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The Targowica Confederation was established in 1791 by Polish nobles who opposed Russian influence.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The Targowica Confederation was established on April 27, 1792, not in 1791. Its primary opposition was directed against the Constitution of 3 May 1791, rather than Russian influence itself, and it was formed with Russian support.
Vasili Stepanovich Popov, a Russian general, drafted the founding act of the Targowica Confederation.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The founding act of the Targowica Confederation was drafted by Vasili Stepanovich Popov, a Russian general.
The purpose of the Targowica Confederation was proclaimed in Warsaw.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The purpose of the Targowica Confederation was proclaimed in the town of Targowica and at the Potocki estate, not in Warsaw.
The Hetman Party is mentioned as unrelated to the Targowica Confederation.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The Hetman Party is mentioned in the 'See also' section, indicating a relationship or relevance to the Targowica Confederation, not that it is unrelated.
General Vasili Stepanovich Popov authored the Targowica Confederation's founding text.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The Russian general Vasili Stepanovich Popov is identified as the author of the founding text of the Targowica Confederation.
When was the Targowica Confederation established, and where was its founding act drafted?
Answer: Established on April 27, 1792, in Saint Petersburg; drafted by Vasili Stepanovich Popov.
The Targowica Confederation was established on April 27, 1792, in Saint Petersburg. Its founding act was drafted by the Russian general Vasili Stepanovich Popov.
Who was responsible for drafting the founding text of the Targowica Confederation?
Answer: Vasili Stepanovich Popov
The founding text of the Targowica Confederation was drafted by Vasili Stepanovich Popov, a Russian general.
In which town and estate was the purpose of the Targowica Confederation proclaimed?
Answer: Targowica and the Potocki estate
The purpose of the Targowica Confederation was proclaimed in the town of Targowica and at the Potocki estate.
Which historical group is mentioned in the 'See also' section as being related to the Targowica Confederation?
Answer: The Hetman Party
The 'See also' section mentions the Hetman Party as a historical group related to the Targowica Confederation.
The Constitution of 3 May 1791 was supported by the Targowica Confederation.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The Targowica Confederation was explicitly formed in opposition to the Constitution of 3 May 1791, viewing it as a threat to the traditional privileges of the Polish nobility.
The Targowica Confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May 1791 primarily because it strengthened the power of the nobility.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The Confederation's primary objection to the Constitution of 3 May 1791 stemmed from its perceived *limitation* of the nobility's traditional privileges and power, not its strengthening.
The Great Sejm adopted the Constitution of 3 May 1791, which the Confederation opposed.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The Great Sejm enacted the Constitution of 3 May 1791, a reformist document that was vehemently opposed by the conservative factions forming the Targowica Confederation.
The Targowica Confederation specifically opposed the clauses in the May 3rd Constitution that strengthened the monarchy.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The Targowica Confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May 1791 primarily because it limited the privileges of the nobility, not because it strengthened the monarchy.
The goal of restoring the status quo ante bellum was shared by only a few minor figures in the Confederation.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The restoration of the status quo ante bellum (the state of affairs before the May 3rd Constitution) was a primary objective for many members of the Targowica Confederation.
What was the primary political document that the Targowica Confederation was formed to oppose?
Answer: The Constitution of 3 May 1791
The Targowica Confederation was formed specifically to oppose and annul the Constitution of 3 May 1791, which they viewed as a threat to the established order and the privileges of the nobility.
The Targowica Confederation's opposition to the Constitution of 3 May 1791 was primarily focused on:
Answer: Its limitations on the privileges of the nobility.
The Confederation's opposition was primarily directed at the Constitution of 3 May 1791 because it curtailed the extensive privileges historically enjoyed by the Polish nobility.
The Polish-Russian War of 1792 was a direct consequence of the Targowica Confederation's actions.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The Confederation's appeal to Russia for intervention against the Constitution of 3 May 1791 directly precipitated the Polish-Russian War of 1792.
The Targowica Confederation's purpose was proclaimed on May 14, 1792, followed by a Russian invasion four days later.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The Confederation's purpose was proclaimed on May 14, 1792, and four days later, two Russian armies invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without a formal declaration of war.
The Targowica Confederation defeated the Russian armies in the 1792 war.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The Targowica Confederation's forces defeated the troops loyal to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including those of the Sejm and King Stanisław August Poniatowski, not the Russian armies.
Russia invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth two days after the Confederation's purpose was proclaimed.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The Russian invasion occurred four days after the proclamation of the Confederation's purpose, not two days.
