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The Evolution of the Tory Party in British Politics

At a Glance

Title: The Evolution of the Tory Party in British Politics

Total Categories: 5

Category Stats

  • Origins and Early Political Identity (17th Century): 6 flashcards, 8 questions
  • Monarchy, Revolution, and Succession (Late 17th - Early 18th Century): 8 flashcards, 14 questions
  • Opposition, Jacobitism, and Political Maneuvering (18th Century): 8 flashcards, 13 questions
  • Transformation and Modern Conservatism (Late 18th - Mid-19th Century): 10 flashcards, 18 questions
  • Electoral Fortunes and Parliamentary Representation (17th - 19th Century): 27 flashcards, 29 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 59
  • True/False Questions: 51
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 31
  • Total Questions: 82

Instructions

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Study Guide: The Evolution of the Tory Party in British Politics

Study Guide: The Evolution of the Tory Party in British Politics

Origins and Early Political Identity (17th Century)

The term 'Tory' originated from the Old English word 'tor,' meaning 'rebel.'

Answer: False

The etymological origin of the term 'Tory' is from the Middle Irish word 'tóraidhe,' meaning 'outlaw' or 'robber,' not from an Old English word meaning 'rebel.'

Related Concepts:

  • What is the etymological origin of the term 'Tory,' and what did it initially signify in English politics?: The term 'Tory' originates from the Middle Irish word 'tóraidhe,' meaning 'outlaw' or 'robber,' derived from 'tóir,' meaning 'pursuit.' It was initially used as a derogatory term in English politics during the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678-1681.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.

During the Exclusion Bill crisis, the Tories supported the Whig efforts to prevent James, Duke of York, from succeeding to the throne due to his Catholicism.

Answer: False

The Tories opposed the Whig-led Exclusion Bill. Their core principle was adherence to hereditary succession, which they believed was essential for societal stability, thus supporting James, Duke of York's claim despite his Catholicism.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' stance during the Exclusion Crisis regarding the Duke of York's succession, and how did this differ from the Whigs?: The Tories opposed the Whig-led Exclusion Bill, which aimed to prevent James, Duke of York, from inheriting the throne due to his Catholicism. The Tories believed in the principle of hereditary succession, whereas the Whigs prioritized preventing a Catholic monarch, even if it meant altering the succession.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.

The Tories' core principle regarding succession was the belief in hereditary right, regardless of the heir's religious affiliation.

Answer: True

The Tories' fundamental principle concerning succession was the unwavering belief in hereditary right, which they considered paramount for societal stability, irrespective of the heir's religious affiliation.

Related Concepts:

  • What core principle did the Tories uphold regarding the succession of James, Duke of York, despite his adherence to Catholicism?: Despite James, Duke of York's Catholicism, the Tories supported his right to succeed to the throne based on their belief in the principle of hereditary succession, which they saw as fundamental to societal stability.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.

David Hume characterized the term 'Tory' as originally referring to supporters of the Scottish Covenanters.

Answer: False

David Hume characterized the term 'Tory' as an insult referencing Irish Catholic banditti, not as a term for supporters of the Scottish Covenanters.

Related Concepts:

  • How did David Hume characterize the origin and public perception of the terms 'Whig' and 'Tory'?: David Hume noted that 'Whig' was initially a reproach linking opponents to Scottish Covenanters, while 'Tory' was an insult referencing Irish Catholic banditti. He observed that these terms of reproach became widely used and persisted.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.

The Cavalier Parliament, after the Restoration, passed acts that re-established the Church of England and penalized dissenters.

Answer: True

The Cavalier Parliament, convened after the Restoration, enacted legislation that re-established the Church of England and imposed penalties on those who dissented from its doctrines and practices.

Related Concepts:

  • What role did the Cavalier Parliament play in the post-Restoration era concerning the Church of England?: The Cavalier Parliament, which convened after the Restoration of Charles II, was a strongly royalist body. It passed acts that re-established the Church of England by law and imposed penalties on dissenters from both Roman Catholicism and non-Anglican Protestantism.

What is the etymological origin of the term 'Tory,' and what did it initially signify?

