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Soviet T-72 Main Battle Tank: History and Specifications

At a Glance

Title: Soviet T-72 Main Battle Tank: History and Specifications

Total Categories: 7

Category Stats

  • Origins and Design Philosophy: 10 flashcards, 12 questions
  • Technical Specifications: 10 flashcards, 19 questions
  • Armor and Protection Systems: 11 flashcards, 20 questions
  • Autoloader and Crew Operations: 6 flashcards, 12 questions
  • Variants and Modernization: 5 flashcards, 14 questions
  • Combat History and Global Service: 8 flashcards, 10 questions
  • Related Vehicles and Derivatives: 1 flashcards, 2 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 51
  • True/False Questions: 49
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 40
  • Total Questions: 89

Instructions

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Welcome to Your Curriculum Command Center

This guide will turn you into a Wiki2web Studio power user. Let's unlock the features designed to give you back your weekends.

The Core Concept: What is a "Kit"?

Think of a Kit as your all-in-one digital lesson plan. It's a single, portable file that contains every piece of content for a topic: your subject categories, a central image, all your flashcards, and all your questions. The true power of the Studio is speed—once a kit is made (or you import one), you are just minutes away from printing an entire set of coursework.

Getting Started is Simple:

  • Create New Kit: Start with a clean slate. Perfect for a brand-new lesson idea.
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Step 1: Laying the Foundation (The Authoring Tools)

This is where you build the core knowledge of your Kit. Use the left-side navigation panel to switch between these powerful authoring modules.

⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

This is the high-level control panel for your project.

  • Kit Name: Give your Kit a clear title. This will appear on all your printed materials.
  • Master Image: Upload a custom cover image for your Kit. This is essential for giving your content a professional visual identity, and it's used as the main graphic when you export your Kit as an interactive game.
  • Topics: Create the structure for your lesson. Add topics like "Chapter 1," "Vocabulary," or "Key Formulas." All flashcards and questions will be organized under these topics.

🃏 Flashcard Author: Building the Knowledge Blocks

Flashcards are the fundamental concepts of your Kit. Create them here to define terms, list facts, or pose simple questions.

  • Click "➕ Add New Flashcard" to open the editor.
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Create a bank of questions to test knowledge. These questions are the engine for your worksheets and exams.

  • Click "➕ Add New Question".
  • Choose a Type: True/False for quick checks or Multiple Choice for more complex assessments.
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🔗 Intelligent Mapper: The Smart Connection

This is the secret sauce of the Studio. The Mapper transforms your content from a simple list into an interconnected web of knowledge, automating the creation of amazing study guides.

  • Step 1: Select a question from the list on the left.
  • Step 2: In the right panel, click on every flashcard that contains a concept required to answer that question. They will turn green, indicating a successful link.
  • The Payoff: When you generate a Smart Study Guide, these linked flashcards will automatically appear under each question as "Related Concepts."

Step 2: The Magic (The Generator Suite)

You've built your content. Now, with a few clicks, turn it into a full suite of professional, ready-to-use materials. What used to take hours of formatting and copying-and-pasting can now be done in seconds.

🎓 Smart Study Guide Maker

Instantly create the ultimate review document. It combines your questions, the correct answers, your detailed explanations, and all the "Related Concepts" you linked in the Mapper into one cohesive, printable guide.

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Generate unique assessments every time. The questions and multiple-choice options are randomized automatically. Simply select your topics, choose how many questions you need, and generate:

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Step 3: Saving and Collaborating

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You're now ready to reclaim your time.

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Disclaimer: This website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute any kind of advice. The information is not a substitute for consulting official sources or records or seeking advice from qualified professionals.


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Study Guide: Soviet T-72 Main Battle Tank: History and Specifications

Study Guide: Soviet T-72 Main Battle Tank: History and Specifications

Origins and Design Philosophy

The T-72 main battle tank was developed as a more complex and expensive alternative to the T-64.

Answer: False

The T-72 was developed as a more affordable and simpler alternative to the T-64, not a more complex and expensive one.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72 main battle tank?: The T-72 is a family of Soviet main battle tanks that began production in 1973. It was developed as a more affordable and simpler alternative to the T-64, incorporating some of its design elements. Approximately 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built, and it has been widely exported, serving in numerous countries and conflicts.

The T-72 tank was primarily designed by the Morozov Design Bureau in Kharkiv.

Answer: False

The T-72 was primarily designed by the Uralvagon KB in Nizhny Tagil, Soviet Union. The Morozov Design Bureau in Kharkiv was responsible for the T-64.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the origin and production timeline of the T-72 tank?: The T-72 originated in the Soviet Union, with production commencing in 1973. It was designed between 1967 and 1973 by Uralvagon KB, led by Leonid Kartsev and later Valeri Venediktov. Production has continued to the present day, with various modernized versions being developed and manufactured.
  • Who were the key figures involved in the T-72's design and development?: Key figures in the T-72's development included Leonid Kartsev and Valeri Venediktov from Uralvagon KB in Nizhny Tagil, who led the design of the Object 172 (T-72). The rival design bureau was led by Alexander Morozov in Kharkiv, responsible for the T-64. Dmitry Ustinov, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, also played a significant role in the tank's approval and production.

The T-72's compact size and lighter weight were strategic disadvantages, limiting its mobility in Soviet-bloc infrastructure.

Answer: False

The T-72's lightweight and compact design were strategic advantages, facilitating its mobility and operation on infrastructure within the Soviet-bloc.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the T-72's design prioritize mobility and infrastructure compatibility in the Soviet bloc?: The T-72's relatively light weight and compact size were strategic advantages, allowing it to operate on roads and bridges within the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations that might not support heavier Western tanks. This design choice facilitated easier deployment and maneuverability within its intended operational theater.
  • What is the significance of the T-72's design being 'extremely lightweight' and 'very small' compared to Western tanks?: The T-72's lightweight (around 41 tonnes) and compact dimensions were a deliberate design choice. This allowed it to traverse infrastructure in former Warsaw Pact countries that might not support heavier Western tanks, enhancing its mobility and operational flexibility within its intended theater of operations.

The T-72's design prioritized being extremely lightweight and very small solely for ease of transport, not operational mobility.

Answer: False

The T-72's lightweight and compact design prioritized operational mobility and compatibility with Soviet-bloc infrastructure, not solely ease of transport.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the T-72's design prioritize mobility and infrastructure compatibility in the Soviet bloc?: The T-72's relatively light weight and compact size were strategic advantages, allowing it to operate on roads and bridges within the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations that might not support heavier Western tanks. This design choice facilitated easier deployment and maneuverability within its intended operational theater.
  • What is the significance of the T-72's design being 'extremely lightweight' and 'very small' compared to Western tanks?: The T-72's lightweight (around 41 tonnes) and compact dimensions were a deliberate design choice. This allowed it to traverse infrastructure in former Warsaw Pact countries that might not support heavier Western tanks, enhancing its mobility and operational flexibility within its intended theater of operations.

The T-72 was developed in parallel with the T-64, with both tanks originating from the same design bureau.

Answer: False

The T-72 and T-64 were developed in parallel but originated from different design bureaus: the Morozov Design Bureau (T-64) and Uralvagon KB (T-72).

Related Concepts:

  • What was the origin and production timeline of the T-72 tank?: The T-72 originated in the Soviet Union, with production commencing in 1973. It was designed between 1967 and 1973 by Uralvagon KB, led by Leonid Kartsev and later Valeri Venediktov. Production has continued to the present day, with various modernized versions being developed and manufactured.
  • What were the primary design bureaus involved in the Soviet tank development rivalry that influenced the T-72?: The primary design bureaus involved were the Morozov KB in Kharkiv, led by Alexander Morozov, which developed the T-64, and the Uralvagon KB in Nizhny Tagil, led by Leonid Kartsev, which developed the T-72. This rivalry influenced the distinct design philosophies and features of the tanks.

The T-72's design philosophy prioritized advanced technology and crew comfort over cost and reliability.

