Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 6
Southern Russian is classified as a minor dialect group within the broader Russian language.
Answer: False
Southern Russian is identified as one of the primary dialect groups within the Russian language, not a minor one.
Russian dialects are broadly classified into Northern, Southern, and Western groups.
Answer: False
The broad regional classification of Russian dialects includes Northern, Southern, and Central groups. The Western group is not typically listed as a primary category in this classification.
The Moscow dialect is listed as an example of a Northern Russian dialect.
Answer: False
The Moscow dialect is classified as a Central Russian dialect, not a Northern one.
Siberian dialects are considered a sub-dialect or related area within the Northern Russian dialects.
Answer: True
Siberian dialects are listed as a sub-dialect or related area within the Northern Russian dialects.
According to the classification, which of the following is considered a primary dialect group of the Russian language?
Answer: Southern Russian
Southern Russian is identified as one of the primary dialect groups within the Russian language.
Which dialect group is NOT mentioned as a broad regional category for Russian dialects in the source?
Answer: Western
The broad regional classification of Russian dialects includes Northern, Southern, and Central groups. The Western group is not typically listed as a primary category in this classification.
The Moscow dialect is an example of which dialect group?
Answer: Central Russian
The Moscow dialect is an example of a Central Russian dialect.
The map of Russian dialects visually indicates the geographical spread and primary formation areas of different dialect groups.
Answer: True
The map of Russian dialects visually represents their geographical distribution, specifically highlighting the areas of their primary formation.
The historical territory for the primary formation of Southern Russian dialects includes lands acquired during Ivan IV's Eastern territorial expansions.
Answer: False
The primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects is defined as the area of "Old" Russia as it existed in the 16th century, *prior* to Ivan IV's Eastern territorial expansions.
The Voronezh region is one of the modern regions entirely included within the primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: True
The Voronezh region is listed among the eleven modern regions entirely encompassed by the primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects.
The primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects exclusively includes regions that were historically part of "Old" Russia.
Answer: True
The primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects is defined by the area of "Old" Russia as it existed in the 16th century, prior to Ivan IV's Eastern territorial expansions.
The "second formation" territory for Southern Russian dialects primarily includes areas settled after the 16th century, such as Siberia and the Russian Far East.
Answer: True
The "second formation" territory for Southern Russian dialects encompasses areas settled by Russians after the 16th century, including regions like Siberia and the Russian Far East.
The primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects is defined by the area of "Old" Russia before the 16th century.
Answer: True
This statement is correct. The primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects is defined as the extent of 'Old' Russia prior to the 16th century.
The historical event of Ivan IV's Eastern conquests is used to delineate the "primary formation" territory of Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: True
The delineation of the "primary formation" territory of Southern Russian dialects is indeed linked to the historical period preceding Ivan IV's Eastern conquests.
The "second formation" territory for Southern Russian dialects includes areas settled by Russians before the 16th century.
Answer: False
The "second formation" territory for Southern Russian dialects encompasses areas settled by Russians *after* the 16th century, such as Siberia and the Russian Far East. The territory settled *before* the 16th century defines the "primary formation" area.
The primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects includes parts of the Tver region.
Answer: True
The source material confirms that the primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects includes parts of the Tver region, alongside other fully and partially encompassed regions.
The 'second formation' territory for Southern Russian dialects includes the Northern Caucasus and the Southern Ural region.
Answer: True
The 'second formation' territory for Southern Russian dialects is described as including regions such as the Northern Caucasus and the Southern Ural region, among others settled after the 16th century.
The primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects is defined as the area settled after the 16th century.
Answer: False
The "primary formation" territory of Southern Russian dialects is defined by the area of "Old" Russia *before* the 16th century, while the "second formation" territory comprises areas settled *after* the 16th century.
What historical period defines the "primary formation" territory of Southern Russian dialects?
Answer: The 16th century, prior to Ivan IV's Eastern expansions
The "primary formation" territory of Southern Russian dialects is defined by the historical extent of 'Old' Russia in the 16th century, preceding Ivan IV's Eastern territorial expansions.
Which of these modern regions is NOT entirely encompassed by the primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects?
Answer: Novgorod
Based on the provided list of regions entirely encompassed by the primary formation territory, Novgorod is not included, indicating it is not entirely within this area.