Answer: From the Middle Irish 'tóraidhe,' meaning 'outlaw' or 'robber'; initially a derogatory term in English politics.

The term 'Tory' originates from the Middle Irish word 'tóraidhe,' meaning 'outlaw' or 'robber,' and was initially employed as a derogatory political label in England.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the etymological origin of the term 'Tory,' and what did it initially signify in English politics?: The term 'Tory' originates from the Middle Irish word 'tóraidhe,' meaning 'outlaw' or 'robber,' derived from 'tóir,' meaning 'pursuit.' It was initially used as a derogatory term in English politics during the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678-1681.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.

What was the primary issue that defined the Tories' opposition to the Whigs during the Exclusion Crisis?

Answer: The Whigs' efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the throne due to his Catholicism, which Tories opposed based on hereditary succession.

The central conflict during the Exclusion Crisis involved the Whigs' attempt to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession due to his Catholicism, an effort the Tories opposed based on their commitment to the principle of hereditary succession.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' stance during the Exclusion Crisis regarding the Duke of York's succession, and how did this differ from the Whigs?: The Tories opposed the Whig-led Exclusion Bill, which aimed to prevent James, Duke of York, from inheriting the throne due to his Catholicism. The Tories believed in the principle of hereditary succession, whereas the Whigs prioritized preventing a Catholic monarch, even if it meant altering the succession.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.

How did David Hume describe the origin of the term 'Tory' in public perception?

Answer: As an insult referencing Irish Catholic banditti.

David Hume noted that the term 'Tory' was initially perceived as an insult, referencing Irish Catholic outlaws or banditti.

Related Concepts:

  • How did David Hume characterize the origin and public perception of the terms 'Whig' and 'Tory'?: David Hume noted that 'Whig' was initially a reproach linking opponents to Scottish Covenanters, while 'Tory' was an insult referencing Irish Catholic banditti. He observed that these terms of reproach became widely used and persisted.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.
  • What is the etymological origin of the term 'Tory,' and what did it initially signify in English politics?: The term 'Tory' originates from the Middle Irish word 'tóraidhe,' meaning 'outlaw' or 'robber,' derived from 'tóir,' meaning 'pursuit.' It was initially used as a derogatory term in English politics during the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678-1681.

Monarchy, Revolution, and Succession (Late 17th - Early 18th Century)

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 strengthened the Tories' platform concerning the absolute power of the monarchy.

Answer: False

The Glorious Revolution of 1688, by establishing a monarch subject to parliamentary control, fundamentally challenged the Tories' traditional platform concerning the absolute power of the monarchy.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 impact the Tories' core principles regarding monarchy and the Church of England?: The Glorious Revolution resulted in a monarch established solely by parliamentary title and subject to parliamentary controls, principles the Tories had initially opposed. While they found consolation in the new monarchs' proximity to the line of succession, their platform concerning the absolute power of the monarchy and the exclusive status of the Church of England was compromised.

Following the accession of George I in 1714, the Tories experienced a period of 'Whig supremacy' where they were largely excluded from public office.

Answer: True

Following George I's accession in 1714, the Tories faced a prolonged period of 'Whig supremacy,' characterized by their significant exclusion from public employment and governmental positions.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the period of 'Whig supremacy,' and how did it affect the Tories' ability to hold public office?: Following the accession of George I in 1714, the Whigs dominated government, leading to a period of 'Whig supremacy.' During this time, Tories faced proscription, meaning they were largely excluded from public employment in the Army, Navy, civil service, and the Church, a situation that lasted for approximately forty-five years.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1715 British general election, and what was their position?: Following George I's accession, the Tories' representation fell to 217 out of 558 seats in the 1715 British general election, placing them in the second position as a minority party.
  • What was the 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession, and how did it affect their political standing?: After George I's accession, Tories were largely excluded from public employment, a policy described as 'proscription.' This meant Tory gentlemen could not easily secure positions for their sons in the Army, Navy, civil service, or Church, effectively alienating them from the Hanoverian regime.

Whigs' accusations of 'Catholic plots' in the 1670s were solely based on the Duke of York's conversion to Catholicism.