Which war was initiated as a direct consequence of the Targowica Confederation's opposition to the May 3rd Constitution?
Answer: The Polish-Russian War of 1792
The Polish-Russian War of 1792 was initiated as a direct result of the Targowica Confederation's appeal to Russia for intervention against the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
What significant military action occurred just four days after the proclamation of the Targowica Confederation's purpose?
Answer: Two Russian armies invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without a formal declaration of war.
Four days after the proclamation of the Confederation's purpose, two Russian armies invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without a formal declaration of war, initiating the conflict.
Which entity's forces were defeated by the Targowica Confederation in the 1792 war?
Answer: Troops loyal to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Sejm and King Poniatowski)
In the Polish-Russian War of 1792, the forces of the Targowica Confederation were victorious against the troops loyal to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including those of the Sejm and King Stanisław August Poniatowski.
The Targowica Confederation's victory in the 1792 war led to the First Partition of Poland.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The victory of the Targowica Confederation in the 1792 war led directly to the Second Partition of Poland, not the First. The First Partition occurred in 1772.
Confederates were surprised that overthrowing the May 3rd Constitution led to the partition of Poland.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Many members of the Confederation were surprised by the outcome, as they had primarily aimed to restore the previous political order (status quo ante bellum) and did not anticipate that their actions would result in the Commonwealth's partition.
The Confederation's actions directly led to the Second and Third Partitions of Poland.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The actions of the Targowica Confederation and the subsequent Polish-Russian War of 1792 were direct precursors to the Second Partition of Poland and set the stage for the Third Partition, leading to the Commonwealth's demise.
The final dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a direct consequence of the Targowica Confederation's actions.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The actions of the Targowica Confederation, leading to the Polish-Russian War of 1792 and subsequent partitions, were instrumental in the final dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795.
The Targowica Confederation's actions ultimately led to the complete independence of Poland.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The actions of the Targowica Confederation led directly to the partitions of Poland and the ultimate dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, not its independence.
What were the major political outcomes of the Polish-Russian War of 1792, fought by the Confederation?
Answer: The Second Partition of Poland and the eventual Third Partition, leading to the Commonwealth's dissolution.
The war initiated by the Confederation's actions directly resulted in the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 and paved the way for the Third Partition in 1795, ultimately leading to the complete dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Many members of the Targowica Confederation were surprised by the outcome of their victory because:
Answer: They had aimed to restore the status quo ante bellum and did not anticipate the Commonwealth's partition.
Many Confederates were surprised by the outcome because their primary objective was to restore the state of affairs prior to the May 3rd Constitution (status quo ante bellum), not to precipitate the partition and dissolution of the Commonwealth.
What was the immediate consequence of the Targowica Confederation's actions and the subsequent Polish-Russian War of 1792?
Answer: The Second Partition of Poland.
The immediate consequence of the Targowica Confederation's actions and the ensuing Polish-Russian War of 1792 was the Second Partition of Poland in 1793.
King Stanisław August Poniatowski formally joined the Targowica Confederation after the Commonwealth forces were defeated in the 1792 war.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Following the defeat of the Commonwealth's troops in the 1792 war, King Stanisław August Poniatowski formally joined the Targowica Confederation.
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki was the designated Marshal (head) of the Targowica Confederation.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki served as the Marshal, or principal leader, of the Targowica Confederation.
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki was captured and executed in 1794 for his role in the Confederation.
Answer: False
This statement is False. Although sentenced to death, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki evaded capture. His portrait was hanged in effigy, and he later received honors from Catherine the Great.
Józef Ankwicz and Piotr Ożarowski were leaders of the Targowica Confederation who were convicted of treason.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Józef Ankwicz and Piotr Ożarowski were among the leaders of the Targowica Confederation who were convicted of treason and sentenced to hanging during the Kościuszko Uprising.
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki was executed during the Kościuszko Uprising.
Answer: False
This statement is False. Franciszek Ksawery Branicki was sentenced to death during the Kościuszko Uprising but successfully evaded capture and later emigrated to Russia.
Szymon Marcin Kossakowski was executed in Warsaw in 1794.
Answer: False
This statement is False. Szymon Marcin Kossakowski was executed by hanging in Vilnius on April 25, 1794, during the Kościuszko Uprising.