The "second formation" territory for Southern Russian dialects primarily includes:
Answer: Areas settled after the 16th century, like Siberia
The "second formation" territory for Southern Russian dialects primarily comprises areas settled by Russians after the 16th century, such as Siberia and the Russian Far East.
Which of the following is an example of a region partially included in the primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects?
Answer: Moscow
Moscow is listed as a region partially included in the primary formation territory of Southern Russian dialects.
What is the role of the 16th century in defining Southern Russian dialect territories?
Answer: It is the cutoff point before Ivan IV's expansions, defining the 'primary formation' territory.
The 16th century serves as a demarcation point; the primary formation territory is defined as the area before Ivan IV's expansions, while the second formation territory comprises areas settled after this period.
What does the map of Russian dialects visually represent?
Answer: Geographical distribution and primary formation areas of dialects
The map visually represents the geographical distribution and primary formation areas of Russian dialects.
In Southern Russian dialects, the unstressed /o/ sound typically remains unchanged and is clearly pronounced.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, Southern Russian dialects exhibit significant reduction of unstressed /o/, commonly manifesting as strong akanye (reduction to [a]), rather than remaining unchanged.
Yakanye in Southern Russian dialects involves pronouncing unstressed vowels like /o/, /e/, and /a/ as [æ] after palatalized consonants, differing from the Moscow dialect's reduction to [ɪ].
Answer: True
Yakanye, or яканье, in Southern Russian dialects refers to the pronunciation of unstressed /o/, /e/, and /a/ following palatalized consonants as [æ], which differs from the Moscow dialect's typical reduction to [ɪ].
The standard pronunciation of 'g' as a stop sound (/g/) is characteristic of Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: False
The fricative pronunciation of 'g' (IPA: /ɣ/) is characteristic of Southern Russian dialects, contrasting with the standard and Northern Russian pronunciation, which employs a stop sound (IPA: /g/).
The soft version of the fricative /ɣ/ sound in Southern Russian dialects is typically pronounced like the English letter 'y'.
Answer: True
The soft version of the fricative /ɣ/ sound (IPA: /ɣʲ/) in Southern Russian dialects is typically pronounced as a sound similar to [j].
In Southern Russian dialects, the standard /v/ sound is consistently maintained, especially at the end of words.
Answer: False
In Southern Russian dialects, the standard /v/ sound is often replaced by a semivowel /w~u̯/, particularly at the end of words or syllables, and also in place of final /l/.
Southern Russian dialects substitute the standard /f/ sound with a pronunciation closer to /x/ or /xw/.
Answer: True
The standard /f/ sound is typically substituted with /x/, /xv/, or /xw/ in Southern Russian dialects.
A prosthetic /j/ sound is sometimes added before words beginning with /u/ or stressed /o/ in Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: False
The source material indicates that while prosthetic sounds are present in Southern Russian dialects, the /j/ sound typically appears before initial /i/ or /e/, whereas a prosthetic /w~u̯/ sound is observed before initial /u/ or stressed /o/.
Southern Russian dialects may use a prosthetic /j/ sound before words starting with /i/ or /e/.
Answer: True
A prosthetic /j/ sound may appear in Southern Russian dialects before words beginning with /i/ or /e/.
The phenomenon of strong akanye in Southern Russian dialects involves the reduction of unstressed /o/ to a sound resembling [a].
Answer: True
This accurately describes strong akanye in Southern Russian dialects, where unstressed /o/ is commonly reduced to an [a]-like sound.
The semivowel /w~u̯/ in Southern Russian dialects replaces /v/ only at the beginning of words.
Answer: False
The semivowel /w~u̯/ replaces /v/ in Southern Russian dialects not only at the beginning of words but also in final positions or before stressed syllables, and can also substitute for final /l/.
The standard Russian /g/ sound is pronounced as a fricative /ɣ/ in Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. The phoneme /g/ in standard Russian is realized as a voiced velar fricative /ɣ/ in Southern Russian dialects.
Yakanye specifically refers to the pronunciation of unstressed /o/ as [a] following any consonant.
Answer: False
Yakanye in Southern Russian dialects specifically describes the pronunciation of unstressed vowels (/o/, /e/, /a/) as [æ] following palatalized consonants. The reduction of unstressed /o/ to [a] following any consonant is characteristic of strong akanye.
The pronunciation of unstressed vowels following palatalized consonants in Southern Russian dialects can result in a sound like [æ].
