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Total Categories: 5
Theism is exclusively defined as the belief in the existence of multiple deities.
Answer: False
Theism is fundamentally defined as the belief in the existence of at least one deity, not exclusively multiple deities.
When contrasted with deism, theism is often understood to encompass beliefs in God or gods that do not necessarily reject divine revelation.
Answer: True
While deism typically posits a creator God who does not intervene post-creation and relies on reason, theism often includes belief systems that accept divine revelation.
Atheism is considered a subset of non-theism.
Answer: True
Non-theism is a broader category that includes atheism (the disbelief or lack of belief in gods) and other positions that do not affirm the existence of deities.
Agnostic theism involves the belief in deities while asserting their existence is definitively provable.
Answer: False
Agnostic theism combines belief in deities with the position that their existence is unknowable or unprovable.
The word 'theism' is derived from the Latin word 'theos', meaning 'creator'.
Answer: False
The term 'theism' originates from the Greek words 'theos' or 'theoi,' meaning 'god' or 'gods,' not from a Latin word for 'creator'.
Atheism is defined as the belief that it is unknown whether gods exist.
Answer: False
Atheism is typically defined as the belief in the non-existence of gods. The position that it is unknown whether gods exist is known as agnosticism.
Non-theism is a narrower category than atheism.
Answer: False
Non-theism is a broader category that encompasses atheism, as well as other stances that do not affirm the existence of deities.
Agnosticism involves withholding judgment on the existence of deities due to insufficient evidence.
Answer: True
Agnosticism is characterized by the position that the existence or non-existence of deities is unknown or unknowable, leading to a suspension of definitive belief.
The core characteristic of theism is the belief in the existence of at least one deity.
Answer: True
The fundamental definition of theism centers on the affirmation of the existence of one or more deities.
Atheism is the rejection of theism.
Answer: True
Atheism is fundamentally characterized by the rejection of theism, meaning it involves a lack of belief or disbelief in gods.
Which of the following best defines theism?
Answer: The belief in the existence of at least one deity.
Theism is fundamentally defined as the belief in the existence of one or more deities.
How does theism typically differ from deism in relation to divine action?
Answer: Theism generally allows for divine intervention, whereas deism posits a creator who does not intervene after creation.
A key distinction lies in divine action: theism often accommodates the concept of God's intervention in the world, while deism posits a creator who does not interfere post-creation.
What is the etymological root of the term 'theism'?
Answer: Greek 'theos' or 'theoi' meaning 'god' or 'gods'
The term 'theism' derives from the Greek terms 'theos' or 'theoi,' signifying 'god' or 'gods,' thereby indicating its fundamental connection to the belief in divine entities.
How is atheism generally defined in the provided text?
Answer: The belief in the non-existence of gods.
Atheism is generally defined as the lack of belief or the explicit disbelief in the existence of gods.
Which statement accurately describes non-theism?
Answer: It is a broader category than atheism, encompassing non-belief in gods.
Non-theism is a broad classification that includes atheism and other positions characterized by a lack of belief in deities.
Agnosticism is characterized by:
Answer: Withholding judgment on God's existence due to lack of knowledge.
Agnosticism is defined by the position that the existence or non-existence of God is unknown or unknowable, leading to a suspension of definitive belief.
Monotheism is the belief that multiple deities exist, but only one is worshipped.
Answer: False
Monotheism is the belief that only one deity exists. The belief in multiple deities where only one is worshipped is known as henotheism or monolatrism.
Polytheism involves the belief in a single, supreme deity.
Answer: False
Polytheism is characterized by the belief in multiple deities, not a single supreme deity, which is the domain of monotheism.
Ancient Greek and Roman religions are examples of polytheistic systems.
Answer: True
Classical antiquity, encompassing ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, is widely recognized for its polytheistic religious structures.
Shinto and Taoism are contemporary religions that practice polytheism.
Answer: True
Contemporary religious traditions such as Shinto and Taoism are often cited as examples of polytheistic practice.
Hinduism is strictly classified as a polytheistic religion in all its traditions.
Answer: False
Hinduism exhibits diverse theological perspectives, encompassing monotheistic, pantheistic, and polytheistic interpretations, making a strict polytheistic classification inaccurate for all its traditions.
'Hard' polytheism believes that different gods are distinct, separate beings.
Answer: True
'Hard' polytheism posits that deities are distinct, individual divine entities, contrasting with 'soft' polytheism's view of gods as archetypes or personifications.
Henotheism is the belief that only one deity exists.