Answer: False

The T-72's design philosophy prioritized mass production, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, rather than advanced technology and crew comfort above these factors.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of the T-72's development in the context of Soviet tank design philosophy?: The T-72 represented a pragmatic approach to tank design, prioritizing mass production, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, drawing lessons from Soviet experiences in World War II. It balanced firepower and protection within a compact, mobile chassis, making it a widely adopted and influential tank design.
  • How did the T-72's design prioritize mobility and infrastructure compatibility in the Soviet bloc?: The T-72's relatively light weight and compact size were strategic advantages, allowing it to operate on roads and bridges within the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations that might not support heavier Western tanks. This design choice facilitated easier deployment and maneuverability within its intended operational theater.

What was the primary design goal for the T-72 compared to the T-64?

Answer: To serve as a simpler, more affordable, and reliable alternative.

The T-72 was designed as a more cost-effective and reliable alternative to the technically complex T-64, while still offering substantial combat capability.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the T-72's development stem from the T-64 and T-62 tanks?: The T-72 was a development based on the T-64, utilizing design concepts from the earlier Object 167M. It was also influenced by the T-62, with early prototypes testing components like the T-62's turret. The T-72 aimed to improve upon the T-62 while offering a more cost-effective and reliable alternative to the technically ambitious T-64.
  • How did the T-72's design prioritize mobility and infrastructure compatibility in the Soviet bloc?: The T-72's relatively light weight and compact size were strategic advantages, allowing it to operate on roads and bridges within the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations that might not support heavier Western tanks. This design choice facilitated easier deployment and maneuverability within its intended operational theater.
  • What was the significance of the T-72's development in the context of Soviet tank design philosophy?: The T-72 represented a pragmatic approach to tank design, prioritizing mass production, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, drawing lessons from Soviet experiences in World War II. It balanced firepower and protection within a compact, mobile chassis, making it a widely adopted and influential tank design.

Which Soviet design bureau was responsible for the development of the T-72?

Answer: Uralvagon KB (Nizhny Tagil)

The T-72 was primarily designed by the Uralvagon KB (Ural Carriage Works Design Bureau) located in Nizhny Tagil, Soviet Union.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the origin and production timeline of the T-72 tank?: The T-72 originated in the Soviet Union, with production commencing in 1973. It was designed between 1967 and 1973 by Uralvagon KB, led by Leonid Kartsev and later Valeri Venediktov. Production has continued to the present day, with various modernized versions being developed and manufactured.
  • Who were the key figures involved in the T-72's design and development?: Key figures in the T-72's development included Leonid Kartsev and Valeri Venediktov from Uralvagon KB in Nizhny Tagil, who led the design of the Object 172 (T-72). The rival design bureau was led by Alexander Morozov in Kharkiv, responsible for the T-64. Dmitry Ustinov, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, also played a significant role in the tank's approval and production.

What is a significant advantage of the T-72's relatively light weight and compact size compared to Western tanks?

Answer: It allows operation on infrastructure (roads, bridges) that might not support heavier tanks.

The T-72's lighter weight and compact dimensions facilitate its operation on infrastructure, such as roads and bridges, that might not support heavier Western tanks, enhancing its strategic mobility.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the T-72's design prioritize mobility and infrastructure compatibility in the Soviet bloc?: The T-72's relatively light weight and compact size were strategic advantages, allowing it to operate on roads and bridges within the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations that might not support heavier Western tanks. This design choice facilitated easier deployment and maneuverability within its intended operational theater.
  • What is the significance of the T-72's design being 'extremely lightweight' and 'very small' compared to Western tanks?: The T-72's lightweight (around 41 tonnes) and compact dimensions were a deliberate design choice. This allowed it to traverse infrastructure in former Warsaw Pact countries that might not support heavier Western tanks, enhancing its mobility and operational flexibility within its intended theater of operations.

The T-72's design philosophy emphasized:

Answer: Mass production, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.

The T-72's design philosophy prioritized mass production, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, reflecting a pragmatic approach to tank design.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of the T-72's development in the context of Soviet tank design philosophy?: The T-72 represented a pragmatic approach to tank design, prioritizing mass production, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, drawing lessons from Soviet experiences in World War II. It balanced firepower and protection within a compact, mobile chassis, making it a widely adopted and influential tank design.
  • How did the T-72's design prioritize mobility and infrastructure compatibility in the Soviet bloc?: The T-72's relatively light weight and compact size were strategic advantages, allowing it to operate on roads and bridges within the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations that might not support heavier Western tanks. This design choice facilitated easier deployment and maneuverability within its intended operational theater.

Which Soviet design bureau developed the T-64 tank, influencing the T-72's development?

Answer: Morozov Design Bureau

The T-64 tank, which influenced the T-72's development, was designed by the Morozov Design Bureau in Kharkiv.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the primary design bureaus involved in the Soviet tank development rivalry that influenced the T-72?: The primary design bureaus involved were the Morozov KB in Kharkiv, led by Alexander Morozov, which developed the T-64, and the Uralvagon KB in Nizhny Tagil, led by Leonid Kartsev, which developed the T-72. This rivalry influenced the distinct design philosophies and features of the tanks.
  • How did the T-72's development stem from the T-64 and T-62 tanks?: The T-72 was a development based on the T-64, utilizing design concepts from the earlier Object 167M. It was also influenced by the T-62, with early prototypes testing components like the T-62's turret. The T-72 aimed to improve upon the T-62 while offering a more cost-effective and reliable alternative to the technically ambitious T-64.

The T-72's design philosophy prioritized:

Answer: Ease of battlefield reliability and cost-effectiveness.

The T-72's design philosophy emphasized ease of battlefield reliability and cost-effectiveness, reflecting a pragmatic approach to mass production and deployment.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of the T-72's development in the context of Soviet tank design philosophy?: The T-72 represented a pragmatic approach to tank design, prioritizing mass production, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, drawing lessons from Soviet experiences in World War II. It balanced firepower and protection within a compact, mobile chassis, making it a widely adopted and influential tank design.
  • How did the T-72's design prioritize mobility and infrastructure compatibility in the Soviet bloc?: The T-72's relatively light weight and compact size were strategic advantages, allowing it to operate on roads and bridges within the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations that might not support heavier Western tanks. This design choice facilitated easier deployment and maneuverability within its intended operational theater.

Technical Specifications

The T-72 is equipped with a 105 mm main gun.

Answer: False

The T-72 is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore main gun, not a 105 mm gun.

Related Concepts:

  • What types of armament does the T-72 typically carry?: The T-72 is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore main gun, part of the 2A46 series, capable of firing APFSDS, HEAT rounds, and anti-tank guided missiles. It also typically features a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7 mm NSVT heavy machine gun, often mounted on the commander's cupola.
  • What is the primary armament of the T-72, and how does its caliber compare to Western tanks?: The T-72's primary armament is a 125 mm smoothbore gun, part of the 2A46 series. This caliber is larger than the 105 mm guns found in many contemporary Western MBTs of the era and slightly larger than the 120 mm guns used in later Western tanks.

The T-72 is significantly heavier and larger than most contemporary Western main battle tanks.

Answer: False

The T-72 is notably lighter and smaller than many contemporary Western main battle tanks, typically weighing around 41-45 tonnes.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's weight and size compare to Western main battle tanks?: The T-72 is notably lighter and smaller than many contemporary Western main battle tanks, typically weighing around 41-45 tonnes. This compact design allowed it to traverse infrastructure in former Warsaw Pact countries that might not support heavier tanks, enhancing its strategic mobility.

The original 2A26M2 gun used in the T-72 had a barrel life expectancy of around 150 rounds for APFSDS projectiles.

Answer: True

The original 2A26M2 gun used in the T-72 had an estimated barrel life expectancy of approximately 150 rounds for APFSDS projectiles.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the barrel life expectancy of the T-72's original 2A26M2 gun?: The original 2A26M2 model gun used in the T-72 had an estimated barrel life expectancy of 600 rounds for HE/HEAT equivalents or 150 rounds for APFSDS projectiles.

The T-72's large-diameter road wheels are a key feature used for identification.

Answer: True

The T-72's distinctive large-diameter road wheels are indeed a characteristic feature used for its identification.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the purpose of the T-72's large-diameter road wheels?: The T-72's distinctive large-diameter road wheels, along with its 0.58-meter wide tracks, are characteristic features that help identify it and its descendants. This suspension design is part of its overall chassis configuration.

The T-72's operational range is typically around 500 km, extendable with auxiliary fuel drums.

