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The Three Gorges Dam is situated on the Yellow River in China.
Answer: False
The Three Gorges Dam is located on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, China, not the Yellow River.
The primary purposes of the Three Gorges Dam include flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and improving navigation on the Yangtze River.
Answer: True
The dam serves multiple critical purposes: flood control to protect downstream areas, hydroelectric power generation to fuel economic growth, and improving navigation on the Yangtze River.
The Three Gorges Reservoir holds 39.3 cubic kilometers (km³) of water and covers a surface area of 1,045 square kilometers (km²).
Answer: True
The Three Gorges Reservoir has a total water capacity of 39.3 cubic kilometers (km³) and covers a surface area of 1,045 square kilometers (km²).
The Three Gorges Reservoir has a flood storage capacity of 22 cubic kilometers (km³), which is equivalent to 18 million acre-feet.
Answer: True
The Three Gorges Reservoir has a flood storage capacity of 22 cubic kilometers (km³), which is equivalent to 18 million acre-feet.
The dam is projected to reduce the occurrence of major downstream floods from once every 10 years to once every 50 years.
Answer: False
The dam is projected to reduce the occurrence of major downstream floods from once every 10 years to once every 100 years.
During a significant flood in August 2009, the Three Gorges Dam limited water flow to below 40,000 m³/s and captured 4.27 km³ of floodwater.
Answer: True
During a significant flood in August 2009, the dam effectively managed the event by limiting water flow to below 40,000 m³/s and capturing 4.27 km³ of floodwater.
What is the primary geographical location of the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: Near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China
The Three Gorges Dam is situated near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, in central China.
Which of the following is not identified as a primary purpose of the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: Water purification for downstream cities
The primary purposes of the Three Gorges Dam are flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and improving navigation on the Yangtze River. Water purification is not listed as a primary purpose.
What is the total volume of water held by the Three Gorges Reservoir?
Answer: 39.3 cubic kilometers (km³)
The Three Gorges Reservoir has a total water capacity of 39.3 cubic kilometers (km³) and covers a surface area of 1,045 square kilometers (km²).
What is the designated flood storage capacity of the Three Gorges Reservoir?
Answer: 22 cubic kilometers (km³)
The Three Gorges Reservoir has a flood storage capacity of 22 cubic kilometers (km³), which is equivalent to 18 million acre-feet.
The Three Gorges Dam is projected to reduce the occurrence of major downstream floods from once every 10 years to once every:
Answer: 100 years
The dam is projected to reduce the occurrence of major downstream floods from once every 10 years to once every 100 years.
The main body of the Three Gorges Dam was completed in 2012, and its power plant became fully operational in 2006.
Answer: False
The main body of the dam was completed in 2006, and the power plant achieved full operational status in 2012.
The ship lift, designed to transport vessels over the dam, was the first major component to be completed, finishing in 2006.
Answer: False
The ship lift, designed for transporting vessels over the dam, was the last major component of the Three Gorges Dam project to be completed, finishing in 2015.
The Three Gorges Dam structure is 2,335 meters long and 185 meters high, utilizing approximately 463,000 tonnes of steel.
Answer: True
The dam's structure is 2,335 meters long and 185 meters high above sea level at its crest, constructed using 463,000 tonnes of steel.
Approximately 80 hairline cracks were observed within the dam's structure immediately after the reservoir was first filled.
Answer: True
Immediately following the initial filling of the reservoir, approximately 80 hairline cracks were observed within the dam's structure.
In what year did the power plant of the Three Gorges Dam achieve full operational status?
Answer: 2012
The power plant of the Three Gorges Dam achieved full operational status in 2012, with the activation of its last main water turbine.
What was the final major component of the Three Gorges Dam project to be completed?
Answer: The ship lift
The ship lift, designed for transporting vessels over the dam, was the last major component of the Three Gorges Dam project to be completed, finishing in 2015.
What is the approximate length of the Three Gorges Dam's concrete and steel structure?
Answer: 2,335 meters
The Three Gorges Dam's concrete and steel structure measures approximately 2,335 meters in length and stands 185 meters high.
What observation was made regarding the dam's structure immediately after the reservoir was initially filled?
Answer: Approximately 80 hairline cracks were observed.
Immediately following the initial filling of the reservoir, approximately 80 hairline cracks were observed within the dam's structure.
The Three Gorges Dam is recognized as the world's largest power station based on its installed capacity, which totals 22,500 megawatts (MW).
Answer: True
The Three Gorges Dam holds the distinction of being the world's largest power station by installed capacity, totaling 22,500 megawatts (MW).
The average annual electricity generation of the Three Gorges Dam is approximately 50 TWh, a figure influenced by precipitation levels.