Answer: False

Whigs' accusations of 'Catholic plots' in the 1670s were based not only on the Duke of York's conversion to Catholicism but also on Charles II's past measures and perceived leanings towards Catholicism.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the two key political realities reflected in the Whigs' accusations of 'Catholic plots' in the 1670s?: The Whigs' accusations of Catholic plots reflected two realities: Charles II's past (though somewhat insincere) measures to convert the kingdom to Catholicism via a treaty with Louis XIV of France, and the fact that his brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, had converted to Catholicism, which many Protestants viewed with deep suspicion.

James II's religious policies, which sought broad tolerance, aligned perfectly with the conservative Anglican Tories' desire for an exclusive Church of England.

Answer: False

James II's religious policies, which aimed for broad tolerance to benefit Catholics, were fundamentally at odds with the conservative Anglican Tories' desire for an exclusive and dominant Church of England.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the Tories' support for the Church of England's established status conflict with James II's religious policies?: The Tories supported the Church of England as an institution governed by bishops and legally exclusive of Catholics and Nonconformists. James II, however, sought a broadly tolerant religious settlement that would allow his co-religionists to prosper, a position that clashed with the conservative Anglican Tories.
  • What was the primary reason cited for some Tories supporting the Glorious Revolution of 1688?: Some Tories supported the Glorious Revolution because James II's attempts to use the government-controlled Church of England to promote policies that undermined its own status in the state were anathema to them.
  • What was the Tories' stance during the Exclusion Crisis regarding the Duke of York's succession, and how did this differ from the Whigs?: The Tories opposed the Whig-led Exclusion Bill, which aimed to prevent James, Duke of York, from inheriting the throne due to his Catholicism. The Tories believed in the principle of hereditary succession, whereas the Whigs prioritized preventing a Catholic monarch, even if it meant altering the succession.

A primary reason some Tories supported the Glorious Revolution was James II's attempts to undermine the status of the Church of England.

Answer: True

A significant factor motivating some Tories to support the Glorious Revolution was James II's perceived attempts to undermine the established status and authority of the Church of England.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the primary reason cited for some Tories supporting the Glorious Revolution of 1688?: Some Tories supported the Glorious Revolution because James II's attempts to use the government-controlled Church of England to promote policies that undermined its own status in the state were anathema to them.
  • How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 impact the Tories' core principles regarding monarchy and the Church of England?: The Glorious Revolution resulted in a monarch established solely by parliamentary title and subject to parliamentary controls, principles the Tories had initially opposed. While they found consolation in the new monarchs' proximity to the line of succession, their platform concerning the absolute power of the monarchy and the exclusive status of the Church of England was compromised.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.

William III exclusively employed Tories in his government, distrusting the Whigs.

Answer: False

William III employed both Tories and Whigs in his government, recognizing the Tories' general support for royal authority, though his administration eventually became more Whig-dominated.

Related Concepts:

  • How did William III balance the political factions in his government, and what was the eventual trend?: William III employed both Tories and Whigs in his government, recognizing the Tories' general friendliness to royal authority. However, his government gradually came to be dominated by the 'Junto Whigs,' a development opposed by the 'Country Whigs' who later merged with the Tory opposition.

The 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession involved their active participation in the government's policy-making.

Answer: False

The 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession involved their exclusion from public employment, not their active participation in government policy-making.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession, and how did it affect their political standing?: After George I's accession, Tories were largely excluded from public employment, a policy described as 'proscription.' This meant Tory gentlemen could not easily secure positions for their sons in the Army, Navy, civil service, or Church, effectively alienating them from the Hanoverian regime.
  • What was the period of 'Whig supremacy,' and how did it affect the Tories' ability to hold public office?: Following the accession of George I in 1714, the Whigs dominated government, leading to a period of 'Whig supremacy.' During this time, Tories faced proscription, meaning they were largely excluded from public employment in the Army, Navy, civil service, and the Church, a situation that lasted for approximately forty-five years.

The proscription of Tories and their alienation from the Hanoverian regime contributed to their increasing support for Jacobitism.