Answer: True
This is accurate. In Southern Russian dialects, unstressed vowels (/o/, /e/, /a/) following palatalized consonants are pronounced as [æ], a phenomenon known as yakanye.
The standard Russian pronunciation of /f/ is typically replaced by /x/ or /xw/ in Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: True
The standard /f/ sound is typically substituted with /x/, /xv/, or /xw/ in Southern Russian dialects.
The Moscow dialect exhibits strong akanye, reducing unstressed /o/ to [a].
Answer: False
The Moscow dialect's vowel reduction differs from strong akanye. While Southern Russian dialects commonly exhibit strong akanye (reduction of unstressed /o/ to [a]), the Moscow dialect's pronunciation of unstressed vowels following palatalized consonants is typically [ɪ], distinct from the [æ] sound found in Southern yakanye.
The fricative pronunciation of 'g' (/ɣ/) is a feature common to Northern Russian dialects.
Answer: False
The fricative pronunciation of 'g' (IPA: /ɣ/) is a characteristic feature of Southern Russian dialects, contrasting with the standard and Northern Russian pronunciation, which employs a stop sound (IPA: /g/).
The reduction of unstressed /o/ to [a] (strong akanye) is a defining feature of Northern Russian dialects.
Answer: False
Strong akanye, the reduction of unstressed /o/ to [a], is a defining characteristic of Southern Russian dialects, not Northern ones.
The Moscow dialect pronounces unstressed vowels following palatalized consonants as [æ].
Answer: False
In Southern Russian dialects, unstressed vowels following palatalized consonants are pronounced as [æ] (yakanye). The Moscow dialect, however, typically reduces these vowels to [ɪ].
The semivowel /w~u̯/ sound replaces the standard /v/ sound in Southern Russian dialects, especially before stressed syllables.
Answer: True
This is correct. The semivowel /w~u̯/ frequently replaces the standard /v/ sound in Southern Russian dialects, particularly in final positions or before stressed syllables.
Southern Russian dialects feature a prosthetic /w~u̯/ sound before words beginning with /u/ or stressed /o/.
Answer: True
The source material confirms that Southern Russian dialects may feature a prosthetic /w~u̯/ sound before words beginning with /u/ or stressed /o/.
What is the typical pronunciation of unstressed /o/ in Southern Russian dialects?
Answer: It reduces to a sound like [a] (strong akanye).
In Southern Russian dialects, unstressed /o/ typically undergoes reduction, most commonly to a sound resembling [a], a phenomenon known as strong akanye.
The phenomenon of 'yakanye' in Southern Russian dialects specifically describes:
Answer: The reduction of unstressed /o/, /e/, /a/ to [æ] following palatalized consonants.
'Yakanye' in Southern Russian dialects specifically describes the pronunciation of unstressed vowels (/o/, /e/, /a/) as [æ] following palatalized consonants.
How does the pronunciation of the sound 'g' typically differ in Southern Russian dialects from standard Russian?
Answer: It is pronounced as a fricative /ɣ/ in Southern dialects.
In Southern Russian dialects, the sound typically represented by 'g' is pronounced as a voiced velar fricative /ɣ/, whereas standard Russian employs a voiced velar stop /g/.
Which sound often replaces the standard /v/ in Southern Russian dialects, particularly at the end of words or syllables?
Answer: A semivowel /w~u̯/
In Southern Russian dialects, the standard /v/ sound is often replaced by a semivowel /w~u̯/, particularly at the end of words or syllables, and also in place of final /l/.
In Southern Russian dialects, what sound substitution occurs for the standard /f/ sound?
Answer: /x/, /xv/, or /xw/
The standard /f/ sound is typically substituted with /x/, /xv/, or /xw/ in Southern Russian dialects.
What type of prosthetic sound may appear in Southern Russian dialects before words starting with /i/ or /e/?
Answer: Prosthetic /j/
A prosthetic /j/ sound may appear in Southern Russian dialects before words beginning with /i/ or /e/.
What is the primary difference in the 'g' sound between Southern Russian and standard Russian?
Answer: Southern has /ɣ/, standard has /g/
The primary difference is that Southern Russian dialects pronounce 'g' as a fricative /ɣ/, while standard Russian uses a stop /g/.
How does yakanye differ from strong akanye in Southern Russian dialects?
