekeeping missions, rather than serving as a training ground for joint military exercises.
China engages in security diplomacy with African countries mainly through informal bilateral meetings.
Answer: False
China engages in security diplomacy with African countries through established forums like the China-Africa Defense and Security Forum and the China-Africa Peace and Security Forum, as well as through military-to-military exchanges, rather than primarily informal bilateral meetings.
African countries generally favor China's security norms, such as non-interventionism, due to historical experiences with colonialism.
Answer: True
African countries frequently favor China's security norms, including non-interventionism and respect for state sovereignty, which are perceived as limiting Western influence and are welcomed due to historical experiences with colonialism and concerns over external interference.
China's arms sales policy towards Africa has historically focused on providing weapons exclusively to established governments.
Answer: False
Historically, China's arms sales policy towards Africa initially focused on providing weapons, often free of charge, to liberation movements and left-wing governments, rather than exclusively to established governments.
China's increasing investments in Africa have led to a shift away from its traditional non-interference policy in some security matters.
Answer: True
China's growing investments and the imperative to protect its interests in Africa have prompted a discernible shift from its traditional non-interference policy, evidenced by its engagement in diplomatic and military initiatives to address regional unrest.
The Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Leadership School was established to promote Western democratic ideals in Tanzania.
Answer: False
The Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Leadership School in Tanzania was established with funding from the Chinese Communist Party's Central Party School, aiming to foster party-to-party relations and share China's governance model, not to promote Western democratic ideals.
The 'Beijing Consensus' represents a development model emphasizing free markets and privatization, contrasting with the 'Washington Consensus'.
Answer: False
The 'Beijing Consensus' represents a development model emphasizing state-led growth and infrastructure investment, often contrasted with the 'Washington Consensus,' and notably includes non-interference in domestic affairs.
China's diplomatic approach involves granting high-level audiences even to delegations from smaller African nations.
Answer: True
China's diplomatic engagement with African nations is characterized by its willingness to grant high-level audiences even to delegations from smaller countries, fostering respectful bilateral relationships.
China's arms sales to Africa primarily involve advanced drone technology, competing directly with US suppliers.
Answer: False
While China supplies drone technology to Africa, its arms sales encompass a broader spectrum of weaponry, and the assertion that they primarily involve advanced drones competing directly with US suppliers is not fully supported by the provided information.
China's first overseas military base, established in Djibouti in 2017, primarily serves as a facility for what purpose?
Answer: Supporting peacekeeping missions
China's first overseas military base, established in Djibouti in 2017, primarily functions as a logistics facility to support peacekeeping missions on the African continent.
Which of the following is a key channel for China's security diplomacy with African countries?
Answer: The China-Africa Defense and Security Forum
The China-Africa Defense and Security Forum is a key channel through which China conducts its security diplomacy with African countries.
According to academic Obert Hodzi, why do African countries often favor China's approach to security norms?
Answer: Because China's non-interventionism limits Western influence and respects sovereignty.
According to academic Obert Hodzi, African countries often favor China's security norms, such as non-interventionism, because this approach limits Western influence and respects sovereignty, aligning with historical experiences of colonialism.
Historically, China's arms sales policy towards Africa initially involved providing weapons to whom?
Answer: Liberation movements and left-wing governments
Historically, China's arms sales policy towards Africa initially focused on providing weapons to liberation movements and left-wing governments.
China's increasing engagement and investment in Africa have led to a shift in its traditional policy regarding:
Answer: Intervention in internal affairs
China's increasing engagement and investment in Africa have led to a shift away from its traditional policy of non-intervention in internal affairs, particularly concerning security matters.
The Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Leadership School in Tanzania was established with significant funding from which country's party institution?
Answer: The Chinese Communist Party
The Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Leadership School in Tanzania was established with significant funding from the Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party.
In the context of Africa, the 'Beijing Consensus' is viewed as an alternative development paradigm emphasizing:
Answer: State-led growth and infrastructure investment
In the context of Africa, the 'Beijing Consensus' is viewed as an alternative development paradigm emphasizing state-led growth and infrastructure investment.
How is China's diplomatic engagement with African nations often characterized?