Answer: False
The average annual electricity generation is approximately 95 TWh, with variations influenced by precipitation levels, not 50 TWh.
In 2020, the Three Gorges Dam generated over 103 TWh of electricity, breaking a record previously held by the Itaipu Dam.
Answer: True
In 2020, the Three Gorges Dam generated nearly 112 TWh of electricity, surpassing the previous world record of approximately 103 TWh held by the Itaipu Dam.
Power generation for the Three Gorges Dam is managed by China Yangtze Power, a subsidiary of the China Three Gorges Corporation (CTGC).
Answer: True
Power generation for the Three Gorges Dam is managed by China Yangtze Power, which operates as a subsidiary of the China Three Gorges Corporation (CTGC).
The Three Gorges Dam is equipped with 32 main generators, each with a capacity of 700 MW, and two auxiliary plant power generators of 50 MW each.
Answer: True
The Three Gorges Dam is equipped with 32 main generators, each with a capacity of 700 MW, in addition to two auxiliary plant power generators of 50 MW each.
The total installed electric generating capacity of the Three Gorges Dam, including auxiliary generators, is 22,000 MW.
Answer: False
The total installed electric generating capacity of the Three Gorges Dam is 22,500 MW, comprising the 32 main turbines and the two smaller plant power generators.
In 2018, the Three Gorges Dam generated 101.6 TWh of electricity, which is roughly equivalent to the Hoover Dam's annual output.
Answer: False
In 2018, the Three Gorges Dam's generation of 101.6 TWh was approximately 20 times the annual output of the Hoover Dam.
The designed hydraulic head for the generators at the Three Gorges Dam is 113 meters (371 ft).
Answer: False
The designed hydraulic head for the generators at the Three Gorges Dam is 80.6 meters (264 ft), with a maximum possible head of 113 meters (371 ft).
The dam utilizes Francis turbines with a rotation speed of 100 revolutions per minute.
Answer: False
The dam utilizes Francis turbines with a rotation speed of 75 revolutions per minute.
By August 16, 2011, the Three Gorges Dam had cumulatively generated 1,000 TWh of electricity.
Answer: False
By August 16, 2011, the Three Gorges Dam had cumulatively generated 500 TWh of electricity.
In 2020, the Three Gorges Dam's annual electricity production reached approximately 112 TWh, setting a new world record for annual hydropower generation.
Answer: True
In 2020, the Three Gorges Dam generated approximately 112 TWh of electricity, surpassing the previous world record of about 103 TWh held by the Itaipu Dam.
Electricity from the Three Gorges Dam is distributed via 500 kV transmission lines, with AC lines to the Central China Grid having a capacity of 7,200 MW.
Answer: False
The AC lines to the Central China Grid have a total capacity of 12,000 MW, while the DC lines to the East China Grid have a capacity of 7,200 MW.
In 2011, the Three Gorges Dam supported approximately 10% of China's total electricity demand.
Answer: False
In 2011, the Three Gorges Dam supported only about 1.7% of China's total electricity demand.
What is the global ranking of the Three Gorges Dam based on its installed capacity for power generation?
Answer: It is the world's largest power station.
The Three Gorges Dam is recognized as the world's largest power station due to its installed capacity of 22,500 megawatts (MW).
What significant record did the Three Gorges Dam establish in 2020 concerning its electricity generation?
Answer: It generated nearly 112 TWh, breaking the previous world record.
In 2020, the Three Gorges Dam generated approximately 112 TWh of electricity, surpassing the previous world record of about 103 TWh held by the Itaipu Dam.
Which entity is responsible for managing the power generation operations of the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: China Yangtze Power
Power generation for the Three Gorges Dam is managed by China Yangtze Power, which operates as a subsidiary of the China Three Gorges Corporation (CTGC).
How many main generators are installed at the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: 32
The Three Gorges Dam is equipped with 32 main generators, each with a capacity of 700 MW, in addition to two auxiliary plant power generators.
What is the designed hydraulic head for the generators utilized at the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: 80.6 meters (264 ft)
The designed hydraulic head for the generators at the Three Gorges Dam is 80.6 meters (264 ft), with a maximum possible head of 113 meters (371 ft).
What specific type of turbines are utilized for power generation at the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: Francis turbines
The Three Gorges Dam utilizes Francis turbines, which are a type of impulse turbine commonly used in hydroelectric power generation.
In 2018, the Three Gorges Dam generated 101.6 TWh of electricity. How did this output compare to the Hoover Dam's annual generation?
Answer: It was approximately 20 times the Hoover Dam's generation.
In 2018, the Three Gorges Dam's generation of 101.6 TWh was approximately 20 times the annual output of the Hoover Dam.
What is the transmission capacity of the DC lines that carry electricity from the Three Gorges Dam to the East China Grid?