Answer: True

The T-72 typically has an operational range of approximately 500 km, which can be extended with the use of auxiliary fuel drums.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's maximum speed and operational range?: The T-72 has a maximum speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) on roads. Its operational range is typically around 500 km (310 mi), which can be extended to 650-700 km (400-430 mi) when equipped with auxiliary fuel drums.

The T-72's main gun can fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) with a maximum aimed range of up to 10,000 meters.

Answer: False

The T-72's main gun can fire ATGMs with a maximum aimed range of up to 4,000 meters, not 10,000 meters.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's maximum aimed firing range with its gun-launched missile system?: The T-72's main gun can fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) with a maximum aimed range of up to 4,000 meters (approximately 4,374 yards).

Most standard T-72 models are equipped with advanced thermal imaging systems comparable to modern Western tanks.

Answer: False

Most standard T-72 models are equipped with a 'Luna' infrared illuminator for night operations, rather than advanced thermal imaging systems found on many Western tanks.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's typical night vision capability?: Most standard T-72 models are equipped with a 'Luna' infrared illuminator for night operations. While export upgrades can include advanced night sights, many variants lack the sophisticated thermal imaging systems found on some Western tanks.

The T-72 primarily uses V12 diesel engines, such as the V-46 and V-84 variants.

Answer: True

The T-72 primarily utilizes V12 diesel engines, with variants like the V-46 and V-84 being common in different models.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's primary engine type, and what are some of its variants?: The T-72 primarily uses V12 diesel engines. Specific variants include the V-46-4 and V-46-6 engines found in the T-72 Ural and T-72A respectively, the more powerful V-84-1 in the T-72B, and the V-92S2F in modernized versions like the T-72B3 and T-72B3M.

The T-72's coaxial armament consists of a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun.

Answer: False

The T-72's coaxial armament is typically a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. A 12.7 mm heavy machine gun is usually mounted separately on the commander's cupola.

Related Concepts:

  • What types of armament does the T-72 typically carry?: The T-72 is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore main gun, part of the 2A46 series, capable of firing APFSDS, HEAT rounds, and anti-tank guided missiles. It also typically features a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7 mm NSVT heavy machine gun, often mounted on the commander's cupola.
  • What is the primary armament of the T-72, and how does its caliber compare to Western tanks?: The T-72's primary armament is a 125 mm smoothbore gun, part of the 2A46 series. This caliber is larger than the 105 mm guns found in many contemporary Western MBTs of the era and slightly larger than the 120 mm guns used in later Western tanks.

What is the primary armament caliber of the T-72 main battle tank?

Answer: 125 mm

The primary armament of the T-72 main battle tank is a 125 mm smoothbore gun.

Related Concepts:

  • What types of armament does the T-72 typically carry?: The T-72 is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore main gun, part of the 2A46 series, capable of firing APFSDS, HEAT rounds, and anti-tank guided missiles. It also typically features a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7 mm NSVT heavy machine gun, often mounted on the commander's cupola.
  • What is the primary armament of the T-72, and how does its caliber compare to Western tanks?: The T-72's primary armament is a 125 mm smoothbore gun, part of the 2A46 series. This caliber is larger than the 105 mm guns found in many contemporary Western MBTs of the era and slightly larger than the 120 mm guns used in later Western tanks.

Which of the following ammunition types can the T-72's main gun fire?

Answer: APFSDS, HEAT rounds, and anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs).

The T-72's 125 mm gun is capable of firing APFSDS, HEAT, and HE rounds, as well as anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) in upgraded variants.

Related Concepts:

  • What types of ammunition can the T-72's main gun fire?: The T-72's 125 mm gun can fire various types of ammunition, including Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) rounds, High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) rounds, and High Explosive (HE) rounds. Notably, upgraded versions can also fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) through the barrel.
  • What is the T-72's maximum aimed firing range with its gun-launched missile system?: The T-72's main gun can fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) with a maximum aimed range of up to 4,000 meters (approximately 4,374 yards).

What is the typical maximum road speed of a T-72 tank?

Answer: 60 km/h

The T-72 tank has a typical maximum road speed of 60 km/h (approximately 37 mph).

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's maximum speed and operational range?: The T-72 has a maximum speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) on roads. Its operational range is typically around 500 km (310 mi), which can be extended to 650-700 km (400-430 mi) when equipped with auxiliary fuel drums.
  • How does the T-72's weight and size compare to Western main battle tanks?: The T-72 is notably lighter and smaller than many contemporary Western main battle tanks, typically weighing around 41-45 tonnes. This compact design allowed it to traverse infrastructure in former Warsaw Pact countries that might not support heavier tanks, enhancing its strategic mobility.

What is the typical operational range of the T-72 on internal fuel?

Answer: 500 km

The typical operational range of the T-72 on internal fuel is approximately 500 km (about 310 miles).

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's maximum speed and operational range?: The T-72 has a maximum speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) on roads. Its operational range is typically around 500 km (310 mi), which can be extended to 650-700 km (400-430 mi) when equipped with auxiliary fuel drums.
  • How does the T-72's weight and size compare to Western main battle tanks?: The T-72 is notably lighter and smaller than many contemporary Western main battle tanks, typically weighing around 41-45 tonnes. This compact design allowed it to traverse infrastructure in former Warsaw Pact countries that might not support heavier tanks, enhancing its strategic mobility.

Besides the main gun, what other armament is typically found on a T-72?

Answer: A 12.7mm heavy machine gun and a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun.

Besides its main 125 mm gun, the T-72 typically features a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7 mm NSVT heavy machine gun, often mounted on the commander's cupola.

Related Concepts:

  • What types of armament does the T-72 typically carry?: The T-72 is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore main gun, part of the 2A46 series, capable of firing APFSDS, HEAT rounds, and anti-tank guided missiles. It also typically features a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7 mm NSVT heavy machine gun, often mounted on the commander's cupola.
  • What is the primary armament of the T-72, and how does its caliber compare to Western tanks?: The T-72's primary armament is a 125 mm smoothbore gun, part of the 2A46 series. This caliber is larger than the 105 mm guns found in many contemporary Western MBTs of the era and slightly larger than the 120 mm guns used in later Western tanks.

What was the estimated barrel life expectancy of the T-72's original 2A26M2 gun for APFSDS projectiles?

Answer: 150 rounds

The original 2A26M2 gun used in the T-72 had an estimated barrel life expectancy of approximately 150 rounds for APFSDS projectiles.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the barrel life expectancy of the T-72's original 2A26M2 gun?: The original 2A26M2 model gun used in the T-72 had an estimated barrel life expectancy of 600 rounds for HE/HEAT equivalents or 150 rounds for APFSDS projectiles.

What is the maximum aimed firing range for anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) fired from the T-72's main gun?

Answer: 4,000 meters

The T-72's main gun can fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) with a maximum aimed range of up to 4,000 meters.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's maximum aimed firing range with its gun-launched missile system?: The T-72's main gun can fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) with a maximum aimed range of up to 4,000 meters (approximately 4,374 yards).
  • What types of ammunition can the T-72's main gun fire?: The T-72's 125 mm gun can fire various types of ammunition, including Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) rounds, High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) rounds, and High Explosive (HE) rounds. Notably, upgraded versions can also fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) through the barrel.

What type of night vision equipment is standard on most T-72 models?

Answer: A 'Luna' infrared illuminator.

Most standard T-72 models are equipped with a 'Luna' infrared illuminator for night operations, rather than advanced thermal imaging systems.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's typical night vision capability?: Most standard T-72 models are equipped with a 'Luna' infrared illuminator for night operations. While export upgrades can include advanced night sights, many variants lack the sophisticated thermal imaging systems found on some Western tanks.

What was the primary engine type used in the T-72 tank?

Answer: V12 Diesel

The T-72 tank primarily utilizes V12 diesel engines, such as the V-46 and V-84 variants.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72's primary engine type, and what are some of its variants?: The T-72 primarily uses V12 diesel engines. Specific variants include the V-46-4 and V-46-6 engines found in the T-72 Ural and T-72A respectively, the more powerful V-84-1 in the T-72B, and the V-92S2F in modernized versions like the T-72B3 and T-72B3M.

What is the T-72's typical coaxial armament?

