Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 7
Contemporary slavery is defined as institutional slavery that persisted into the 21st century, not one that ceased in the 20th century.
Answer: False
Contemporary slavery, also termed modern slavery, refers to institutional slavery that persists in the 21st century, characterized by the control of one person by another for profit by exploiting a vulnerability, rather than ceasing in the 20th century.
The Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons defines human trafficking broadly, not solely as the recruitment or transportation of a person for labor, but encompassing recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person through force, fraud, or coercion for compelled labor or commercial sex acts.
Answer: True
The Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons defines human trafficking as the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person through threat, force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of compelled labor or commercial sex acts, a definition that extends beyond mere recruitment or transportation for labor.
Kevin Bales defines modern slavery as the condition wherein one person controls another through violence and force, with the principal objective being exploitation.
Answer: True
Kevin Bales, a prominent scholar in the field, defines modern slavery as occurring when an individual is under the control of another who employs violence and force to maintain that control, with the primary goal being exploitation.
The Walk Free Foundation's definition of modern slavery explicitly includes practices such as forced marriage and human trafficking, among others.
Answer: True
Contrary to the assertion that it excludes such practices, the Walk Free Foundation's definition of modern slavery encompasses a broad range of activities, including forced labor, forced marriage, human trafficking, debt bondage, and the sale and exploitation of children.
Kevin Bales posits that precise figures for modern slavery are not easily obtainable through official government census data, as the practice is clandestine.
Answer: True
Kevin Bales highlights that due to the illegal and hidden nature of modern slavery, exact statistics are difficult to procure through official channels like government censuses; estimates rely on indirect evidence and investigations.
According to Kevin Bales, the primary motivation behind enslavement is not to inflict suffering, but rather to achieve economic profit.
Answer: True
Kevin Bales identifies economic profit as the primary motivation behind enslavement, distinguishing it from motivations centered on inflicting suffering or exerting political control.
Which international organization estimates that over 40 million individuals are currently subjected to some form of slavery?
Answer: The International Labour Organization (ILO)
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is the primary international body that estimates the global prevalence of modern slavery, reporting figures exceeding 40 million individuals.
Which of the following practices is explicitly excluded from the Walk Free Foundation's definition of modern slavery?
Answer: Voluntary servitude for debt repayment
The Walk Free Foundation's definition of modern slavery encompasses forced labor, forced commercial sexual exploitation, and the sale and exploitation of children. 'Voluntary servitude for debt repayment' is not explicitly listed as included and differs conceptually from debt bondage, which is included.
Kevin Bales elucidates that precise figures for modern slavery are challenging to ascertain due to which primary reason?
Answer: Slavery is officially abolished and hidden from authorities.
Kevin Bales explains that because slavery is universally outlawed, it operates covertly, making it difficult for authorities and researchers to obtain exact figures through direct observation or official records.
According to Kevin Bales, what is the principal motivation driving enslavement?
Answer: To make a profit
Kevin Bales identifies economic profit as the primary motivation behind enslavement, distinguishing it from motivations centered on inflicting suffering or exerting political control.
What constitutes a significant distinction between contemporary enslavement and historical forms of slavery as presented?
Answer: Contemporary enslavement focuses on control rather than legal ownership.
A key difference lies in the basis of control: historical slavery often involved legal ownership, whereas contemporary enslavement primarily relies on maintaining control through exploitation of vulnerabilities and coercion, as formal ownership is illegal.
Estimates indicate that the global population subjected to modern slavery ranges between approximately 38 million and 49.6 million individuals.
Answer: True
Various estimates suggest that the number of individuals subjected to modern slavery globally falls within the range of approximately 38 million to 49.6 million. This variability stems from definitional differences and the clandestine nature of the practice.
The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that over 40 million people are currently subjected to some form of slavery.
Answer: True
The International Labour Organization (ILO) provides an estimate that over 40 million individuals worldwide are currently subjected to some form of slavery, based on their established methodologies.
The estimated annual revenue generated by human trafficking was approximately $150 billion in 2014.