Answer: 7,200 MW
The DC lines transmitting electricity from the Three Gorges Dam to the East China Grid have a capacity of 7,200 MW.
The installation of ship locks is designed to increase the annual river shipping capacity from ten million tonnes to fifty million tonnes.
Answer: False
The installation of ship locks is designed to increase the annual river shipping capacity from the previous ten million tonnes to 100 million tonnes.
A ship lift takes approximately 3 to 4 hours to transit vessels, compared to the 30 to 40 minutes required for canal locks.
Answer: False
The ship lift significantly reduces transit time, taking approximately 30 to 40 minutes, which is considerably faster than the 3 to 4 hours required for the canal locks.
The ship locks at the Three Gorges Dam measure 280 meters in length, 35 meters in width, and 5 meters in depth.
Answer: True
The ship locks at the Three Gorges Dam measure 280 meters in length, 35 meters in width, and 5 meters in depth.
In 2022, the cargo turnover through the ship locks reached 159.65 million tons, showing a decrease in recent years.
Answer: False
In 2022, the cargo turnover through the ship locks reached 159.65 million tons, indicating an annual increase of 6% in recent years.
The ship lift's basin covers a vertical distance of 80.6 meters (264 ft).
Answer: False
The ship lift's basin covers a vertical distance of 113 meters (371 ft).
Portage railways are planned to facilitate the movement of vessels and cargo around the dam structure.
Answer: True
Portage railways are planned to bypass the dam area entirely, facilitating the movement of vessels and cargo around the dam structure.
What is the intended increase in the annual river shipping capacity resulting from the installation of ship locks at the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: From 10 million tonnes to 100 million tonnes
The installation of ship locks is designed to increase the annual river shipping capacity from the previous ten million tonnes to 100 million tonnes.
What is the primary advantage of utilizing the ship lift compared to the canal locks at the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: Reduced transit time
The main advantage of the ship lift over the canal locks is its significantly reduced transit time for vessels, taking approximately 30-40 minutes compared to 3-4 hours for the locks.
What was the total freight tonnage that transited through the ship locks between the years 2004 and 2007?
Answer: 198 million tonnes
A cumulative total of 198 million tonnes of freight passed through the ship locks between 2004 and 2007.
The dam is situated on a seismic fault, which is a unique hazard associated with the project.
Answer: True
The dam's location on a seismic fault is identified as one of the unique hazards associated with the project.
The reduction in silt downstream is expected to make riverbanks less susceptible to flooding.
Answer: False
The reduction in silt downstream is expected to make riverbanks more susceptible to flooding.
Benthic sediment buildup in the Yangtze River is beneficial for the river's aquatic biodiversity.
Answer: False
Benthic sediment buildup in the Yangtze River's ecosystem can lead to biological damage and a reduction in the river's aquatic biodiversity.
Frequent major landslides in the reservoir area are primarily caused by increased industrial pollution.
Answer: False
Frequent major landslides in the reservoir area are primarily attributed to erosion caused by the rising water levels behind the dam.
The forestation rate in the Three Gorges area was 10% in 1997, which was an increase from the 1950s.
Answer: False
The forestation rate in the Three Gorges area in 1997 was 10%, representing a decrease from the 20% recorded in the 1950s.
The Yangtze River basin hosts 361 fish species, with 27% of China's endangered freshwater fish found there.
Answer: True
The Yangtze River basin is a critical habitat, hosting 361 fish species, including 27% of China's endangered freshwater fish.
Chinese Government scholars attribute the extinction of the baiji (Chinese river dolphin) to the impact of the Three Gorges Dam.
Answer: True
The baiji, or Chinese river dolphin, is now considered extinct, with Chinese Government scholars attributing its extinction directly to the environmental impacts of the Three Gorges Dam.
According to NASA scientists in 2005, the redistribution of water mass due to the dam would slightly decrease Earth's day length.
Answer: False
NASA scientists calculated in 2005 that the redistribution of water mass due to the dam would slightly increase Earth's day length by 0.06 microseconds.
Which of the following is identified as a primary environmental concern directly associated with the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: Increased erosion and sedimentation
Primary environmental concerns include increased erosion and sedimentation, negative impacts on wildlife and biodiversity, and potential issues with water pollution due to altered river flow.
What is a potential consequence of the reduction in silt downstream from the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: Shanghai's foundation may weaken, increasing inundation vulnerability.
The reduction in silt downstream is expected to make riverbanks more susceptible to flooding and may weaken Shanghai's foundation, increasing its vulnerability to inundation.
What is identified as the primary cause of frequent major landslides occurring within the Three Gorges reservoir area?
Answer: Erosion resulting from rising water levels behind the dam
Frequent major landslides in the reservoir area are primarily attributed to erosion caused by the rising water levels behind the dam.