Answer: True

The systematic proscription of Tories and their consequent alienation from the Hanoverian regime significantly contributed to their growing inclination towards Jacobitism.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the proscription of Tories contribute to their increasing support for Jacobitism?: The proscription of Tories and their alienation from the Hanoverian regime pushed many towards Jacobitism. Bolingbroke himself argued that the 'violence of the Whigs' forced the Tories into the arms of the Pretender, suggesting that milder measures might have prevented this.
  • What was the 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession, and how did it affect their political standing?: After George I's accession, Tories were largely excluded from public employment, a policy described as 'proscription.' This meant Tory gentlemen could not easily secure positions for their sons in the Army, Navy, civil service, or Church, effectively alienating them from the Hanoverian regime.
  • How did the Tories challenge the Hanoverian-Whig regime during the 1730s and 1740s without explicitly endorsing Jacobitism?: By adopting rhetoric similar to the Whigs of the Exclusion Crisis, the Tories denounced government corruption, high taxation, and the growth of the Army. They opposed 'tyranny' and 'arbitrary power,' effectively challenging the regime without openly declaring for Jacobitism, which was treasonous.

How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 impact the Tories' political principles?

Answer: It reinforced their commitment to hereditary succession but weakened their stance on the monarchy's absolute power and the Church's exclusive status.

While the Glorious Revolution reinforced the Tories' adherence to hereditary succession, it significantly weakened their traditional positions on the absolute power of the monarchy and the exclusive status of the Church of England.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 impact the Tories' core principles regarding monarchy and the Church of England?: The Glorious Revolution resulted in a monarch established solely by parliamentary title and subject to parliamentary controls, principles the Tories had initially opposed. While they found consolation in the new monarchs' proximity to the line of succession, their platform concerning the absolute power of the monarchy and the exclusive status of the Church of England was compromised.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.
  • What was the primary reason cited for some Tories supporting the Glorious Revolution of 1688?: Some Tories supported the Glorious Revolution because James II's attempts to use the government-controlled Church of England to promote policies that undermined its own status in the state were anathema to them.

What was the consequence of 'Whig supremacy' for Tories following George I's accession in 1714?

Answer: They were largely excluded from public employment, a policy known as proscription.

The period of 'Whig supremacy' following George I's accession resulted in the widespread exclusion of Tories from public employment, a practice termed proscription.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the period of 'Whig supremacy,' and how did it affect the Tories' ability to hold public office?: Following the accession of George I in 1714, the Whigs dominated government, leading to a period of 'Whig supremacy.' During this time, Tories faced proscription, meaning they were largely excluded from public employment in the Army, Navy, civil service, and the Church, a situation that lasted for approximately forty-five years.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1715 British general election, and what was their position?: Following George I's accession, the Tories' representation fell to 217 out of 558 seats in the 1715 British general election, placing them in the second position as a minority party.
  • What was the 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession, and how did it affect their political standing?: After George I's accession, Tories were largely excluded from public employment, a policy described as 'proscription.' This meant Tory gentlemen could not easily secure positions for their sons in the Army, Navy, civil service, or Church, effectively alienating them from the Hanoverian regime.

What was the primary reason cited for some Tories supporting the Glorious Revolution of 1688?

Answer: James II's attempts to promote policies that undermined the status of the Church of England.

A principal motivation for some Tories supporting the Glorious Revolution was James II's perceived actions that threatened the established position and authority of the Church of England.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the primary reason cited for some Tories supporting the Glorious Revolution of 1688?: Some Tories supported the Glorious Revolution because James II's attempts to use the government-controlled Church of England to promote policies that undermined its own status in the state were anathema to them.
  • How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 impact the Tories' core principles regarding monarchy and the Church of England?: The Glorious Revolution resulted in a monarch established solely by parliamentary title and subject to parliamentary controls, principles the Tories had initially opposed. While they found consolation in the new monarchs' proximity to the line of succession, their platform concerning the absolute power of the monarchy and the exclusive status of the Church of England was compromised.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.

What was the 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession?

Answer: Exclusion from public employment and positions.

