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Total Categories: 6
According to the 2023 Global Slavery Index, approximately 1.9 million people live in illegal slavery-like conditions in Russia.
Answer: True
The 2023 Global Slavery Index estimates that approximately 1.9 million individuals (specifically 1,899,000) live in illegal slavery-like conditions within Russia, representing about 1.26% of the population.
The 2023 Global Slavery Index identifies forced labor, forced prostitution, and debt bondage as the primary forms of modern slavery in Russia.
Answer: True
The 2023 Global Slavery Index identifies forced labor, forced prostitution, debt bondage, forced servile marriage, exploitation of children, and forced prison labor as forms of modern slavery prevalent in Russia.
Undocumented immigrants from Central Asia are identified by the 2023 Global Slavery Index as being particularly vulnerable to modern slavery in Russia.
Answer: False
The 2023 Global Slavery Index identifies undocumented immigrants from the Caucasus and former Soviet states, rather than specifically Central Asia, as particularly vulnerable to modern slavery in Russia.
In Dagestan, internal and foreign migrants are reportedly forced to work, particularly in brick factories and small farms, often due to their irregular legal status.
Answer: True
Reports from Dagestan indicate that internal and foreign migrants are subjected to forced labor, particularly in brick factories and small farms, often exacerbated by their irregular legal status which renders them vulnerable.
Recent reports (2009-2012) have highlighted human trafficking and slavery involving Uzbek nationals within Russia.
Answer: True
Human trafficking and slavery involving Uzbek nationals within Russia have been highlighted in recent reports from the period of 2009-2012, underscoring ongoing challenges with modern slavery.
According to the 2023 Global Slavery Index, what is the estimated number of people living in illegal slavery-like conditions in Russia?
Answer: Approximately 1,899,000
The 2023 Global Slavery Index estimates that approximately 1,899,000 individuals live in illegal slavery-like conditions in Russia.
Which of the following is NOT identified as a form of modern slavery in Russia by the 2023 Global Slavery Index?
Answer: Voluntary seasonal migration
The 2023 Global Slavery Index identifies various forms of modern slavery such as forced labor, debt bondage, and exploitation of children. Voluntary seasonal migration is not listed as a form of modern slavery.
Which groups are particularly vulnerable to modern slavery in Russia, according to the 2023 Global Slavery Index?
Answer: Undocumented immigrants from the Caucasus and former Soviet states
According to the 2023 Global Slavery Index, undocumented immigrants from the Caucasus and former Soviet states are identified as particularly vulnerable to modern slavery in Russia due to their precarious legal status.
What issues do reports highlight regarding internal and foreign migrants in Dagestan?
Answer: They face trafficking and forced labor, especially in agriculture and construction.
Reports highlight that internal and foreign migrants in Dagestan face trafficking and forced labor, particularly in sectors like agriculture and construction, often due to their irregular legal status.
What does the text state about the status of many migrant workers in Russia concerning modern slavery?
Answer: They are often irregular migrants, making them vulnerable.
The text states that many migrant workers in Russia are irregular migrants, a status that renders them particularly vulnerable to modern slavery due to a lack of legal protections and increased risk of exploitation.
Serfdom in Russia was officially abolished in 1861 by the decree of Emperor Alexander II.
Answer: True
Serfdom in Russia was officially abolished through a decree issued by Emperor Alexander II on February 19, 1861.
The Russian term 'krepostnoi krestyanin' translates to 'slave' and implies individual ownership, similar to chattel slavery.
Answer: False
The term 'krepostnoi krestyanin' is accurately translated as 'serf,' not 'slave.' Unlike chattel slaves, serfs were bound to the land rather than individually owned as property, and their movement was restricted by landowners.
The prohibition of serf movement on George's Day in Autumn occurred in the early 17th century.
Answer: False
The prohibition of serf movement on George's Day in Autumn occurred in the late 16th century, not the early 17th century as stated.
George's Day in Autumn traditionally allowed serfs to move freely between lands and masters.
Answer: True
Traditionally, George's Day in Autumn served as the designated period when serfs were permitted to move freely between lands and, consequently, change their masters, a practice later restricted.
On what date did Emperor Alexander II officially decree the emancipation of serfs in Russia?
Answer: February 19, 1861
Emperor Alexander II officially decreed the emancipation of serfs in Russia on February 19, 1861.
What does the Russian term 'krepostnoi krestyanin' primarily refer to?
Answer: A serf attached to the land
The Russian term 'krepostnoi krestyanin' primarily refers to a serf, an unfree person attached to the land, distinct from a chattel slave who could be individually owned.
What significant restriction on serf movement was imposed in the late 16th century?
Answer: Serfs were forbidden from moving on George's Day in Autumn.
A significant restriction imposed in the late 16th century forbade serfs from moving on George's Day in Autumn, a traditional date for changing landowners, thereby limiting their mobility.
In Kievan Rus', 'kholopy' were considered chattel slaves who could be individually owned and bought and sold freely, distinct from land-bound serfs.
Answer: False
In Kievan Rus', 'kholopy' were a form of unfree labor, but they were distinct from chattel slaves. They could not be owned individually as property, differentiating them from the chattel slavery model where individuals are treated as personal possessions.