Answer: False
Henotheism is the belief that multiple deities may exist, but only one is designated for worship, often considered supreme at a given time or place.
Kathenotheism involves worshipping multiple deities simultaneously.
Answer: False
Kathenotheism is the worship of multiple deities sequentially, where each deity is considered supreme in turn, rather than simultaneously.
Monolatrism asserts that only one god exists and is worthy of worship.
Answer: False
Monolatrism is the belief that while multiple deities may exist, only one is considered worthy of worship. Monotheism asserts the existence of only one deity.
Polydeism is the belief in multiple gods who actively intervene in the universe.
Answer: False
Polydeism is defined as the belief in multiple gods who do not intervene in the universe, distinguishing it from polytheistic systems where intervention is common.
'Soft' polytheism views gods as distinct, separate, real divine beings.
Answer: False
'Soft' polytheism often interprets gods as psychological archetypes or personifications of natural forces, whereas 'hard' polytheism views them as distinct, separate divine beings.
Omnitheism suggests that all gods worshipped in different cultures might be the same deity.
Answer: True
Omnitheism proposes that the various deities worshipped across different cultures may represent different manifestations or aspects of a single, ultimate divine reality.
Kathenotheism is a form of polytheism where one deity is supreme at any given time.
Answer: True
Kathenotheism describes a polytheistic system where different deities are worshipped as supreme in turn, rather than simultaneously.
Monotheism is fundamentally defined as:
Answer: The belief that only one deity exists.
Monotheism is the theological doctrine asserting the existence of only a single deity.
Which of these religions is NOT typically cited as a modern example of monotheism in the provided text?
Answer: Ancient Greek Religion
Ancient Greek religion is historically recognized as a polytheistic system, whereas Islam, Judaism, and Sikhism are cited as modern examples of monotheism.
Polytheism is characterized by:
Answer: Belief in multiple deities, often organized into a pantheon.
Polytheism is fundamentally defined by the belief in and worship of multiple deities, frequently structured within a pantheon.
Which historical period is noted for practicing polytheism, according to the text?
Answer: Classical antiquity (Greek and Roman religions)
Classical antiquity, encompassing the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome, is prominently cited as a historical period characterized by polytheistic religious practices.
How does the text describe the classification of Hinduism regarding polytheism?
Answer: Not exclusively categorizable as polytheistic, allowing multiple interpretations
Hinduism is described as not being strictly classifiable as polytheistic, as its traditions encompass monotheistic, pantheistic, and polytheistic elements, allowing for diverse interpretations.
What distinguishes 'hard' polytheism from 'soft' polytheism?
Answer: Hard polytheism believes gods are distinct, separate beings; soft polytheism views them as archetypes or personifications.
'Hard' polytheism asserts that deities are distinct, individual divine beings, whereas 'soft' polytheism often interprets them as archetypes, personifications, or different aspects of a single divine reality.
The belief that multiple deities may exist, but only one is designated for worship, is called:
Answer: Henotheism
Henotheism is the theological concept describing the worship of a single deity while acknowledging the potential existence of others.
What is kathenotheism?
Answer: The belief that multiple deities exist, but only one is worshipped at a time.
Kathenotheism is a form of polytheism where different deities are worshipped as supreme sequentially, rather than simultaneously.
Monolatrism is the belief that:
Answer: Multiple gods exist, but only one is worthy of worship.
Monolatrism posits the existence of multiple deities but restricts worship to only one, often considered the supreme or national deity.
Polydeism differs from classical deism in that polydeism involves:
Answer: Belief in multiple gods who do not intervene.
Polydeism is distinguished from deism by its assertion of multiple deities who, like the deistic God, do not intervene in the universe.
Pantheism posits that divinity is identical to the universe and reality itself.
Answer: True
Pantheism fundamentally asserts that divinity is synonymous with the universe and all of reality, viewing the cosmos as an immanent God.
Baruch Spinoza coined the term 'pantheism'.
Answer: False
The term 'pantheism' was coined by Joseph Raphson; Baruch Spinoza is credited with popularizing the concept in Western philosophy.
Classical deism believes God created the world but actively intervenes through miracles.
Answer: False
Classical deism posits a creator God who does not intervene in the universe after its initial creation, contrasting with theistic views that often include divine intervention.
Deism generally accepts religious beliefs based on human reason and natural observation.
Answer: True
A core tenet of deism is the reliance on reason and empirical observation of the natural world as the basis for religious understanding, often rejecting supernatural revelation.
Pandeism suggests God created the universe and is now separate from it.
Answer: False
Pandeism posits that God created the universe and subsequently became identical with it, rather than remaining separate.