Answer: A 7.62mm PKT machine gun.

The T-72's typical coaxial armament is a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, complementing its main 125 mm gun.

Related Concepts:

  • What types of armament does the T-72 typically carry?: The T-72 is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore main gun, part of the 2A46 series, capable of firing APFSDS, HEAT rounds, and anti-tank guided missiles. It also typically features a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7 mm NSVT heavy machine gun, often mounted on the commander's cupola.
  • What is the primary armament of the T-72, and how does its caliber compare to Western tanks?: The T-72's primary armament is a 125 mm smoothbore gun, part of the 2A46 series. This caliber is larger than the 105 mm guns found in many contemporary Western MBTs of the era and slightly larger than the 120 mm guns used in later Western tanks.

Armor and Protection Systems

The 'jack-in-the-box' effect, where the turret is ejected, was first observed during the Vietnam War.

Answer: False

The 'jack-in-the-box' effect, a catastrophic ammunition explosion ejecting the turret, was first observed during the Gulf War.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the 'jack-in-the-box' effect associated with the T-72, and when was it first observed?: The 'jack-in-the-box' effect refers to the T-72's vulnerability where penetrating hits can trigger a chain reaction in the stored ammunition, causing the turret to be ejected from the hull. This catastrophic explosion was first observed during the Gulf War.

The T-72A model introduced composite armor in its turret, nicknamed 'Dolly Parton' by US intelligence.

Answer: True

The T-72A model incorporated composite armor in its turret, which was subsequently nicknamed 'Dolly Parton' by US intelligence due to its distinctive shape.

Related Concepts:

  • How has the T-72's armor protection evolved over its different models?: The T-72's armor protection was progressively enhanced. Early models like the T-72 Ural used conventional cast steel armor. Later versions, such as the T-72A, incorporated composite armor in the turret front and top, nicknamed 'Dolly Parton' by US intelligence. The T-72B introduced further improved composite armor and the option for Kontakt-1 or Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor (ERA), significantly increasing protection against various threats.

Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) on T-72 variants primarily enhances protection against kinetic energy penetrators.

Answer: False

Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) on T-72 variants primarily enhances protection against shaped-charge warheads (HEAT rounds). While later versions like Kontakt-5 offered some degree of protection against kinetic energy penetrators, this was not its primary function.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the role of Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) on T-72 variants?: Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA), such as Kontakt-1 and the later Kontakt-5, is fitted to T-72 variants to enhance protection, primarily against shaped-charge warheads (like those in HEAT rounds). Kontakt-5 ERA also offered some protection against kinetic energy penetrators, representing a significant upgrade in defensive capabilities.

The T-72 lacks any form of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protection system for its crew.

Answer: False

The T-72 is equipped with an NBC protection system, including an internal lining of a boron compound to reduce radiation exposure and an air filtration system.

Related Concepts:

  • What nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protection features does the T-72 possess?: The T-72 is equipped with an NBC protection system that includes an internal lining of a boron compound to reduce radiation exposure and an air filtration system to provide clean air to the crew. A slight over-pressure within the crew compartment helps prevent the ingress of contaminants.

The T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA provides protection equivalent to approximately 300 mm of RHA against APFSDS rounds.

Answer: False

The T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA provided protection equivalent to approximately 770-800 mm of RHA against APFSDS rounds on the turret, significantly more than the 300 mm stated.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the estimated protection level of the T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA against APFSDS rounds?: The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-5 ERA is estimated to have a turret protection level equivalent to 770-800 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) against APFSDS rounds, and 690 mm against APFSDS on the hull. This significantly enhanced protection made it formidable against many contemporary threats.

The 'cope cages' seen on Russian T-72 tanks in the Russo-Ukrainian War are standard factory-installed armor upgrades.

Answer: False

The 'cope cages' are improvised metal grilles attached to the top of tanks, believed to be a countermeasure against top-attack munitions and drone-dropped explosives, rather than standard factory upgrades.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the 'cope cages' seen on Russian T-72 tanks in the Russo-Ukrainian War?: The 'cope cages' are improvised metal grilles attached to the top of Russian T-72B3 tanks. They are speculated to be a measure to protect against top-attack weapons, such as Javelin and NLAW missiles, or potentially drone-dropped explosives, reflecting lessons learned from earlier conflicts.
  • What is the purpose of the mesh screens sometimes seen on Russian T-72B3 tanks in Ukraine?: The mesh screens, colloquially known as 'cope cages,' are believed to be an improvised countermeasure against top-attack weapons like the Javelin and NLAW missiles, as well as potentially against drone attacks or RPGs fired from elevated positions in urban combat. They aim to detonate incoming munitions before they hit the tank's more vulnerable top armor.

The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-1 ERA offered significantly reduced protection against HEAT rounds compared to tanks without ERA.

Answer: False

The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-1 ERA significantly *enhanced* protection against HEAT rounds, offering an estimated equivalent of 900-950 mm of RHA, rather than reducing it.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the T-72's estimated protection level against HEAT rounds for the T-72B with Kontakt-1 ERA?: The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-1 ERA offered an estimated protection level equivalent to 900-950 mm of RHA against HEAT rounds on the turret and 900 mm on the hull. This made it highly resistant to many contemporary anti-tank guided missiles and rocket-propelled grenades.

The internal boron lining in the T-72 is designed to improve the tank's engine performance.

Answer: False

The internal boron lining in the T-72 is designed to mitigate the effects of nuclear radiation on the crew, not to improve engine performance.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the purpose of the T-72's internal boron lining?: The internal lining of the T-72's hull and turret is made of a synthetic fabric containing a boron compound. This lining is designed to reduce the amount of penetrating radiation that could reach the crew in the event of a nuclear explosion, particularly from neutron bombs.

The T-72A's glacis plate composition was updated with HHA steel and a Tekstolit laminate.

Answer: True

The T-72A variant featured an updated glacis plate composition that included HHA steel and a Tekstolit laminate layer.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's hull armor composition differ between models like the T-72 Ural and T-72A?: The original T-72 'Ural' (Object 172M) featured a cast steel turret and an 80 mm thick glacis plate composed of RHA, laminate, and RHA steel. The T-72A (Object 172M-1) introduced improved composite armor in the turret front and top, and its glacis plate composition was updated with HHA steel, glass Tekstolit laminate, and RHA steel.

The mesh screens, or 'cope cages', on T-72B3 tanks are primarily intended to improve the tank's camouflage.

Answer: False

The 'cope cages' are primarily intended as a countermeasure against top-attack munitions and drone-dropped explosives, not for camouflage.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the purpose of the mesh screens sometimes seen on Russian T-72B3 tanks in Ukraine?: The mesh screens, colloquially known as 'cope cages,' are believed to be an improvised countermeasure against top-attack weapons like the Javelin and NLAW missiles, as well as potentially against drone attacks or RPGs fired from elevated positions in urban combat. They aim to detonate incoming munitions before they hit the tank's more vulnerable top armor.

The T-72 Ural model featured composite armor in its turret.

Answer: False

The T-72 Ural model featured a cast steel turret. Composite armor was introduced in the turret of the subsequent T-72A variant.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's hull armor composition differ between models like the T-72 Ural and T-72A?: The original T-72 'Ural' (Object 172M) featured a cast steel turret and an 80 mm thick glacis plate composed of RHA, laminate, and RHA steel. The T-72A (Object 172M-1) introduced improved composite armor in the turret front and top, and its glacis plate composition was updated with HHA steel, glass Tekstolit laminate, and RHA steel.

What catastrophic effect is associated with penetrating hits to the T-72's ammunition storage, leading to turret ejection?

Answer: The 'jack-in-the-box' effect.

The 'jack-in-the-box' effect, characterized by the ejection of the turret due to ammunition detonation, is a known vulnerability associated with penetrating hits to the T-72's ammunition storage.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the 'jack-in-the-box' effect associated with the T-72, and when was it first observed?: The 'jack-in-the-box' effect refers to the T-72's vulnerability where penetrating hits can trigger a chain reaction in the stored ammunition, causing the turret to be ejected from the hull. This catastrophic explosion was first observed during the Gulf War.

Which T-72 variant featured composite armor in the turret, nicknamed 'Dolly Parton' by US intelligence?