Becoming a 'kholop' in Kievan Rus' could occur through capture in war, self-sale, or marriage to an existing kholop.
Answer: True
An individual could become a 'kholop' in Kievan Rus' through various means, including capture in war, self-sale, debt, or marriage to an existing kholop.
The power of a master over a 'kholop' generally decreased throughout Russian history, culminating in full emancipation by the 15th century.
Answer: False
The power of masters over 'kholopy' and serfs generally increased over the centuries, reaching a peak in the late 16th century, before gradually diminishing through reforms initiated by rulers like Alexei Mikhailovich and Peter the Great.
How did the status of 'kholopy' in Kievan Rus' differ fundamentally from chattel slaves?
Answer: Kholopy could not be owned individually as property.
The status of 'kholopy' in Kievan Rus' fundamentally differed from chattel slaves in that they could not be owned individually as property, distinguishing them from the concept of personal possession inherent in chattel slavery.
Which of the following was a common way for an individual to become a 'kholop' in Kievan Rus'?
Answer: Being captured in war
Being captured in war was a common pathway for an individual to become a 'kholop' in Kievan Rus', alongside other means such as self-sale or debt.
What trend generally characterized the power of masters over 'kholopy' and serfs over the centuries in Russia?
Answer: It generally increased, peaking in the late 16th century, before diminishing.
The power of masters over 'kholopy' and serfs generally increased over the centuries, reaching a peak in the late 16th century, before gradually diminishing through reforms initiated by rulers like Alexei Mikhailovich and Peter the Great.
Crimean-Nogai raids into East Slavic lands were a source of slaves and persisted until the early 17th century.
Answer: False
While Crimean-Nogai raids were indeed a significant source of slaves from East Slavic lands, they persisted beyond the early 17th century, with some raids occurring into the 18th century, contrary to the statement's implication of cessation.
Historical accounts suggest that slaves constituted approximately 75% of the population in the Crimean Khanate.
Answer: True
Historical accounts suggest that approximately 75% of the population in the Crimean Khanate consisted of slaves.
The Khanate of Khiva was known for its slave market dealing primarily in Central Asian slaves from the 17th to 19th centuries.
Answer: False
The Khanate of Khiva was notorious for its slave market from the 17th to 19th centuries, but it primarily traded in Russian and Persian slaves, not Central Asian slaves.
Reports from the early 21st century indicate that Russian captives were sometimes held in slave-like conditions by Chechen and Ingush people in the Northern Caucasus.
Answer: True
Reports from the early 21st century indicate that Russian captives were held in slave-like conditions by Chechen and Ingush individuals in the Northern Caucasus, reflecting a continuation of historical patterns of enslavement.
The map illustrating trade routes through Slavic territories primarily depicts routes used for the slave trade during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Answer: False
The map illustrates trade routes through Slavic territories primarily used for the slave trade during the 8th to 11th centuries, not the 18th and 19th centuries.
What was the primary role of Crimean-Nogai raids into East Slavic lands?
Answer: To capture people for the slave trade
The primary role of Crimean-Nogai raids into East Slavic lands was to capture people for the purpose of the slave trade.
According to historical accounts, what proportion of the population in Crimea consisted of slaves?
Answer: Approximately 75%
Historical accounts suggest that approximately 75% of the population in the Crimean Khanate consisted of slaves.
What was the Khanate of Khiva notorious for between the 17th and 19th centuries?
Answer: Operating a major slave market for Russian and Persian slaves.
Between the 17th and 19th centuries, the Khanate of Khiva was notorious for operating a major slave market that dealt primarily in Russian and Persian slaves.
What historical period do the trade routes shown on the map of Slavic territories primarily represent?
Answer: 8th to 11th centuries
The trade routes depicted on the map of Slavic territories primarily represent the period of the 8th to 11th centuries, during which they were utilized for the slave trade.
The 'Domostroy' advised slave owners to free slaves during times of famine to reduce their burden.
Answer: False
The 'Domostroy' advised slave owners to select slaves with good character and ensure their proper provision. It also noted that laws prevented owners from freeing slaves during famine, thereby maintaining servitude.
In 1723, Peter the Great converted household slaves into house serfs, integrating them into the serfdom system.
Answer: True
In 1723, Peter the Great enacted a reform that converted household slaves into house serfs, thereby integrating them into the broader system of serfdom.
Agricultural slaves were formally converted into serfs in 1679 under Tsar Peter the Great.
Answer: False
The formal conversion of agricultural slaves into serfs occurred in 1679, but this was under Tsar Feodor III, not Tsar Peter the Great.
Indigenous peoples like the Yakuts and Buryats in Siberia practiced slavery on a significant scale before Russian conquest.
Answer: False
While indigenous peoples such as the Yakuts and Buryats in Siberia did practice slavery, it was generally on a smaller scale compared to the later Russian enslavement of natives and the broader institution of serfdom.
The Russian government initially supported the conversion of Siberian natives to Christianity to facilitate their integration.