In pantheism, divinity is seen as a separate, transcendent being distinct from the universe.
Answer: False
Pantheism posits that divinity is immanent within and identical to the universe, not a separate, transcendent entity.
Deism accepts the possibility of divine intervention and miracles.
Answer: False
Deism typically rejects the possibility of divine intervention and miracles, emphasizing reason and natural law as the primary means of understanding the divine.
Deism asserts that religious beliefs should be based on human reason and natural observation.
Answer: True
A foundational principle of deism is the reliance on human reason and empirical observation of the natural world for religious understanding, often eschewing supernatural revelation.
The belief that God is identical to the universe is known as deism.
Answer: False
The belief that God is identical to the universe is known as pantheism, not deism, which posits a creator God separate from the universe.
Which term describes the belief that reality, the universe, and the cosmos are identical to divinity?
Answer: Pantheism
Pantheism is the philosophical doctrine that identifies divinity with the universe and all of reality, asserting an immanent divine presence.
Classical deism holds that God:
Answer: Created the world but does not alter its original plan or intervene.
Classical deism posits a creator deity who established the universe and its natural laws but does not subsequently intervene in its affairs.
What is the typical stance of deism regarding supernatural events like miracles?
Answer: They are rejected in favor of reason and natural observation.
Deism typically rejects supernatural phenomena such as miracles and divine revelations, prioritizing rational inquiry and the observation of natural laws.
Pandeism is the belief that:
Answer: God is the universe and created it.
Pandeism posits that God created the universe and subsequently became identical with it, thus encompassing all of reality.
Classical theism views God as an Absolute Being and incorporates concepts like divine simplicity.
Answer: True
Classical theism posits God as the Absolute Being, characterized by attributes such as divine simplicity, where God's essence is identical to God's existence and attributes.
Classical theistic insights are primarily found in Abrahamic religions like Judaism and Christianity.
Answer: False
While present in Abrahamic traditions, classical theistic insights are also observed in philosophical traditions like Platonism and within certain schools of Hinduism (e.g., Vaishnavism).
Autotheism is the belief that divinity resides within oneself.
Answer: True
Autotheism is characterized by the belief that divinity is inherent within the individual, or that one can achieve a godlike state.
The phrase 'aham Brahmasmi' ('I am Brahman') reflects an autotheistic concept.
Answer: True
The Advaita Vedanta concept 'aham Brahmasmi' ('I am Brahman') exemplifies autotheism by asserting the identity between the individual self and the ultimate divine reality.
Eutheism is the belief that a deity is entirely evil.
Answer: False
Eutheism is the belief that a deity is wholly benevolent, meaning entirely good. The belief in an entirely evil deity is termed maltheism.
Maltheism describes a belief system where a deity is considered wholly malicious.
Answer: True
Maltheism is the theological position that a deity exists and is entirely malicious or evil.
Misotheism is the belief in the existence of evil gods.
Answer: False
Misotheism refers to active hatred toward God or gods, rather than simply the belief in the existence of evil deities.
Alterity theism posits that the supreme being is radically transcendent and unrecognizable.
Answer: True
Alterity theism describes a conception of a supreme being that is so profoundly transcendent that it remains fundamentally unrecognizable.
Divine simplicity implies God has multiple, distinct attributes.
Answer: False
The doctrine of divine simplicity posits that God's attributes are identical to God's essence, meaning God does not possess multiple, distinct attributes separate from God's being.
Emanationism in classical theism suggests reality originates from God.
Answer: True
Emanationism, a concept within classical theism, describes the process by which reality flows or originates from God as the ultimate source.
Theistic finitism proposes that God is infinitely powerful and knowledgeable.
Answer: False
Theistic finitism is the philosophical stance that God is finite in some aspect, such as power or knowledge, contrary to the traditional view of divine infinitude.
Theopanism describes a belief where God becomes manifest in the world.
Answer: True
Theopanism refers to the belief that divinity becomes manifest or embodied within the world or individuals.
Transtheism refers specifically to the belief in a single, personal God.
Answer: False
Transtheism is a broader concept that transcends traditional theistic or atheistic categories, encompassing spiritual or philosophical outlooks that may not center on a personal God.
Dystheism is the belief that a deity is wholly benevolent.
Answer: False
Dystheism is the belief that a deity is not wholly good and may be evil. Eutheism is the belief in a wholly benevolent deity.
Mormonism's doctrine of exaltation aligns with autotheistic ideas of personal divine progression.