Answer: Granting high-level audiences even to smaller delegations
China's diplomatic engagement with African nations is often characterized by its willingness to grant high-level audiences even to delegations from smaller countries.
Confucius Institutes in Africa primarily focus on promoting Chinese economic investment opportunities.
Answer: False
Confucius Institutes in Africa primarily serve to promote Chinese language and culture, functioning as key channels for educational and cultural exchange, rather than focusing on Chinese economic investment opportunities.
Cities like Guangzhou have experienced a significant influx of African immigrants seeking economic opportunities.
Answer: True
Cities such as Guangzhou have witnessed a substantial influx of African immigrants pursuing enhanced economic opportunities, contributing to the development of distinct communities within the city.
Recent surveys show young Africans generally view China negatively, often more so than the US or Europe.
Answer: False
Recent surveys indicate that young Africans generally hold positive views of China, often exceeding their perceptions of the US or Europe, attributed to factors such as infrastructure investment and affordable goods.
African students studying in China contribute to cultural exchange, but their numbers have been declining.
Answer: False
African students studying in China make significant contributions to cultural exchange, and their numbers have substantially increased over the years, fostering greater understanding between the two regions.
What is the main purpose of Confucius Institutes established across Africa?
Answer: To promote Chinese language and culture
The main purpose of Confucius Institutes established across Africa is to promote Chinese language and culture, serving as key centers for educational and cultural exchange.
What phenomenon has occurred in Chinese cities like Guangzhou due to strengthening Sino-African ties?
Answer: The establishment of 'Little Africa' districts due to African immigration
Due to strengthening Sino-African ties and increased migration, Chinese cities like Guangzhou have experienced the establishment of 'Little Africa' districts, reflecting a significant influx of African immigrants.
Recent surveys suggest that young Africans generally hold positive views of China, often attributed to:
Answer: China's investments in infrastructure and affordable goods
Recent surveys indicate that young Africans generally hold positive views of China, often attributed to China's substantial investments in infrastructure and the availability of affordable goods.
What role do African students studying in China play in Sino-African relations?
Answer: They contribute significantly to cultural exchange and foster understanding.
African students studying in China play a vital role in Sino-African relations by contributing significantly to cultural exchange and fostering mutual understanding between the two regions.
Criticism of Chinese companies in Africa includes concerns about poor labor conditions and environmental practices, but not the displacement of local workers.
Answer: False
Criticisms leveled against Chinese companies operating in Africa encompass concerns regarding poor labor conditions, unsustainable environmental practices, and the displacement of local workers, among other issues.
Allegations of Chinese espionage in Africa include spying on the African Union headquarters' computer servers.
Answer: True
Allegations of Chinese espionage activities in Africa have included reports of spying on the African Union headquarters' computer servers between 2012 and 2017.
Criticisms of Chinese racism against Africans include blackface performances but do not involve discrimination by Chinese nationals in Africa.
Answer: False
Criticisms regarding Chinese racism against African populations encompass instances such as blackface performances and reports of discrimination by Chinese nationals in African countries, indicating a broader scope than solely media portrayals.
In April 2020, African nationals in Guangzhou were subjected to alleged mistreatment, including forced evictions and testing, causing diplomatic friction.
Answer: True
In April 2020, African nationals residing in Guangzhou reportedly experienced mistreatment, including forced evictions and mandatory testing, which precipitated diplomatic friction and outrage among African governments.
Major criticisms of China's relationship with Africa include concerns about the balance of power and the potential neocolonial nature of the ties.
Answer: True
Significant criticisms of China's relationship with Africa encompass concerns regarding the power dynamics, the potential for neocolonialism, human rights implications, environmental degradation, and illegal fishing activities.
Criticisms regarding China's environmental impact in Africa focus solely on pollution from mining projects.
Answer: False
Criticisms concerning China's environmental impact in Africa extend beyond mining pollution to include issues such as illegal logging, the detrimental effects of donkey slaughter, and broader damage to wildlife and ecosystems.
Chinese commercial fishing fleets are alleged to engage in less illegal fishing in African waters compared to other nations.
Answer: False
Chinese commercial fishing fleets are alleged to be responsible for a substantial amount of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in African waters, reportedly exceeding that of any other nation.
Which of the following is a common criticism leveled against Chinese companies operating in Africa?