Answer: T-72A

The T-72A model was the first to feature composite armor in its turret, which was subsequently nicknamed 'Dolly Parton' by US intelligence.

Related Concepts:

  • How has the T-72's armor protection evolved over its different models?: The T-72's armor protection was progressively enhanced. Early models like the T-72 Ural used conventional cast steel armor. Later versions, such as the T-72A, incorporated composite armor in the turret front and top, nicknamed 'Dolly Parton' by US intelligence. The T-72B introduced further improved composite armor and the option for Kontakt-1 or Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor (ERA), significantly increasing protection against various threats.

What is the purpose of the internal boron compound lining found in the T-72?

Answer: To reduce the amount of penetrating radiation reaching the crew after a nuclear explosion.

The internal boron compound lining is designed to mitigate the effects of nuclear radiation on the crew, particularly from neutron radiation following a nuclear detonation.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the purpose of the T-72's internal boron lining?: The internal lining of the T-72's hull and turret is made of a synthetic fabric containing a boron compound. This lining is designed to reduce the amount of penetrating radiation that could reach the crew in the event of a nuclear explosion, particularly from neutron bombs.

What was the estimated protection level of a T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA against APFSDS rounds on its turret?

Answer: Equivalent to 770-800 mm of RHA

The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-5 ERA is estimated to have a turret protection level equivalent to 770-800 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) against APFSDS rounds.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the estimated protection level of the T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA against APFSDS rounds?: The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-5 ERA is estimated to have a turret protection level equivalent to 770-800 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) against APFSDS rounds, and 690 mm against APFSDS on the hull. This significantly enhanced protection made it formidable against many contemporary threats.

What are the 'cope cages' observed on Russian T-72 tanks in the Russo-Ukrainian War believed to be?

Answer: Improvised protection against top-attack munitions and drones.

The 'cope cages' are improvised metal grilles attached to the top of tanks, believed to be a countermeasure against top-attack munitions and drone-dropped explosives.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the 'cope cages' seen on Russian T-72 tanks in the Russo-Ukrainian War?: The 'cope cages' are improvised metal grilles attached to the top of Russian T-72B3 tanks. They are speculated to be a measure to protect against top-attack weapons, such as Javelin and NLAW missiles, or potentially drone-dropped explosives, reflecting lessons learned from earlier conflicts.
  • What is the purpose of the mesh screens sometimes seen on Russian T-72B3 tanks in Ukraine?: The mesh screens, colloquially known as 'cope cages,' are believed to be an improvised countermeasure against top-attack weapons like the Javelin and NLAW missiles, as well as potentially against drone attacks or RPGs fired from elevated positions in urban combat. They aim to detonate incoming munitions before they hit the tank's more vulnerable top armor.

What type of ERA is fitted to the T-72B3M (model 2016) for enhanced protection?

Answer: Relikt

The T-72B3M (model 2016) is fitted with Relikt explosive reactive armor (ERA) for enhanced protection.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the role of Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) on T-72 variants?: Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA), such as Kontakt-1 and the later Kontakt-5, is fitted to T-72 variants to enhance protection, primarily against shaped-charge warheads (like those in HEAT rounds). Kontakt-5 ERA also offered some protection against kinetic energy penetrators, representing a significant upgrade in defensive capabilities.
  • What is the estimated protection level of the T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA against APFSDS rounds?: The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-5 ERA is estimated to have a turret protection level equivalent to 770-800 mm of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) against APFSDS rounds, and 690 mm against APFSDS on the hull. This significantly enhanced protection made it formidable against many contemporary threats.

What was the T-72's estimated protection level against HEAT rounds for the T-72B with Kontakt-1 ERA?

Answer: Equivalent to 900-950 mm of RHA

The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-1 ERA offered an estimated protection level equivalent to 900-950 mm of RHA against HEAT rounds.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the T-72's estimated protection level against HEAT rounds for the T-72B with Kontakt-1 ERA?: The T-72B equipped with Kontakt-1 ERA offered an estimated protection level equivalent to 900-950 mm of RHA against HEAT rounds on the turret and 900 mm on the hull. This made it highly resistant to many contemporary anti-tank guided missiles and rocket-propelled grenades.
  • What is the role of Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) on T-72 variants?: Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA), such as Kontakt-1 and the later Kontakt-5, is fitted to T-72 variants to enhance protection, primarily against shaped-charge warheads (like those in HEAT rounds). Kontakt-5 ERA also offered some protection against kinetic energy penetrators, representing a significant upgrade in defensive capabilities.

What was the T-72A model's significant armor upgrade compared to the T-72 Ural?

Answer: Composite armor in the turret front and top.

The T-72A model introduced significant armor improvements, notably composite armor in the turret front and top, differentiating it from the earlier T-72 Ural.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's hull armor composition differ between models like the T-72 Ural and T-72A?: The original T-72 'Ural' (Object 172M) featured a cast steel turret and an 80 mm thick glacis plate composed of RHA, laminate, and RHA steel. The T-72A (Object 172M-1) introduced improved composite armor in the turret front and top, and its glacis plate composition was updated with HHA steel, glass Tekstolit laminate, and RHA steel.
  • How has the T-72's armor protection evolved over its different models?: The T-72's armor protection was progressively enhanced. Early models like the T-72 Ural used conventional cast steel armor. Later versions, such as the T-72A, incorporated composite armor in the turret front and top, nicknamed 'Dolly Parton' by US intelligence. The T-72B introduced further improved composite armor and the option for Kontakt-1 or Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor (ERA), significantly increasing protection against various threats.

Which conflict saw the first observation of the T-72's 'jack-in-the-box' effect?

Answer: Gulf War

The catastrophic 'jack-in-the-box' effect, involving turret ejection due to ammunition detonation, was first observed during the Gulf War.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the 'jack-in-the-box' effect associated with the T-72, and when was it first observed?: The 'jack-in-the-box' effect refers to the T-72's vulnerability where penetrating hits can trigger a chain reaction in the stored ammunition, causing the turret to be ejected from the hull. This catastrophic explosion was first observed during the Gulf War.
  • Which major conflicts has the T-72 participated in?: The T-72 has seen extensive service in numerous conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War, the 1982 Lebanon War, the Gulf War, the Chechen Wars, the Russo-Georgian War, the Syrian Civil War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War, among many others.

Autoloader and Crew Operations

The T-72's autoloader system requires a separate crew member to act as a loader.

Answer: False

The T-72 is equipped with an autoloader system, which performs the function of a human loader, thus reducing the required crew size to three (commander, gunner, and driver).

Related Concepts:

  • What are the typical crew members of a T-72 tank?: The T-72 tank is operated by a crew of three: a commander, a gunner, and a driver. The role of the fourth crew member, the loader, is performed by the tank's automatic loading system.

A T-72 tank typically requires a crew of four: commander, gunner, driver, and loader.

Answer: False

The T-72 is equipped with an autoloader system, which performs the function of a human loader, thus reducing the required crew size to three (commander, gunner, and driver).

Related Concepts:

  • What are the typical crew members of a T-72 tank?: The T-72 tank is operated by a crew of three: a commander, a gunner, and a driver. The role of the fourth crew member, the loader, is performed by the tank's automatic loading system.

The T-72 is capable of crossing rivers up to 5 meters deep while submerged using a snorkel.

Answer: True

The T-72 is designed to cross rivers up to 5 meters deep while submerged, utilizing a snorkel system.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72 facilitate river crossing operations?: The T-72 is designed to cross rivers up to 5 meters deep while submerged. This is achieved by using a snorkel that can be assembled on-site, and the crew is equipped with personal rebreather apparatuses for emergency situations during submersion.

The T-72's autoloader stores ammunition in vertically stacked trays, similar to the T-64.

Answer: False

The T-72's autoloader stores ammunition in a circular arrangement of trays at the bottom of the fighting compartment, not in vertically stacked trays like the T-64.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the T-72's autoloader differ from that of the T-64?: While both the T-64 and T-72 used autoloaders to eliminate the loader crew member, the T-72's autoloader had a different design. The T-72's two-section ammunition trays were arranged in a circle at the bottom of the fighting compartment, holding 22 rounds, and required a sequential loading process for the shell and propellant charge. This differed from the T-64's vertically stacked trays and single-motion loading.