Answer: Yakanye occurs after palatalized consonants, while akanye is a general reduction of /o/.
Yakanye specifically refers to the pronunciation of unstressed vowels as [æ] following palatalized consonants, whereas strong akanye is the broader reduction of unstressed /o/ to [a].
The substitution of /v/ with /w~u̯/ in Southern Russian dialects also occurs in place of which other sound?
Answer: /l/
The substitution of /v/ with /w~u̯/ in Southern Russian dialects also occurs in place of the final /l/ sound.
Third-person verb forms in Southern Russian dialects typically end with an unpalatalized consonant, similar to standard Russian.
Answer: False
Third-person verb forms in Southern Russian dialects typically end with a palatalized consonant (/tʲ/) or may lack the ending altogether, contrasting with the unpalatalized consonant found in standard Russian.
Some Southern Russian dialects occasionally drop the third-person verb ending entirely.
Answer: True
The occasional dropping of the third-person verb ending /tʲ/ is a morphological feature observed in some Southern Russian dialects.
Southern Russian dialects use the standard Russian oblique case forms for personal pronouns like *mne* and *tebe*.
Answer: False
Southern Russian dialects utilize distinct oblique case forms for personal pronouns, such as *miane* and *tabe*, which differ from the standard Russian forms *mne* and *tebe*.
The pronoun forms *miane*, *tabe*, and *sabe* are characteristic of standard Russian, not Southern dialects.
Answer: False
Southern Russian dialects utilize distinct oblique case forms for personal pronouns, such as *miane*, *tabe*, and *sabe*, which differ from the standard Russian forms *mne*, *tebe*, and *sebe*.
The palatalized third-person verb ending /tʲ/ is a feature exclusive to Northern Russian dialects.
Answer: False
The palatalized third-person verb ending /tʲ/ is a characteristic feature of Southern Russian dialects, contrasting with the unpalatalized ending found in standard and Northern Russian dialects.
The occasional dropping of the third-person verb ending /tʲ/ is a feature found in standard Russian but not Southern dialects.
Answer: False
The occasional dropping of the third-person verb ending /tʲ/ is a morphological feature observed in some Southern Russian dialects, not standard Russian.
The standard Russian pronoun forms *mne* and *tebe* are replaced by *miane* and *tabe* in Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: True
The standard Russian pronoun forms *mne* and *tebe* are indeed replaced by *miane* and *tabe* in Southern Russian dialects, alongside *sabe* for *sebe*.
The standard Russian third-person verb ending is /tʲ/, while Southern dialects use an unpalatalized /t/.
Answer: False
The standard Russian third-person verb ending is typically an unpalatalized /t/, whereas Southern Russian dialects often feature a palatalized /tʲ/ or may omit the ending entirely.
How do third-person verb forms in Southern Russian dialects differ morphologically from standard Russian?
Answer: They end in a palatalized consonant /tʲ/ or lack the ending.
Third-person verb forms in Southern Russian dialects typically end with a palatalized consonant (/tʲ/) or may lack the ending entirely, contrasting with the unpalatalized ending in standard Russian.
The oblique case forms *miane*, *tabe*, and *sabe* are characteristic of which dialect group?
Answer: Southern Russian
The oblique case forms *miane*, *tabe*, and *sabe* are characteristic of Southern Russian dialects.
The occasional dropping of the third-person verb ending /tʲ/ is a characteristic of:
Answer: Some Southern Russian dialects
The occasional dropping of the third-person verb ending /tʲ/ is a characteristic found in some Southern Russian dialects.
Shared features between Southern Russian dialects and Belarusian suggest a complete linguistic separation.
Answer: False
The presence of shared linguistic features between Southern Russian dialects and Belarusian suggests a historical linguistic continuum and mutual influence, rather than complete separation.
Akanye, a lenited /ɣ/, the semivowel /w~u̯/, and palatalized third-person verb endings are features found in both Southern Russian and modern Belarusian.
Answer: True
Features like akanye/yakanye, a lenited /ɣ/, the semivowel /w~u̯/, and palatalized third-person verb endings are indeed found in both Southern Russian dialects and modern Belarusian.
Alaskan Russian and Doukhobor Russian are classified as mixed Russian dialects.
Answer: False
Alaskan Russian and Doukhobor Russian are classified as colonial Russian dialects, distinct from mixed Russian dialects or contact languages such as Trasianka and Surzhyk.