Bishops Józef Kazimierz Kossakowski and Ignacy Jakub Massalski were leaders of the Confederation and were both hanged in Warsaw.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Bishops Józef Kazimierz Kossakowski and Ignacy Jakub Massalski, both leaders of the Confederation, were hanged in Warsaw on May 9, 1794, and June 28, 1794, respectively, during the Kościuszko Uprising.
Seweryn Rzewuski was executed in effigy after being sentenced to death.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Seweryn Rzewuski was sentenced in absentia to death and executed in effigy on September 29, 1794.
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki believed Prussia was Poland's only hope for salvation.
Answer: False
This statement is False. Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki believed that Russian intervention, not Prussian, was the only means to save the Polish Fatherland from enslavement.
After the Commonwealth's fall, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki declared his permanent allegiance to Russia.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Following the dissolution of the Commonwealth, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki declared his permanent allegiance to Russia.
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki received the Russian Order of Alexander Nevsky in 1795.
Answer: True
This statement is True. In 1795, Catherine the Great awarded Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki the Russian Order of Alexander Nevsky and the rank of Général en chef.
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki viewed Russian intervention as necessary to prevent Poland's enslavement.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki believed that Russian intervention was essential for saving the Polish Fatherland and preventing its enslavement.
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki declared himself a permanent Russian subject after the Commonwealth's fall.
Answer: True
This statement is True. After the fall of the Commonwealth, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki declared his permanent allegiance to Russia, stating the country and its name were gone.
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki was awarded the rank of General in Chief by Catherine the Great.
Answer: True
This statement is True. In 1795, Catherine the Great awarded Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki the rank of Général en chef (General in Chief) along with the Russian Order of Alexander Nevsky.
Seweryn Rzewuski was sentenced to death and executed by hanging.
Answer: False
This statement is False. Seweryn Rzewuski was sentenced to death in absentia and executed in effigy, not by hanging.
What action did King Stanisław August Poniatowski take after the Commonwealth forces were defeated in the 1792 war?
Answer: He formally joined the Targowica Confederation.
Following the defeat of the Commonwealth's military forces in the 1792 war, King Stanisław August Poniatowski formally joined the Targowica Confederation.
Who served as the Marshal, or head, of the Targowica Confederation?
Answer: Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki served as the Marshal, or principal leader, of the Targowica Confederation.
What was the fate of Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki after being sentenced to death?
Answer: He evaded capture, was hanged in effigy, and later received honors from Catherine the Great.
Although sentenced to death, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki evaded capture. His portrait was hanged in effigy in 1794, and in 1795, Catherine the Great awarded him the Russian Order of Alexander Nevsky and the rank of Général en chef.
Which of the following leaders of the Targowica Confederation was convicted of treason and sentenced to hanging?
Answer: Józef Ankwicz
Józef Ankwicz, along with Piotr Ożarowski and Józef Zabiełło, was convicted of treason and sentenced to hanging during the Kościuszko Uprising for his role in the Targowica Confederation.
What happened to Franciszek Ksawery Branicki after being sentenced to death during the Kościuszko Uprising?
Answer: He successfully evaded capture and emigrated to Russia.
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki was sentenced to death during the Kościuszko Uprising but managed to evade capture and subsequently emigrated to Russia, where he died.
Where and when was Szymon Marcin Kossakowski executed?
Answer: Vilnius, April 25, 1794
Szymon Marcin Kossakowski was executed by hanging in Vilnius on April 25, 1794, during the Kościuszko Uprising.
Which two bishops were leaders of the Targowica Confederation and met a similar fate during the Kościuszko Uprising?
Answer: Józef Kazimierz Kossakowski and Ignacy Jakub Massalski
Bishops Józef Kazimierz Kossakowski and Ignacy Jakub Massalski were prominent leaders of the Targowica Confederation. Both were hanged in Warsaw during the Kościuszko Uprising.
What was Seweryn Rzewuski's sentence and how was it carried out?
Answer: Sentenced to death in absentia and executed in effigy.
Seweryn Rzewuski was sentenced in absentia to death and the confiscation of his estates by the Supreme Criminal Court. He was subsequently executed in effigy on September 29, 1794.
What did Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki believe was the only means to save the Polish Fatherland?
Answer: Russian intervention
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki believed that Russian intervention was the sole means necessary to save the Polish Fatherland, warning that its absence would lead to national enslavement.
After the fall of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, what declaration did Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki make regarding his allegiance?
Answer: He declared his permanent allegiance to Russia.
Following the destruction of the Commonwealth, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki declared his permanent allegiance to Russia, stating that Poland and its name were gone.