The T-72's autoloader has a minimum reload cycle of approximately 15 seconds.

Answer: False

The T-72's autoloader has a minimum reload cycle of approximately 6.5 seconds, significantly faster than 15 seconds.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the typical reload time for the T-72's autoloader?: The T-72's autoloader has a minimum reload cycle of approximately 6.5 seconds for standard ammunition and 8 seconds for ATGMs. Later versions and modernized systems have improved this, with some capable of achieving three shots in 13 seconds.

The T-72's autoloader elevates the gun by three degrees to align the breech with the loading tray.

Answer: True

The T-72's autoloader mechanism involves elevating the gun by three degrees to ensure proper alignment with the loading tray for sequential ammunition loading.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's autoloader system differ from that of the T-64 in terms of ammunition storage and loading?: The T-72's autoloader stores its 125 mm ammunition in 22 separate trays arranged in a circle at the bottom of the fighting compartment. Unlike the T-64's hinged trays that flipped open for a single-motion ram, the T-72's system sequentially loads the shell and propellant charge, resulting in a slightly longer reload cycle.
  • What is the purpose of the T-72's autoloader disconnecting the gun and cranking it up three degrees?: The autoloader disconnects the gun from its vertical stabilizer and elevates it by three degrees to align the breech with the loading tray and rammer. This mechanical process allows for the sequential loading of the shell and propellant charge into the chamber.

The T-72's autoloader requires the gun to be manually traversed to the side before loading.

Answer: False

The T-72's autoloader does not require manual traversal to the side; instead, it elevates the gun by three degrees to align the breech with the loading tray for sequential loading.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's autoloader system differ from that of the T-64 in terms of ammunition storage and loading?: The T-72's autoloader stores its 125 mm ammunition in 22 separate trays arranged in a circle at the bottom of the fighting compartment. Unlike the T-64's hinged trays that flipped open for a single-motion ram, the T-72's system sequentially loads the shell and propellant charge, resulting in a slightly longer reload cycle.
  • What is the purpose of the T-72's autoloader disconnecting the gun and cranking it up three degrees?: The autoloader disconnects the gun from its vertical stabilizer and elevates it by three degrees to align the breech with the loading tray and rammer. This mechanical process allows for the sequential loading of the shell and propellant charge into the chamber.

How many crew members typically operate a T-72 tank?

Answer: Three (Driver, Gunner, Commander)

The T-72 tank is operated by a crew of three: a commander, a gunner, and a driver, as the autoloader performs the loader's function.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the typical crew members of a T-72 tank?: The T-72 tank is operated by a crew of three: a commander, a gunner, and a driver. The role of the fourth crew member, the loader, is performed by the tank's automatic loading system.

How deep can a T-72 tank reportedly cross rivers while submerged using its specialized equipment?

Answer: Up to 5 meters

The T-72 is designed to cross rivers up to 5 meters deep while submerged, utilizing a snorkel system.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72 facilitate river crossing operations?: The T-72 is designed to cross rivers up to 5 meters deep while submerged. This is achieved by using a snorkel that can be assembled on-site, and the crew is equipped with personal rebreather apparatuses for emergency situations during submersion.

How does the T-72's autoloader prepare the gun for loading?

Answer: It disconnects the gun stabilizer and elevates the gun by three degrees.

The autoloader disconnects the gun's vertical stabilizer and elevates it by three degrees to align the breech with the loading tray for sequential loading of the shell and propellant charge.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's autoloader system differ from that of the T-64 in terms of ammunition storage and loading?: The T-72's autoloader stores its 125 mm ammunition in 22 separate trays arranged in a circle at the bottom of the fighting compartment. Unlike the T-64's hinged trays that flipped open for a single-motion ram, the T-72's system sequentially loads the shell and propellant charge, resulting in a slightly longer reload cycle.
  • What is the purpose of the T-72's autoloader disconnecting the gun and cranking it up three degrees?: The autoloader disconnects the gun from its vertical stabilizer and elevates it by three degrees to align the breech with the loading tray and rammer. This mechanical process allows for the sequential loading of the shell and propellant charge into the chamber.

How does the T-72's autoloader store its ammunition?

Answer: In 22 separate trays arranged in a circle at the bottom of the fighting compartment.

The T-72's autoloader stores its ammunition in 22 separate trays arranged in a circular configuration at the bottom of the fighting compartment.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's autoloader system differ from that of the T-64 in terms of ammunition storage and loading?: The T-72's autoloader stores its 125 mm ammunition in 22 separate trays arranged in a circle at the bottom of the fighting compartment. Unlike the T-64's hinged trays that flipped open for a single-motion ram, the T-72's system sequentially loads the shell and propellant charge, resulting in a slightly longer reload cycle.
  • How did the T-72's autoloader differ from that of the T-64?: While both the T-64 and T-72 used autoloaders to eliminate the loader crew member, the T-72's autoloader had a different design. The T-72's two-section ammunition trays were arranged in a circle at the bottom of the fighting compartment, holding 22 rounds, and required a sequential loading process for the shell and propellant charge. This differed from the T-64's vertically stacked trays and single-motion loading.

What is the purpose of the T-72's autoloader disconnecting the gun and elevating it by three degrees?

Answer: To align the breech with the loading tray for sequential loading.

Disconnecting the gun stabilizer and elevating the gun by three degrees aligns the breech with the loading tray, enabling the sequential loading of the shell and propellant charge by the autoloader.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the T-72's autoloader system differ from that of the T-64 in terms of ammunition storage and loading?: The T-72's autoloader stores its 125 mm ammunition in 22 separate trays arranged in a circle at the bottom of the fighting compartment. Unlike the T-64's hinged trays that flipped open for a single-motion ram, the T-72's system sequentially loads the shell and propellant charge, resulting in a slightly longer reload cycle.
  • What is the purpose of the T-72's autoloader disconnecting the gun and cranking it up three degrees?: The autoloader disconnects the gun from its vertical stabilizer and elevates it by three degrees to align the breech with the loading tray and rammer. This mechanical process allows for the sequential loading of the shell and propellant charge into the chamber.

Variants and Modernization

Production of the T-72 main battle tank began in the year 1967.

Answer: False

Production of the T-72 main battle tank commenced in 1973, although its design and development phase occurred between 1967 and 1973.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the origin and production timeline of the T-72 tank?: The T-72 originated in the Soviet Union, with production commencing in 1973. It was designed between 1967 and 1973 by Uralvagon KB, led by Leonid Kartsev and later Valeri Venediktov. Production has continued to the present day, with various modernized versions being developed and manufactured.

Approximately 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built since its inception.

Answer: True

Approximately 25,000 T-72 tanks of all variants have been produced since production began.

Related Concepts:

  • How many T-72 tanks were built in total?: Approximately 25,000 T-72 tanks of all variants have been built since production began in 1973.

The T-72B model was the first variant to feature the ability to fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) through its main gun.

Answer: True

The T-72B variant was the first to be equipped with the capability to fire the 9K120 Svir (ATGM) anti-tank guided missile system through its main gun.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the main differences between the T-72A and the T-72B models?: The T-72A, introduced in 1979, featured a laser rangefinder, improved fire control, and composite armor in the turret front and top. The T-72B, introduced in 1985, had a new main gun, improved stabilization and sights, the ability to fire the 9K120 Svir guided missile system, upgraded hull and turret composite armor, and a more powerful 840 hp engine.
  • What types of ammunition can the T-72's main gun fire?: The T-72's 125 mm gun can fire various types of ammunition, including Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) rounds, High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) rounds, and High Explosive (HE) rounds. Notably, upgraded versions can also fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) through the barrel.

The T-72B3M model is an older variant that predates the T-72B3.

Answer: False

The T-72B3M is a later and more advanced variant that incorporates upgrades beyond those found in the T-72B3.

Related Concepts:

  • What improvements does the T-72B3M (model 2016) offer over the T-72B3?: The T-72B3M (model 2016) enhances the T-72B3 by adding Relikt ERA to the sides, an improved 2A46M-5 gun with new ammunition, the 9K119M Refleks-M missile system, a more powerful 1,130 hp V-92S2F engine, an automatic transmission, and a rear-view camera. It is often mistakenly referred to as the T-72B4.
  • What are the T-72B3 and T-72B3M models?: The T-72B3 is a modernization program initiated around 2010, upgrading existing T-72B tanks with new sights, digital radios, improved autoloaders, and Kontakt-5 ERA. The T-72B3M (or T-72B3 model 2016) is a further upgrade featuring Relikt ERA, an improved engine, automatic transmission, and a new gun, representing the most advanced T-72 variant in Russian service.