Answer: True
In 2014, human trafficking was estimated to generate substantial annual revenue, reported to be over $150 billion, highlighting its significant economic dimension.
According to the ILO, what is the estimated global number of individuals engaged in forced labor?
Answer: Approximately 24.9 million
The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that approximately 24.9 million individuals worldwide are currently engaged in forced labor.
What was the estimated annual revenue generated by human trafficking in 2014, according to the provided data?
Answer: Over $150 billion
Data indicates that human trafficking generated an estimated revenue exceeding $150 billion in the year 2014.
According to the 2018 Global Slavery Index, which nation reported the highest estimated number of individuals in conditions of slavery?
Answer: India
The 2018 Global Slavery Index identified India as the country with the highest estimated number of individuals living in conditions of slavery, numbering approximately 8 million.
The ILO reports that approximately 16 million individuals are exploited in forced labor within the private sector, encompassing roles such as domestic work, construction, and agriculture.
Answer: True
According to the ILO's findings, approximately 16 million individuals are exploited within the private sector through forced labor, including in domestic service, construction, and agricultural industries.
The ILO estimates that approximately 15.4 million individuals are subjected to forced marriages.
Answer: True
The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that an additional 15.4 million individuals are subjected to forced marriages, constituting a significant component of modern slavery.
Contemporary enslavement is characterized not by legal ownership, as in historical chattel slavery, but by control maintained through exploitation of vulnerabilities.
Answer: True
Unlike historical chattel slavery, where legal ownership was paramount, contemporary enslavement is primarily defined by the perpetrator's control over an individual, often achieved by exploiting vulnerabilities, rather than through formal legal ownership.
Chattel slavery involves individuals being legally defined as personal property, subject to purchase and sale, with historical origins in conquest or systematic slave trading.
Answer: True
Chattel slavery, historically rooted in conquest or organized slave trades, is characterized by the legal status of enslaved persons as personal property (chattel), allowing them to be bought and sold.
Debt bondage can affect not only the individual who incurred the debt but also their descendants, creating a hereditary cycle of servitude.
Answer: True
Debt bondage often traps individuals and their descendants in a perpetual cycle of labor to repay a debt that may be inherited and is frequently structured to be unpayable.
Individuals subjected to sexual slavery in the modern world are frequently treated as chattel.
Answer: True
In contemporary contexts, individuals trapped in sexual slavery, particularly those forced into prostitution, are often treated as property, akin to chattel.
Government-forced labor, or state-sponsored labor, occurs when individuals are coerced into work through violence, intimidation, or other means, exemplified by Eritrea's indefinite military service program.
Answer: True
Government-forced labor involves state coercion, often through violence or intimidation, to compel individuals into work. Eritrea's indefinite military service program serves as a prominent example of this practice.
Bonded labor, or debt bondage, occurs when individuals pledge themselves into servitude as security for a loan, frequently involving an unpayable debt.
Answer: True
Bonded labor, also known as debt bondage, involves individuals offering their labor as collateral for a loan, often resulting in a cycle of servitude due to debts that are difficult or impossible to repay.
Under what specific circumstance does the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution permit involuntary servitude?
Answer: As punishment for a crime after conviction
The 13th Amendment permits involuntary servitude solely as a punishment for a criminal offense following due conviction.
What repercussions might incarcerated individuals in the U.S. face for refusing to participate in assigned labor?
Answer: Indefinite solitary confinement or loss of visitation privileges
Refusal to engage in assigned labor within the U.S. penal system can result in severe consequences for inmates, including prolonged solitary confinement or the revocation of family visitation privileges.
How does forced marriage operate as a modality of slavery, particularly impacting women and girls?
Answer: It leads to servitude to their husbands, often fostering abuse.
Forced marriage can function as a form of slavery by subjecting women and girls to a life of servitude under their husbands, frequently accompanied by abuse and lack of autonomy.