The 'proscription' experienced by Tories following George I's accession primarily entailed their systematic exclusion from holding public employment and official positions.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession, and how did it affect their political standing?: After George I's accession, Tories were largely excluded from public employment, a policy described as 'proscription.' This meant Tory gentlemen could not easily secure positions for their sons in the Army, Navy, civil service, or Church, effectively alienating them from the Hanoverian regime.
  • What was the period of 'Whig supremacy,' and how did it affect the Tories' ability to hold public office?: Following the accession of George I in 1714, the Whigs dominated government, leading to a period of 'Whig supremacy.' During this time, Tories faced proscription, meaning they were largely excluded from public employment in the Army, Navy, civil service, and the Church, a situation that lasted for approximately forty-five years.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1715 British general election, and what was their position?: Following George I's accession, the Tories' representation fell to 217 out of 558 seats in the 1715 British general election, placing them in the second position as a minority party.

How did the proscription of Tories contribute to their political leanings after 1714?

Answer: It pushed many towards Jacobitism, seeking the restoration of the Stuarts.

The proscription and alienation from the Hanoverian regime significantly contributed to the Tories' increasing alignment with Jacobitism, fostering a desire for the restoration of the Stuart monarchy.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the period of 'Whig supremacy,' and how did it affect the Tories' ability to hold public office?: Following the accession of George I in 1714, the Whigs dominated government, leading to a period of 'Whig supremacy.' During this time, Tories faced proscription, meaning they were largely excluded from public employment in the Army, Navy, civil service, and the Church, a situation that lasted for approximately forty-five years.
  • What was the 'proscription' faced by Tories after George I's accession, and how did it affect their political standing?: After George I's accession, Tories were largely excluded from public employment, a policy described as 'proscription.' This meant Tory gentlemen could not easily secure positions for their sons in the Army, Navy, civil service, or Church, effectively alienating them from the Hanoverian regime.
  • How did the proscription of Tories contribute to their increasing support for Jacobitism?: The proscription of Tories and their alienation from the Hanoverian regime pushed many towards Jacobitism. Bolingbroke himself argued that the 'violence of the Whigs' forced the Tories into the arms of the Pretender, suggesting that milder measures might have prevented this.

What was the basis for the Whigs' accusations of 'Catholic plots' in the 1670s?

Answer: Charles II's past measures towards Catholicism and James, Duke of York's conversion.

The Whigs' accusations of 'Catholic plots' in the 1670s were grounded in both Charles II's historical measures concerning Catholicism and the conversion of his brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the two key political realities reflected in the Whigs' accusations of 'Catholic plots' in the 1670s?: The Whigs' accusations of Catholic plots reflected two realities: Charles II's past (though somewhat insincere) measures to convert the kingdom to Catholicism via a treaty with Louis XIV of France, and the fact that his brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, had converted to Catholicism, which many Protestants viewed with deep suspicion.

Opposition, Jacobitism, and Political Maneuvering (18th Century)

The prosecution of the ultra-Whig preacher Henry Sacheverell in 1710 led to the dismissal of Whig ministers and the formation of a Tory government.

Answer: False

The prosecution of the ultra-Tory preacher Henry Sacheverell in 1710, rather than an ultra-Whig, led to public outcry that discredited the Whig ministry, enabling Queen Anne to dismiss Whig ministers and form a Tory government.

Related Concepts:

  • What event in 1710 marked a significant shift in political power, leading to the dismissal of Whig ministers and the rise of a Tory ministry?: The prosecution of the ultra-Tory preacher Henry Sacheverell in 1710 by the Whig government led to public discredit of the ministry. This allowed Queen Anne to dismiss the Junto Whigs and replace them with Tories, forming a new ministry dominated by Robert Harley and Viscount Bolingbroke.

The 'Church in Danger' slogan was used by the Whig government in 1710 to rally support against the Tories.

Answer: False

The 'Church in Danger' slogan was strategically employed by the Tory government formed in 1710 to rally support, not by the Whig government against the Tories.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'Church in Danger' slogan, and how did it benefit the Tory government formed in 1710?: The 'Church in Danger' slogan was used by the Tory government formed in 1710, led by Harley and Bolingbroke, to rally support. It capitalized on fears regarding the established Church, helping them secure a strong majority in the Parliament elected that year.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1710 British general election, and what was their position?: The Tories achieved a significant victory in the 1710 British general election, winning 346 out of 558 seats and securing the first position with a majority, rallying under the banner of 'Church in Danger'.