The T-72B model introduced improved composite armor and the option for explosive reactive armor (ERA).

Answer: True

The T-72B variant incorporated improved composite armor and the option for fitting explosive reactive armor (ERA) for enhanced protection.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the main differences between the T-72A and the T-72B models?: The T-72A, introduced in 1979, featured a laser rangefinder, improved fire control, and composite armor in the turret front and top. The T-72B, introduced in 1985, had a new main gun, improved stabilization and sights, the ability to fire the 9K120 Svir guided missile system, upgraded hull and turret composite armor, and a more powerful 840 hp engine.
  • What is the role of Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) on T-72 variants?: Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA), such as Kontakt-1 and the later Kontakt-5, is fitted to T-72 variants to enhance protection, primarily against shaped-charge warheads (like those in HEAT rounds). Kontakt-5 ERA also offered some protection against kinetic energy penetrators, representing a significant upgrade in defensive capabilities.

The T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade included satellite navigation capabilities.

Answer: False

The T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade did not include satellite navigation capabilities, although it incorporated other significant technological enhancements.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade?: The T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade involved rebuilding existing T-72B tanks with new technologies such as the Sosna-U gunner's sight, digital radio, an improved autoloader, the 2A46M-2 gun, the 9K119 Refleks missile system, a V-92S2 engine, and Kontakt-5 ERA, though it lacked satellite navigation.
  • What are the T-72B3 and T-72B3M models?: The T-72B3 is a modernization program initiated around 2010, upgrading existing T-72B tanks with new sights, digital radios, improved autoloaders, and Kontakt-5 ERA. The T-72B3M (or T-72B3 model 2016) is a further upgrade featuring Relikt ERA, an improved engine, automatic transmission, and a new gun, representing the most advanced T-72 variant in Russian service.

The T-72B3M (model 2016) features Relikt ERA and an improved engine compared to the T-72B3.

Answer: True

The T-72B3M (model 2016) indeed features Relikt ERA and an improved engine, among other enhancements, compared to the T-72B3.

Related Concepts:

  • What improvements does the T-72B3M (model 2016) offer over the T-72B3?: The T-72B3M (model 2016) enhances the T-72B3 by adding Relikt ERA to the sides, an improved 2A46M-5 gun with new ammunition, the 9K119M Refleks-M missile system, a more powerful 1,130 hp V-92S2F engine, an automatic transmission, and a rear-view camera. It is often mistakenly referred to as the T-72B4.
  • What are the T-72B3 and T-72B3M models?: The T-72B3 is a modernization program initiated around 2010, upgrading existing T-72B tanks with new sights, digital radios, improved autoloaders, and Kontakt-5 ERA. The T-72B3M (or T-72B3 model 2016) is a further upgrade featuring Relikt ERA, an improved engine, automatic transmission, and a new gun, representing the most advanced T-72 variant in Russian service.

The T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade included the 2A46M-5 gun.

Answer: False

The T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade included the 2A46M-2 gun, not the 2A46M-5 gun which was featured in later upgrades.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade?: The T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade involved rebuilding existing T-72B tanks with new technologies such as the Sosna-U gunner's sight, digital radio, an improved autoloader, the 2A46M-2 gun, the 9K119 Refleks missile system, a V-92S2 engine, and Kontakt-5 ERA, though it lacked satellite navigation.
  • What are the T-72B3 and T-72B3M models?: The T-72B3 is a modernization program initiated around 2010, upgrading existing T-72B tanks with new sights, digital radios, improved autoloaders, and Kontakt-5 ERA. The T-72B3M (or T-72B3 model 2016) is a further upgrade featuring Relikt ERA, an improved engine, automatic transmission, and a new gun, representing the most advanced T-72 variant in Russian service.

The T-72B3M (model 2016) is often mistakenly referred to as the T-72B4.

Answer: True

The T-72B3M (model 2016) is indeed often mistakenly referred to as the T-72B4, reflecting common nomenclature confusion regarding its advanced upgrades.

Related Concepts:

  • What improvements does the T-72B3M (model 2016) offer over the T-72B3?: The T-72B3M (model 2016) enhances the T-72B3 by adding Relikt ERA to the sides, an improved 2A46M-5 gun with new ammunition, the 9K119M Refleks-M missile system, a more powerful 1,130 hp V-92S2F engine, an automatic transmission, and a rear-view camera. It is often mistakenly referred to as the T-72B4.
  • What are the T-72B3 and T-72B3M models?: The T-72B3 is a modernization program initiated around 2010, upgrading existing T-72B tanks with new sights, digital radios, improved autoloaders, and Kontakt-5 ERA. The T-72B3M (or T-72B3 model 2016) is a further upgrade featuring Relikt ERA, an improved engine, automatic transmission, and a new gun, representing the most advanced T-72 variant in Russian service.

In which year did the production of the T-72 main battle tank commence?

Answer: 1973

Production of the T-72 main battle tank commenced in 1973.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72 main battle tank?: The T-72 is a family of Soviet main battle tanks that began production in 1973. It was developed as a more affordable and simpler alternative to the T-64, incorporating some of its design elements. Approximately 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built, and it has been widely exported, serving in numerous countries and conflicts.
  • What was the origin and production timeline of the T-72 tank?: The T-72 originated in the Soviet Union, with production commencing in 1973. It was designed between 1967 and 1973 by Uralvagon KB, led by Leonid Kartsev and later Valeri Venediktov. Production has continued to the present day, with various modernized versions being developed and manufactured.

What is the approximate total number of T-72 tanks built since production began?

Answer: Approximately 25,000

Approximately 25,000 T-72 tanks of all variants have been produced since production began in 1973.

Related Concepts:

  • How many T-72 tanks were built in total?: Approximately 25,000 T-72 tanks of all variants have been built since production began in 1973.

What key feature does the T-72B3M (model 2016) possess that the T-72B3 (model 2011) lacks?

Answer: An automatic transmission

The T-72B3M (model 2016) upgrade includes an automatic transmission, a feature not present in the T-72B3 (model 2011).

Related Concepts:

  • What improvements does the T-72B3M (model 2016) offer over the T-72B3?: The T-72B3M (model 2016) enhances the T-72B3 by adding Relikt ERA to the sides, an improved 2A46M-5 gun with new ammunition, the 9K119M Refleks-M missile system, a more powerful 1,130 hp V-92S2F engine, an automatic transmission, and a rear-view camera. It is often mistakenly referred to as the T-72B4.
  • What are the T-72B3 and T-72B3M models?: The T-72B3 is a modernization program initiated around 2010, upgrading existing T-72B tanks with new sights, digital radios, improved autoloaders, and Kontakt-5 ERA. The T-72B3M (or T-72B3 model 2016) is a further upgrade featuring Relikt ERA, an improved engine, automatic transmission, and a new gun, representing the most advanced T-72 variant in Russian service.

What was a notable limitation of the T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade?

Answer: It did not include satellite navigation.

A notable limitation of the T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade was the absence of satellite navigation capabilities, despite other significant technological improvements.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade?: The T-72B3 model 2011 upgrade involved rebuilding existing T-72B tanks with new technologies such as the Sosna-U gunner's sight, digital radio, an improved autoloader, the 2A46M-2 gun, the 9K119 Refleks missile system, a V-92S2 engine, and Kontakt-5 ERA, though it lacked satellite navigation.
  • What are the T-72B3 and T-72B3M models?: The T-72B3 is a modernization program initiated around 2010, upgrading existing T-72B tanks with new sights, digital radios, improved autoloaders, and Kontakt-5 ERA. The T-72B3M (or T-72B3 model 2016) is a further upgrade featuring Relikt ERA, an improved engine, automatic transmission, and a new gun, representing the most advanced T-72 variant in Russian service.

What is the T-72B3M (model 2016) often mistakenly called?