What is the reported status of the baiji (Chinese river dolphin) in relation to the impact of the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: It is now extinct, with Chinese Government scholars attributing this to the dam's impact.
The baiji, or Chinese river dolphin, is now considered extinct, with Chinese Government scholars attributing its extinction directly to the environmental impacts of the Three Gorges Dam.
According to NASA scientists in 2005, how did the redistribution of water mass caused by the dam affect Earth's day length?
Answer: It slightly increased Earth's day length by 0.06 microseconds.
NASA scientists calculated in 2005 that the redistribution of water mass due to the dam would slightly increase Earth's day length by 0.06 microseconds.
What was the forestation percentage recorded in the Three Gorges area in 1997?
Answer: 10%
The forestation rate in the Three Gorges area in 1997 was 10%, representing a decrease from the 20% recorded in the 1950s.
Which of the following is identified as a consequence of benthic sediment buildup within the Yangtze River's ecosystem?
Answer: Biological damage and reduced biodiversity
Benthic sediment buildup in the Yangtze River's ecosystem can lead to biological damage and a reduction in the river's aquatic biodiversity.
The initial estimated cost of the Three Gorges Dam project was approximately US$50 billion.
Answer: False
The Chinese government's initial estimate for the total cost of the Three Gorges Dam project was 180 billion yuan, equivalent to approximately US$22.5 billion at the time.
According to reports, the entire cost of the Three Gorges Dam project was recovered by December 20, 2013.
Answer: True
According to reports, the entire cost associated with the Three Gorges Dam project was recovered by December 20, 2013.
Funding for the Three Gorges Dam project came solely from loans provided by the China Development Bank.
Answer: False
Funding for the project came from multiple sources, including the Three Gorges Dam Construction Fund, profits from the Gezhouba Dam, loans from various banks, corporate bonds, and operational revenue.
During the dam's planning phase, it was estimated that the reservoir would flood 13 cities, 140 towns, and 1,350 villages.
Answer: True
During the planning stages, it was estimated that the reservoir would flood 13 cities, 140 towns, and 1,350 villages, either partially or completely.
The State Council allocated ¥505 million for the archaeology salvage effort related to the dam's construction.
Answer: True
The State Council allocated ¥505 million for the archaeology salvage effort, which involved excavating and recovering artifacts from numerous historical sites.
A 2004 U.S. Department of Defense report suggested that threats to the Three Gorges Dam could deter Chinese military coercion.
Answer: True
A 2004 report from the U.S. Department of Defense suggested that the existence of credible threats against the Three Gorges Dam could potentially deter Chinese military coercion.
What was the initial estimated cost of the Three Gorges Dam project as projected by the Chinese government?
Answer: 180 billion yuan (approx. US$22.5 billion)
The Chinese government's initial estimate for the total cost of the Three Gorges Dam project was 180 billion yuan, equivalent to approximately US$22.5 billion at the time.
By what specific date was the entire cost of the Three Gorges Dam project reportedly recovered?
Answer: December 20, 2013
According to reports, the entire cost associated with the Three Gorges Dam project was recovered by December 20, 2013.
What did a 2004 U.S. Department of Defense report suggest regarding potential threats to the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: Presenting credible threats could potentially deter Chinese military coercion.
A 2004 U.S. Department of Defense report suggested that the existence of credible threats against the Three Gorges Dam could potentially deter Chinese military coercion.
Dams like Wudongde and Baihetan are being constructed on the Jinsha River to reduce sedimentation and maximize the efficiency of the Three Gorges Dam.
Answer: True
A series of dams, including Wudongde and Baihetan, are being constructed on the Jinsha River to maximize the efficiency of the Three Gorges Dam and mitigate sedimentation originating from the upper river course.
The four major dams planned on the Jinsha River have a combined capacity of 38,500 MW, which is less than the capacity of the Three Gorges Dam.
Answer: False
The combined capacity of the four major Jinsha River dams (Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, and Xiangjiaba) is 38,500 MW, which is actually greater than the capacity of the Three Gorges Dam (22,500 MW).
The Baihetan Dam became fully operational in 2020.
Answer: False
The Baihetan Dam achieved full operational status in 2022, not 2020.
What is the primary objective behind constructing dams such as Wudongde and Baihetan on the Jinsha River?
Answer: To maximize the efficiency of the Three Gorges Dam and mitigate sedimentation
The primary goal of constructing dams like Wudongde and Baihetan on the Jinsha River is to maximize the efficiency of the Three Gorges Dam and to mitigate sedimentation originating from the upper river course.
The Baihetan Dam, one of the dams constructed on the Jinsha River, became fully operational in which year?
Answer: 2022
The Baihetan Dam achieved full operational status in 2022.