Answer: Displacement of local workers and poor labor conditions
A common criticism leveled against Chinese companies operating in Africa concerns the displacement of local workers and the prevalence of poor labor conditions.
What specific allegations regarding Chinese espionage activities in Africa have been reported?
Answer: Both B and C
Allegations regarding Chinese espionage activities in Africa include spying on the African Union headquarters' computer servers and stealing military technology from South African defense contractors.
Which of the following is cited as an example of criticism regarding Chinese racism against African populations?
Answer: Blackface performances on Chinese television
Blackface performances on Chinese television are cited as an example of criticism regarding Chinese racism against African populations.
What controversial incidents involving African nationals occurred in Guangzhou in April 2020?
Answer: Alleged mistreatment, including evictions and forced COVID-19 testing
In April 2020, controversial incidents involving African nationals in Guangzhou included alleged mistreatment, such as forced evictions and mandatory COVID-19 testing.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a main criticism of China's relationship with Africa?
Answer: Positive balance of trade for African nations
A positive balance of trade for African nations is not listed as a main criticism of China's relationship with Africa; rather, criticisms focus on environmental degradation, illegal fishing, and neocolonialist tendencies.
What are the main criticisms regarding the environmental impact of Chinese projects in Africa?
Answer: Illegal logging and the impact of donkey slaughter
Main criticisms regarding the environmental impact of Chinese projects in Africa include illegal logging driven by demand for rosewood and the detrimental effects of illegal donkey slaughter for traditional Chinese medicine.
What is the nature of the allegations concerning Chinese fishing fleets operating in African waters?
Answer: They are responsible for more illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing than any other nation.
Allegations concerning Chinese fishing fleets operating in African waters suggest they are responsible for a substantial amount of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, reportedly exceeding that of any other nation.
As of recent information, only one African nation maintains official diplomatic relations with Taiwan (Republic of China).
Answer: False
Contrary to the assertion, as of recent information, Eswatini is the sole African UN member state that maintains official diplomatic relations with Taiwan (Republic of China), while most African nations recognize the People's Republic of China.
Xi Jinping's 'Five Nos' policy explicitly includes attaching political conditions to foreign aid provided by China.
Answer: False
Xi Jinping's 'Five Nos' policy, articulated in 2018, explicitly states that China does not attach political conditions to foreign aid, alongside other principles such as non-interference in domestic affairs and not imposing China's will on others.
The 'One China' policy dictates that the People's Republic of China is the sole legitimate government representing China.
Answer: True
The 'One China' policy is a diplomatic principle asserted by the People's Republic of China, maintaining that it is the sole legitimate government representing China, a stance adhered to by most African nations.
The 'One China' policy requires African nations to recognize Taiwan (Republic of China) as the legitimate government.
Answer: False
The 'One China' policy requires African nations to recognize the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the sole legitimate government, not Taiwan (Republic of China).
The primary political condition China attaches to foreign aid is non-interference in domestic affairs.
Answer: False
The primary political condition China attaches to foreign aid is recognition of the 'One China' principle, not non-interference in domestic affairs, although non-interference is a broader foreign policy tenet.
The 'Five Nos' policy, articulated by Xi Jinping, emphasizes non-interference in domestic affairs and not imposing China's will.
Answer: True
The 'Five Nos' policy, articulated by Xi Jinping, indeed emphasizes principles such as non-interference in domestic affairs and refraining from imposing China's will on other nations.
Which African UN member state is mentioned as the only one currently maintaining official relations with Taiwan (Republic of China)?
Answer: Eswatini
Eswatini is identified as the sole African UN member state that currently maintains official diplomatic relations with Taiwan (Republic of China).
Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Five Nos' policy principles outlined by Xi Jinping for China's foreign policy towards African nations?
Answer: Attaching political conditions to foreign aid
Attaching political conditions to foreign aid is explicitly excluded from Xi Jinping's 'Five Nos' policy principles for China's foreign policy towards African nations.
The 'One China' policy is a diplomatic stance primarily concerning the relationship between the PRC and which other entity?
Answer: Taiwan (Republic of China)
The 'One China' policy is a diplomatic stance primarily concerning the relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan (Republic of China).