The Treaty of Utrecht, negotiated by the Tory government in 1713, was welcomed enthusiastically by Britain's allies.

Answer: False

The Treaty of Utrecht, negotiated by the Tory government in 1713, was met with significant dismay by Britain's allies, including the Elector of Hanover.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1713 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1713 British general election, the Tories won 369 out of 558 seats, maintaining their first position with a majority, and negotiated the Treaty of Utrecht.
  • What was the significance of the Treaty of Utrecht negotiated by the Tory government in 1713?: The Treaty of Utrecht, negotiated by the Tory government under Harley and Bolingbroke, pulled Great Britain out of the War of the Spanish Succession. This action was met with dismay by Britain's allies, including George, Elector of Hanover, who would later succeed Queen Anne.

The Atterbury Plot involved a conspiracy to place the Whig leader Robert Walpole on the throne.

Answer: False

The Atterbury Plot was a conspiracy aimed at placing the Stuart Pretender on the throne, not at elevating the Whig leader Robert Walpole.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'Atterbury Plot,' and how did it impact the Tories' relationship with the government?: The Atterbury Plot was a conspiracy involving the Pretender, Sunderland, and potentially some Tories, aiming to place the Pretender on the throne. The government's discovery of the plot led to the arrest of conspirators, and although many Tories involved were not prosecuted, the event demoralized the party and led to their temporary absence from Parliament.

The Tories initially refused to cooperate with opposition Whigs against Robert Walpole, even after receiving orders from the Pretender.

Answer: False

The Tories' stance on cooperating with opposition Whigs against Robert Walpole shifted; they eventually agreed to cooperate after receiving specific instructions from the Pretender.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' stance on cooperating with opposition Whigs against Robert Walpole, and what influenced their decision?: The Tories were divided on cooperating with opposition Whigs. Initially hesitant, they reversed their stance after receiving a letter from the Pretender in 1730, ordering them to unite with those opposing the government, even if for different reasons.

The Tories indicated they would rise for Charles Stuart during the 1745 rising only if accompanied by significant French military support.

Answer: True

The Tories indicated their willingness to support Charles Stuart during the 1745 rising, but only under the condition of substantial French military backing and an invasion.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' role in the lead-up to the 1745 Jacobite rising, and what were their conditions for supporting it?: English Tories communicated with the French government and the Jacobite court, requesting a French invasion near London and a significant number of French soldiers. They indicated they would rise for Charles Stuart only if accompanied by such military support.

Eveline Cruickshanks concluded that up to 1745, the Tories were predominantly a Jacobite party.

Answer: True

Historian Eveline Cruickshanks concluded that prior to 1745, the Tories were largely characterized as a predominantly Jacobite party.

Related Concepts:

  • What did Eveline Cruickshanks conclude about the Tories' political leanings regarding Jacobitism up to 1745?: Eveline Cruickshanks concluded, based on available evidence, that up to 1745, the Tories were predominantly a Jacobite party, actively involved in attempts to restore the Stuarts with foreign assistance.

Which event in 1710 marked a significant shift, leading to the formation of a Tory ministry?

Answer: The public discredit of the Whig government following the prosecution of the ultra-Tory preacher Henry Sacheverell.

The prosecution of Henry Sacheverell, an ultra-Tory preacher, led to the public discrediting of the Whig ministry, paving the way for Queen Anne to dismiss Whig ministers and establish a Tory government.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1710 British general election, and what was their position?: The Tories achieved a significant victory in the 1710 British general election, winning 346 out of 558 seats and securing the first position with a majority, rallying under the banner of 'Church in Danger'.
  • What event in 1710 marked a significant shift in political power, leading to the dismissal of Whig ministers and the rise of a Tory ministry?: The prosecution of the ultra-Tory preacher Henry Sacheverell in 1710 by the Whig government led to public discredit of the ministry. This allowed Queen Anne to dismiss the Junto Whigs and replace them with Tories, forming a new ministry dominated by Robert Harley and Viscount Bolingbroke.
  • When did the first organized Tory political entity effectively cease to exist, and when did a new Tory party re-emerge?: The first organized Tory political entity ceased to exist in the early 1760s. A new Tory party re-emerged approximately twenty years later, participating in government between 1783 and 1830.