Answer: False
The Russian government initially opposed the conversion of Siberian natives to Christianity, primarily because conversion would exempt them from paying the 'yasak' (fur tribute), which was crucial for state revenue.
When the Russian government decreed that non-Christian slaves should be freed, owners in Siberia often forced their slaves to convert to Christianity to maintain servitude.
Answer: True
When the Russian government decreed the freedom of non-Christian slaves, owners in Siberia frequently compelled their slaves to convert to Christianity. This practice ensured the continuation of servitude, as converts became the serfs of their former owners.
A 1712 report from Yakutsk indicated that slavery was uncommon among Cossacks in the region.
Answer: False
A 1712 report from Yakutsk indicated that slavery was widespread among Cossacks in the region, stating that 'hardly a Cossack... does not have natives as slaves,' directly contradicting the notion that it was uncommon.
Slavery was abolished in the Caucasus region shortly after the Russian conquest in the 1860s.
Answer: True
Following the Russian conquest of the Caucasus, slavery was abolished in the region by the 1860s, signifying a substantial transformation in its social and legal framework.
What did the 'Domostroy' advise regarding the management of slaves, particularly during difficult times?
Answer: To ensure slaves had good character and were properly provided for, and not free them during famine.
The 'Domostroy' advised slave owners to select slaves with good character and ensure their proper provision. It also noted that laws prevented owners from freeing slaves during famine, thereby maintaining servitude.
What significant change did Peter the Great implement in 1723 regarding household slaves?
Answer: He converted them into house serfs.
In 1723, Peter the Great implemented a significant change by converting household slaves into house serfs, integrating them into the existing serfdom system.
In what year did Tsar Feodor III's government formally convert agricultural slaves into serfs?
Answer: 1679
Tsar Feodor III's government formally converted agricultural slaves into serfs in the year 1679.
Which indigenous Siberian peoples are mentioned as having practiced slavery on a smaller scale?
Answer: The Yakuts and Buryats
The indigenous peoples of Siberia mentioned as having practiced slavery on a smaller scale are the Yakuts and Buryats.
Why did the Russian government initially oppose the conversion of Siberian natives to Christianity?
Answer: It would exempt natives from paying the 'yasak' (fur tribute).
The Russian government initially opposed the conversion of Siberian natives to Christianity, primarily because conversion would exempt them from paying the 'yasak,' a crucial fur tribute essential for state revenue.
When did the Russian conquest lead to the abolition of slavery in the Caucasus region?
Answer: By the 1860s
The Russian conquest of the Caucasus led to the abolition of slavery in the region by the 1860s.
The sacking of Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh in 1382 resulted in thousands of its inhabitants being captured and taken as slaves.
Answer: True
In 1382, the Golden Horde, under the leadership of Khan Tokhtamysh, sacked Moscow. This devastating event resulted in the capture and enslavement of thousands of Muscovites.
The 'Great Wrath' (1714-1721) involved the Russian invasion of Swedish Finland and resulted in the abduction of tens of thousands of people.
Answer: True
The 'Great Wrath' (1714-1721) was characterized by the Russian invasion of Swedish Finland, during which tens of thousands of people were abducted and enslaved by the Russian military.
During the Great Northern War, Russian soldiers were forbidden from capturing or selling civilians from Swedish provinces.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, Russian soldiers were permitted to capture and sell civilians from Swedish provinces during the Great Northern War, engaging in widespread enslavement and trafficking.
Swedish ambassador Thomas Funck attempted to purchase Swedish captives from the slave market in Constantinople.
Answer: True
Swedish ambassador Thomas Funck actively worked to purchase Swedish captives from the slave market in Constantinople, documenting numerous instances of freeing individuals captured during the Great Northern War.
An estimated 100,000 to 200,000 slave laborers were used during the construction of Saint Petersburg.
Answer: False
Historical estimates indicate that between 10,000 and 20,000 individuals served as slave laborers during the construction of Saint Petersburg, a figure significantly lower than the 100,000 to 200,000 suggested.
What major event in 1382 led to a large number of Muscovites being taken as slaves?
Answer: The sack of Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde
The sack of Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in 1382 resulted in the capture and enslavement of thousands of Muscovites.
What was the estimated number of people abducted from Finland during the 'Great Wrath' (1714-1721)?
Answer: 20,000 - 30,000
It is estimated that between 20,000 and 30,000 people were abducted from Finland during the 'Great Wrath' (1714-1721).
How did Russian soldiers often treat captives from Swedish provinces during the Great Northern War?
Answer: They were sold into slavery.
Russian soldiers often treated captives from Swedish provinces during the Great Northern War by selling them into slavery, with some being trafficked as far as Persia.
What was the estimated number of people subjected to slave labor during the construction of Saint Petersburg?
Answer: Between 10,000 and 20,000
Historical estimates indicate that between 10,000 and 20,000 individuals served as slave laborers during the construction of Saint Petersburg.
What does the image caption suggest about Peter I and Swedish citizens after the capture of Narva in 1704?
Answer: Swedish citizens were captured and subsequently sold into slavery.
The image caption suggests that following the capture of Narva in 1704, many Swedish citizens were captured by Russian soldiers and subsequently sold into slavery.