What specific rank and honor did Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki receive from Catherine the Great in 1795?
Answer: Russian Order of Alexander Nevsky and Général en chef
In 1795, Catherine the Great bestowed upon Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki the Russian Order of Alexander Nevsky and the military rank of Général en chef (General in Chief).
Vasili Stepanovich Popov held the position of Chief of Staff to Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin.
Answer: True
This statement is True. Vasili Stepanovich Popov served as the Chief of Staff for Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin.
The Establishing Act claimed Catherine the Great intended to restore freedoms and ensure citizen happiness in Poland.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The Establishing Act of the Targowica Confederation stated that Catherine the Great's intention was to restore freedoms and ensure the security and happiness of Polish citizens.
The Establishing Act claimed Catherine the Great's goal was to annex Poland directly.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The Establishing Act claimed Catherine the Great's goal was to restore freedoms and ensure the security and happiness of Polish citizens, not direct annexation.
What position did Vasili Stepanovich Popov hold in relation to Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin?
Answer: Chief of Staff
Vasili Stepanovich Popov served as the Chief of Staff for Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin.
According to the Establishing Act, what was Catherine the Great's stated intention regarding the Rzeczpospolita?
Answer: To restore freedoms and ensure the security and happiness of citizens.
The Establishing Act of the Targowica Confederation claimed that Empress Catherine the Great's intention was to utilize her armies to restore freedoms to the Rzeczpospolita and its citizens, ensuring their security and happiness.
In modern Polish, the term 'targowiczanin' signifies a national hero.
Answer: False
This statement is False. In modern Polish, the term 'targowiczanin' has evolved to become a synonym for a traitor, reflecting the historical actions of the Confederation.
The place name Targowica is now associated with patriotism in Poland.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The place name Targowica, much like the term 'targowiczanin,' carries a strong negative connotation in modern Polish, being synonymous with treason and betrayal.
The image caption describes a painting showing the successful defense of Warsaw by the Confederation.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The image caption describes a painting by Jan Piotr Norblin depicting the hanging in effigy of the Targowica Confederation leaders in Warsaw in 1794, not a successful defense.
The painting by Jan Piotr Norblin illustrates the execution of Confederation leaders by Polish forces.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The painting by Jan Piotr Norblin depicts the hanging in effigy of the Targowica Confederation leaders in Warsaw in 1794, following the Kościuszko Uprising, not their execution by Polish forces.
In modern Polish, the term 'Targowica' is used to denote loyalty and patriotism.
Answer: False
This statement is False. In modern Polish, the term 'Targowica' has become synonymous with treason and collaboration with foreign powers, carrying a deeply negative connotation.
The illustration by Jan Piotr Norblin depicts the Targowica Confederation celebrating their victory.
Answer: False
This statement is False. The illustration by Jan Piotr Norblin depicts the hanging in effigy of the Targowica Confederation leaders in Warsaw in 1794, a symbol of public condemnation, not celebration.
The painting by Jan Piotr Norblin depicts the hanging in effigy of Confederation leaders after the Warsaw Uprising.
Answer: True
This statement is True. The painting by Jan Piotr Norblin illustrates the hanging in effigy of the Targowica Confederation leaders in Warsaw in 1794, an event that occurred in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising.
The term 'Targowica' in modern Polish signifies collaboration with foreign powers.
Answer: True
This statement is True. In contemporary Polish usage, 'Targowica' is a term synonymous with treason and collaboration with foreign powers, reflecting the historical actions of the Confederation.
How is the term 'targowiczanin' used in modern Polish?
Answer: As a synonym for a traitor
In contemporary Polish language, the term 'targowiczanin' is used as a derogatory label synonymous with a traitor, reflecting the historical actions of the Confederation.
What negative connotation does the place name 'Targowica' carry in modern Polish usage?
Answer: It has become synonymous with treason.
The place name 'Targowica' has acquired a negative connotation in modern Polish usage, becoming synonymous with treason and betrayal due to the historical actions of the Confederation.
What significant event does the painting by Jan Piotr Norblin, mentioned in the source, depict?
Answer: The hanging in effigy of the Targowica Confederation leaders in Warsaw.
The painting by Jan Piotr Norblin depicts the hanging in effigy of the Targowica Confederation leaders in Warsaw in 1794, an event that occurred in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising.
What does the term 'Targowica' signify in the context of Polish history and language?
Answer: A term synonymous with treason.
In the context of Polish history and language, 'Targowica' has become a term synonymous with treason, betrayal, and collaboration with foreign powers.