While distinct from slavery, child labor can encompass trafficking and exploitation within industries such as:
Answer: Cocoa, cotton, or fishing
Child labor, though not always slavery, can involve trafficking and exploitation in sectors like cocoa production, cotton farming, and the fishing industry, among others.
Beyond sex slavery, what is a prevalent occupation for individuals subjected to modern slavery?
Answer: Domestic servitude
Domestic servitude is one of the most common occupations for individuals trapped in modern slavery, alongside other forms of forced labor in sectors like construction, agriculture, and manufacturing.
Modern slavery persists primarily due to its economic profitability for enslavers and has escalated owing to a substantial decrease in the cost of acquiring individuals for exploitation.
Answer: True
The persistence and escalation of modern slavery are attributed to its economic benefits for perpetrators and the reduced cost of acquiring individuals, making them more disposable and replaceable compared to historical periods.
Poverty and weak governance are identified as significant contributing factors to the prevalence of modern slavery.
Answer: True
Poverty, coupled with ineffective governance and rule of law, creates conditions conducive to the perpetuation of modern slavery, making it more prevalent in regions lacking robust social safety nets and legal protections.
The cost of acquiring slaves has decreased significantly in modern times, making them more readily replaceable than in historical periods.
Answer: True
The economic dynamics of modern slavery differ from historical forms; the cost of acquiring individuals has substantially decreased, rendering them more disposable and replaceable for exploiters, unlike the historical investment in a slave's longevity.
An individual subjected to modern slavery can be acquired for approximately $90-$100, a figure substantially lower than the inflation-adjusted cost of an American slave in 1809.
Answer: True
The economic accessibility of modern slavery is starkly illustrated by the low acquisition cost of individuals (around $90-$100) compared to the significantly higher inflation-adjusted value of an American slave in 1809, underscoring the diminished perceived value of exploited persons.
How does the contemporary cost of acquiring an individual for exploitation compare to historical practices?
Answer: It is much cheaper today, making individuals easier to replace.
The cost of acquiring individuals for exploitation in modern slavery is substantially lower than historical costs, facilitating their replacement and contributing to the practice's persistence.
Which factor is cited as contributing to the persistence and escalation of modern slavery?
Answer: The perceived 'disposability' of individuals and reduced acquisition costs
The persistence and escalation of modern slavery are linked to the economic factors of reduced acquisition costs and the perception of individuals as disposable assets, making exploitation more profitable and sustainable for perpetrators.
Reports confirm that enslaved migrants have been sold in public slave markets in Libya subsequent to its 2014 civil war.
Answer: True
Following the destabilization caused by the 2014 civil war in Libya, credible reports have emerged detailing the sale of enslaved migrants in public slave markets.
In Mauritania, despite chattel slavery being illegal, its prosecution and enforcement of laws against it are notably lacking.
Answer: True
Although chattel slavery is formally outlawed in Mauritania, the effective prosecution and enforcement of these laws remain inadequate, leading to its continued prevalence.
North Korea compels citizens into labor through state-mandated programs, not voluntary work or international aid initiatives.
Answer: True
In North Korea, forced labor is implemented through state-directed programs compelling citizens into work, both domestically and abroad, rather than through voluntary engagement or international aid.
Uzbekistan has received commendation for its initiatives to eradicate forced labor in its cotton harvest, resulting in the cessation of international boycotts.
Answer: True
Uzbekistan's government has undertaken significant measures to eliminate forced labor within its cotton harvesting sector, leading to the lifting of international boycotts and recognition for its efforts.
In Texas, Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas, prisoners receive no remuneration for their labor.
Answer: True
In several U.S. states, including Texas, Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas, incarcerated individuals are not compensated for their work, raising concerns about penal labor practices.
Bonded labor is most commonly prevalent in countries such as India, Pakistan, and Nepal.
Answer: True
The practice of bonded labor is most frequently encountered in South Asian countries, notably India, Pakistan, and Nepal.
The Kafala system in the UAE has been criticized for facilitating forced labor and human trafficking by binding migrant workers to sponsors and exploiting their inherent vulnerabilities.