Answer: True
The doctrine of exaltation in Mormonism, which suggests the potential for faithful individuals to attain godhood, reflects autotheistic concepts of personal divine progression.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of classical theism?
Answer: God as the Absolute Being incorporating divine simplicity
Classical theism posits God as the Absolute Being, characterized by attributes such as divine simplicity, where God's essence is unified and identical to God's existence.
Which philosophical tradition is mentioned as exhibiting classical theistic insights alongside religious ones?
Answer: Platonism
Platonism is cited as a philosophical tradition that exhibits classical theistic insights, alongside religious traditions like Sufism, Vaishnavism, and Sikhism.
The concept of 'aham Brahmasmi' ('I am Brahman') is an example of which belief?
Answer: Autotheism
The phrase 'aham Brahmasmi' from Advaita Vedanta exemplifies autotheism, signifying the identity between the individual self (atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman).
Which belief system suggests that faithful individuals can attain godhood in the afterlife?
Answer: Mormonism (doctrine of exaltation)
The doctrine of exaltation within Mormonism posits that devoted individuals may achieve godhood in the afterlife, aligning with autotheistic notions of personal divine progression.
Eutheism is the belief that a deity is:
Answer: Wholly benevolent (entirely good)
Eutheism is defined as the belief that a deity is entirely good or benevolent.
What is dystheism?
Answer: Belief that a deity is not wholly good and may be evil.
Dystheism is the theological position asserting that a deity is not wholly good and may possess malevolent characteristics.
Maltheism is characterized by the belief that:
Answer: A deity exists and is wholly malicious (entirely evil).
Maltheism is the belief that a deity exists and is entirely malicious or evil.
Misotheism refers to:
Answer: Active hatred toward God or gods.
Misotheism is defined as the active hatred or animosity directed towards God, gods, or divine beings.
What does 'alterity theism' propose about the supreme being?
Answer: The supreme being is radically transcendent and unrecognizable.
Alterity theism posits that the supreme divine entity is so profoundly transcendent that it remains fundamentally unrecognizable.
Which concept describes God as the Absolute Being without parts or composition?
Answer: Divine Simplicity
Divine simplicity is a theological doctrine asserting that God is the Absolute Being, without parts or composition, meaning God's essence, existence, and attributes are identical.
The idea that all reality flows or emanates from God is referred to as:
Answer: Emanationism
Emanationism is a concept within classical theism that describes the process by which all reality originates or flows from God.
The philosophical stance that God is finite in some aspect is known as:
Answer: Theistic finitism
Theistic finitism is the philosophical position that God is finite in certain attributes, such as power or knowledge, challenging traditional notions of divine infinitude.
Which term describes the belief that God becomes manifest in the world or in individuals?
Answer: Theopanism
Theopanism is the belief that divinity becomes manifest or embodied within the world or within individuals.
Transtheism is best described as:
Answer: A belief system transcending traditional theistic or atheistic categories.
Transtheism encompasses spiritual or philosophical frameworks that move beyond conventional theistic or atheistic classifications, offering alternative perspectives on divinity and existence.
According to a 2020 Philpapers survey, a majority of professional philosophers identified as theists.
Answer: False
The 2020 Philpapers survey indicated that a significant majority of professional philosophers leaned towards atheism, not theism.
Ralph Cudworth defined theists as those who believed a conscious, eternal mind caused all things.
Answer: True
Ralph Cudworth, an early user of the term, defined theists as adherents to the belief in a conscious, eternal mind as the cause of all existence.
The Philpapers survey showed more philosophers leaning towards theism than atheism in 2020.
Answer: False
The 2020 Philpapers survey indicated that a substantial majority of professional philosophers accepted or leaned towards atheism, with a smaller percentage leaning towards theism.
The term 'theism' was first used by Joseph Raphson.
Answer: False
Ralph Cudworth is credited with first using the term 'theism'. Joseph Raphson coined the term 'pantheism'.
Who is credited with first using the term 'theism' and defining it?
Answer: Ralph Cudworth
Ralph Cudworth is recognized as the first to use the term 'theism,' defining it as the belief in a conscious, eternal mind as the cause of all things.
Who popularized the term 'pantheism' in Western culture through his work 'Ethics'?
Answer: Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza's philosophical work, particularly his 'Ethics,' was instrumental in popularizing the concept of pantheism within Western intellectual discourse.
The Philpapers survey of 2020 indicated that:
Answer: A significant majority of philosophers lean towards atheism.
The 2020 Philpapers survey revealed that a substantial majority of professional philosophers identified with or leaned towards atheism, with a smaller proportion aligning with theism.