Trasianka and Surzhyk are examples of mixed Russian dialects or contact languages.
Answer: True
Trasianka and Surzhyk are identified as examples of mixed Russian dialects or contact languages.
The Eastern Polesian dialects of Ukrainian do not share significant features with Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: False
The Eastern Polesian dialects of Ukrainian share significant linguistic features with Southern Russian dialects, indicating a historical linguistic continuum.
Runglish and Russenorsk are listed as examples of ethnic Russian dialects.
Answer: False
Runglish and Russenorsk are listed as examples of mixed Russian dialects or contact languages, distinct from ethnic Russian dialects such as Don Cossack or Kuban Cossack.
Southern Russian dialects share the lenited /ɣ/ sound with modern Belarusian and some Ukrainian dialects.
Answer: True
Indeed, Southern Russian dialects are characterized by a lenited velar fricative /ɣ/, a feature also found in modern Belarusian and some Ukrainian dialects, suggesting a linguistic continuum.
Southern Russian dialects are characterized by a lenited /ɣ/ sound, similar to Belarusian.
Answer: True
Indeed, Southern Russian dialects are characterized by a lenited velar fricative /ɣ/, a feature also found in modern Belarusian, suggesting a linguistic continuum.
Shared linguistic features between Southern Russian, Belarusian, and Ukrainian suggest:
Answer: A historical linguistic continuum and influence.
Shared linguistic features between Southern Russian, Belarusian, and Ukrainian suggest a historical linguistic continuum and mutual influence.
Which of the following is listed as a 'colonial' Russian dialect?
Answer: Alaskan Russian
Alaskan Russian is listed as an example of a colonial Russian dialect.
Which of the following is an example of a mixed Russian dialect or contact language mentioned in the source?
Answer: Surzhyk
Surzhyk is mentioned as an example of a mixed Russian dialect or contact language.
What phonetic feature is shared between Southern Russian dialects and modern Belarusian, according to the source?
Answer: Akanye/yakanye and a lenited /ɣ/
Phonetic features shared include akanye/yakanye and a lenited /ɣ/ sound.
Which of these is NOT listed as a feature shared between Southern Russian dialects and Belarusian/Ukrainian?
Answer: Standard third-person verb endings
Standard third-person verb endings are not listed as a shared feature; Southern Russian dialects exhibit distinct endings compared to standard Russian.
In the Pskov and Ryazan sub-groups, the affricates /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/ are distinct sounds in Southern Russian dialects.
Answer: False
In the Pskov and Ryazan sub-groups of Southern Russian dialects, the affricates /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/ merge into a single consonant sound, rather than remaining distinct.
Astrakhan Russian is mentioned as a dialect related to the Northern Russian group.
Answer: False
Astrakhan Russian is identified in the classification as a sub-dialect related to the Southern Russian dialects, not the Northern group.
Don Cossack and Kuban Cossack dialects are examples of ethnic Russian dialects mentioned.
Answer: True
Don Cossack and Kuban Cossack dialects are cited as examples of ethnic Russian dialects.
The merger of affricates /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/ is specific to the Pskov and Ryazan sub-dialects within the Southern Russian group.
Answer: True
The merger of affricates /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/ is noted as a specific feature within the Pskov and Ryazan sub-dialects of Southern Russian.
Southern Russian dialects merge the sounds /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/ into a single consonant.
Answer: True
The merger of the affricates /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/ into a single consonant sound is a feature observed in Southern Russian dialects, particularly in the Pskov and Ryazan sub-groups.
The Pskov and Ryazan sub-groups are part of the Northern Russian dialect classification.
Answer: False
The Pskov and Ryazan sub-groups are classified as part of the Southern Russian dialect group, not the Northern one.
Which specific sub-groups of Southern Russian dialects are noted for merging the affricates /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/?
Answer: Pskov and Ryazan
The Pskov and Ryazan sub-groups of Southern Russian dialects are noted for merging the affricates /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/.
Astrakhan Russian is mentioned in the classification as being related to which dialect group?
Answer: Southern Russian
Astrakhan Russian is mentioned as being related to the Southern Russian dialect group.
The merger of affricates /t͡ʃ/ and /t͡s/ is noted in which specific sub-dialects?
Answer: Pskov (southern) and Ryazan
This merger is noted in the Pskov (southern) and Ryazan sub-dialects.