Answer: True
The Kafala sponsorship system in the United Arab Emirates has drawn criticism for its role in enabling forced labor and human trafficking, primarily by tying migrant workers to their employers and creating conditions ripe for exploitation.
Which nation has reported instances of enslaved migrants being sold in public slave markets subsequent to its civil war?
Answer: Libya
Following the civil war in 2014, Libya has been the site of reported incidents where enslaved migrants were sold in public slave markets.
Despite its illegality, chattel slavery is reported to persist significantly in which nation, affecting an estimated over 2% of its population?
Answer: Mauritania
Mauritania is noted for the significant persistence of chattel slavery, despite its legal prohibition, with estimates suggesting it affects over 2% of the nation's population.
UN investigators describe the indefinite military service program in Eritrea as constituting:
Answer: Mass slavery
According to UN investigators, Eritrea's indefinite military service program amounts to mass slavery, involving widespread forced labor and other forms of exploitation.
In North Korea, which demographic groups are compelled into dangerous construction work and sweatshop labor, respectively?
Answer: Youth (dulgyeokdae) and women (inminban)
In North Korea, youth groups known as 'dulgyeokdae' are often forced into hazardous construction labor, while women organized under the 'inminban' system are compelled to work in sweatshops.
Which U.S. states are identified as jurisdictions where incarcerated individuals receive no remuneration for their labor?
Answer: Texas, Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas
In the states of Texas, Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas, incarcerated individuals are not compensated for their work, a practice that has drawn scrutiny.
In which geographical region is bonded labor, or debt bondage, most commonly encountered?
Answer: India, Pakistan, and Nepal
Bonded labor is most frequently observed in South Asian countries, particularly India, Pakistan, and Nepal, where historical and socio-economic factors contribute to its prevalence.
In India, the majority of individuals subjected to bonded labor belong to which specific social strata?
Answer: Dalits (Untouchables) and Adivasis (tribal people)
In India, individuals from marginalized communities, specifically Dalits (formerly Untouchables) and Adivasis (indigenous tribal peoples), constitute the majority of those subjected to bonded labor.
The Kafala system in the UAE has been implicated in facilitating forced labor and human trafficking due to which primary mechanism?
Answer: Sponsorship tying workers to employers and exploitation of vulnerabilities.
The Kafala system's structure, which binds migrant workers to their sponsors and offers limited recourse, creates vulnerabilities that are often exploited, leading to conditions of forced labor and human trafficking.
Operation Blooming Onion uncovered a human trafficking ring in Georgia, USA, which compelled migrant workers into slavery on agricultural sites, allegedly employing which method for control?
Answer: Gunpoint coercion
Operation Blooming Onion revealed a trafficking ring in Georgia that allegedly used gunpoint coercion to control migrant workers forced into agricultural slavery.
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, with a notable exception for punishment for a crime after conviction.
Answer: True
Ratified in 1865, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punitive measure following a criminal conviction.
What governmental actions aimed at combating modern slavery are mentioned in the source material?
Answer: Implementing supply chain transparency measures and issuing reports.
Governments have employed strategies such as implementing supply chain transparency regulations and publishing annual reports (e.g., the U.S. State Department's TIP Report) to address modern slavery.
What is the primary focus of the United Nations' definition of human trafficking?
Answer: The recruitment or transfer of persons through illicit means for exploitation
The UN definition of human trafficking centers on the recruitment, transportation, or receipt of individuals through coercive means for the purpose of exploitation, including forced labor and sexual exploitation.
How are the internet and social media being used by traffickers?
Answer: They are used by traffickers to find vulnerable individuals and sell slaves.
Traffickers leverage the internet and social media platforms as tools for identifying vulnerable individuals and for the direct sale and advertisement of enslaved persons.
How did the COVID-19 pandemic potentially exacerbate exploitation within certain industries?
Answer: Increased demand for certain goods caused factories to expand rapidly, exploiting workers.
The surge in demand for specific goods during the COVID-19 pandemic led some factories to expand operations rapidly, creating opportunities for increased exploitation of vulnerable workers.