Answer: T-72B4

The T-72B3M (model 2016) is frequently and mistakenly referred to as the T-72B4.

Related Concepts:

  • What improvements does the T-72B3M (model 2016) offer over the T-72B3?: The T-72B3M (model 2016) enhances the T-72B3 by adding Relikt ERA to the sides, an improved 2A46M-5 gun with new ammunition, the 9K119M Refleks-M missile system, a more powerful 1,130 hp V-92S2F engine, an automatic transmission, and a rear-view camera. It is often mistakenly referred to as the T-72B4.
  • What are the T-72B3 and T-72B3M models?: The T-72B3 is a modernization program initiated around 2010, upgrading existing T-72B tanks with new sights, digital radios, improved autoloaders, and Kontakt-5 ERA. The T-72B3M (or T-72B3 model 2016) is a further upgrade featuring Relikt ERA, an improved engine, automatic transmission, and a new gun, representing the most advanced T-72 variant in Russian service.

Combat History and Global Service

The T-72 has seen combat service in the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War.

Answer: True

The T-72 has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War.

Related Concepts:

  • Which major conflicts has the T-72 participated in?: The T-72 has seen extensive service in numerous conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War, the 1982 Lebanon War, the Gulf War, the Chechen Wars, the Russo-Georgian War, the Syrian Civil War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War, among many others.

The Yugoslav M-84 is a completely unrelated tank design and shares no common heritage with the T-72.

Answer: False

The Yugoslav M-84 is a derivative of the T-72, sharing significant common heritage and design elements.

Related Concepts:

  • What are some notable foreign derivatives or licensed versions of the T-72?: Notable foreign derivatives and licensed versions include the Polish PT-91 Twardy, the Yugoslav M-84 (and its Serbian M-84AS1 and Croatian M-84D variants), the Iraqi 'Lion of Babylon', and the Czech T-72M4CZ. Many countries also offer their own modernization packages for the T-72.

During the Gulf War, Iraqi T-72 tanks generally performed effectively against coalition forces.

Answer: False

During the Gulf War, Iraqi T-72 tanks, particularly export variants, generally performed poorly against coalition forces due to technological disadvantages and superior Western armor.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the T-72 perform during the Gulf War?: During the Gulf War, Iraqi T-72 tanks, particularly the export variants like the T-72M and T-72M1, generally performed poorly against coalition forces. Many were destroyed by superior Western tanks like the M1 Abrams and M60A1, and their older ammunition types were less effective against coalition armor.

In the Chechen Wars, Russian T-72 tanks experienced minimal losses due to effective tactical deployment.

Answer: False

In the Chechen Wars, Russian T-72 tanks suffered considerable losses, often attributed to tactical deployment failures and effective ambushes by opposing forces.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the T-72's combat experiences in the Chechen Wars?: In the Chechen Wars, Russian T-72 tanks saw significant use but also suffered considerable losses, often due to tactical deployment failures and effective anti-armor ambushes by Chechen fighters targeting the tanks' weaker side and top armor. Lessons learned led to revised tactics and improved vehicle protection.

During the 1982 Lebanon War, Syrian T-72 tanks were praised by President Hafez al-Assad.

Answer: True

Following their performance in the 1982 Lebanon War, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad reportedly praised the T-72 tanks.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the T-72's role in the 1982 Lebanon War?: During the 1982 Lebanon War, Syrian T-72 tanks engaged Israeli armor, notably in the Battle of Sultan Yacoub, where they reportedly held their ground and destroyed several Israeli tanks. Syrian President Hafez al-Assad later praised the T-72 as 'the best tank in the world'.

The T-72 was widely exported and serves in numerous countries.

Answer: True

The T-72 has been widely exported and remains in service with numerous countries worldwide.

Related Concepts:

  • Which major conflicts has the T-72 participated in?: The T-72 has seen extensive service in numerous conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War, the 1982 Lebanon War, the Gulf War, the Chechen Wars, the Russo-Georgian War, the Syrian Civil War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War, among many others.
  • What is the T-72 main battle tank?: The T-72 is a family of Soviet main battle tanks that began production in 1973. It was developed as a more affordable and simpler alternative to the T-64, incorporating some of its design elements. Approximately 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built, and it has been widely exported, serving in numerous countries and conflicts.

How did the T-72 generally perform during the Gulf War against coalition forces?

Answer: It performed poorly, with many units destroyed by superior Western tanks.

During the Gulf War, Iraqi T-72 tanks, particularly export variants, generally performed poorly against coalition forces due to technological disadvantages and superior Western armor.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the T-72 perform during the Gulf War?: During the Gulf War, Iraqi T-72 tanks, particularly the export variants like the T-72M and T-72M1, generally performed poorly against coalition forces. Many were destroyed by superior Western tanks like the M1 Abrams and M60A1, and their older ammunition types were less effective against coalition armor.
  • Which major conflicts has the T-72 participated in?: The T-72 has seen extensive service in numerous conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War, the 1982 Lebanon War, the Gulf War, the Chechen Wars, the Russo-Georgian War, the Syrian Civil War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War, among many others.

Which of the following is a notable foreign derivative or licensed version of the T-72?

Answer: PT-91 Twardy

The PT-91 Twardy, developed in Poland, is a notable derivative of the T-72 main battle tank.

Related Concepts:

  • What are some notable foreign derivatives or licensed versions of the T-72?: Notable foreign derivatives and licensed versions include the Polish PT-91 Twardy, the Yugoslav M-84 (and its Serbian M-84AS1 and Croatian M-84D variants), the Iraqi 'Lion of Babylon', and the Czech T-72M4CZ. Many countries also offer their own modernization packages for the T-72.

What was the reported sentiment regarding the T-72's performance in the 1982 Lebanon War, according to Syrian President Hafez al-Assad?

Answer: He praised it as 'the best tank in the world'.

Following the T-72's performance in the 1982 Lebanon War, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad reportedly praised the tank, calling it 'the best tank in the world'.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the T-72's role in the 1982 Lebanon War?: During the 1982 Lebanon War, Syrian T-72 tanks engaged Israeli armor, notably in the Battle of Sultan Yacoub, where they reportedly held their ground and destroyed several Israeli tanks. Syrian President Hafez al-Assad later praised the T-72 as 'the best tank in the world'.

Which of the following conflicts saw the T-72 used extensively by the Syrian Arab Army?

Answer: Syrian Civil War

The T-72 has been extensively employed by the Syrian Arab Army throughout the course of the Syrian Civil War.

Related Concepts:

  • What role did the T-72 play in the Syrian Civil War?: The T-72 has been extensively used by the Syrian Arab Army throughout the Syrian Civil War. Captured T-72s have also been operated by rebel and jihadist groups, facing modern anti-tank guided missiles and other advanced weaponry.
  • Which major conflicts has the T-72 participated in?: The T-72 has seen extensive service in numerous conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War, the 1982 Lebanon War, the Gulf War, the Chechen Wars, the Russo-Georgian War, the Syrian Civil War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War, among many others.

Related Vehicles and Derivatives

The T-72 hull is not used as a basis for any other military vehicles.

Answer: False

The T-72 hull serves as the foundation for numerous other military vehicles, such as the BMPT Terminator and the TOS-1 multiple rocket launcher.

Related Concepts:

  • What are some of the other military vehicles based on the T-72 hull?: The T-72 hull serves as the basis for several other heavy vehicles, including the BMPT Terminator (armored fighting vehicle), TOS-1 (multiple rocket launcher), BREM-1 (armored recovery vehicle), IMR-2 (combat engineering vehicle), MTU-72 (armored bridge layer), and BMR-3 Vepr (mine clearing vehicle).

The T-72 hull serves as the basis for which of the following specialized military vehicles?

Answer: TOS-1 Multiple Rocket Launcher

The T-72 hull serves as the basis for several specialized vehicles, including the TOS-1 multiple rocket launcher system.

Related Concepts:

  • What are some of the other military vehicles based on the T-72 hull?: The T-72 hull serves as the basis for several other heavy vehicles, including the BMPT Terminator (armored fighting vehicle), TOS-1 (multiple rocket launcher), BREM-1 (armored recovery vehicle), IMR-2 (combat engineering vehicle), MTU-72 (armored bridge layer), and BMR-3 Vepr (mine clearing vehicle).

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