What was the 'Atterbury Plot' primarily concerned with?

Answer: A conspiracy involving the Pretender aiming to place him on the throne.

The Atterbury Plot was a conspiracy centered on the objective of placing the Stuart Pretender on the throne of Great Britain.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'Atterbury Plot,' and how did it impact the Tories' relationship with the government?: The Atterbury Plot was a conspiracy involving the Pretender, Sunderland, and potentially some Tories, aiming to place the Pretender on the throne. The government's discovery of the plot led to the arrest of conspirators, and although many Tories involved were not prosecuted, the event demoralized the party and led to their temporary absence from Parliament.

During the 1730s and 1740s, how did the Tories challenge the Hanoverian-Whig regime without explicitly endorsing Jacobitism?

Answer: By denouncing government corruption, high taxation, and the growth of the Army, using rhetoric against 'tyranny'.

The Tories challenged the Hanoverian-Whig regime by employing rhetoric against corruption, high taxation, and the expansion of the Army, framing their opposition in terms of combating 'tyranny'.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the Tories challenge the Hanoverian-Whig regime during the 1730s and 1740s without explicitly endorsing Jacobitism?: By adopting rhetoric similar to the Whigs of the Exclusion Crisis, the Tories denounced government corruption, high taxation, and the growth of the Army. They opposed 'tyranny' and 'arbitrary power,' effectively challenging the regime without openly declaring for Jacobitism, which was treasonous.
  • What did Eveline Cruickshanks conclude about the Tories' political leanings regarding Jacobitism up to 1745?: Eveline Cruickshanks concluded, based on available evidence, that up to 1745, the Tories were predominantly a Jacobite party, actively involved in attempts to restore the Stuarts with foreign assistance.
  • What was the Tories' stance on cooperating with opposition Whigs against Robert Walpole, and what influenced their decision?: The Tories were divided on cooperating with opposition Whigs. Initially hesitant, they reversed their stance after receiving a letter from the Pretender in 1730, ordering them to unite with those opposing the government, even if for different reasons.

What conditions did English Tories communicate to the French government and Jacobite court regarding support for the 1745 rising?

Answer: They demanded a significant number of French soldiers and a French invasion near London.

English Tories communicated to the French and Jacobite courts that their support for the 1745 rising was contingent upon a substantial French military deployment and an invasion near London.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' role in the lead-up to the 1745 Jacobite rising, and what were their conditions for supporting it?: English Tories communicated with the French government and the Jacobite court, requesting a French invasion near London and a significant number of French soldiers. They indicated they would rise for Charles Stuart only if accompanied by such military support.
  • How did the Tories challenge the Hanoverian-Whig regime during the 1730s and 1740s without explicitly endorsing Jacobitism?: By adopting rhetoric similar to the Whigs of the Exclusion Crisis, the Tories denounced government corruption, high taxation, and the growth of the Army. They opposed 'tyranny' and 'arbitrary power,' effectively challenging the regime without openly declaring for Jacobitism, which was treasonous.

What conclusion did Eveline Cruickshanks draw about the Tories' political leanings regarding Jacobitism up to 1745?

Answer: They were predominantly a Jacobite party, involved in attempts to restore the Stuarts.

Eveline Cruickshanks concluded that, up to 1745, the Tories were largely characterized as a predominantly Jacobite party, actively participating in efforts to restore the Stuart monarchy.

Related Concepts:

  • What did Eveline Cruickshanks conclude about the Tories' political leanings regarding Jacobitism up to 1745?: Eveline Cruickshanks concluded, based on available evidence, that up to 1745, the Tories were predominantly a Jacobite party, actively involved in attempts to restore the Stuarts with foreign assistance.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Utrecht negotiated by the Tory government in 1713?

Answer: It pulled Great Britain out of the War of the Spanish Succession, causing dismay among allies.

The Treaty of Utrecht, negotiated by the Tory government in 1713, concluded Britain's participation in the War of the Spanish Succession, a move that generated considerable dismay among its allies.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1713 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1713 British general election, the Tories won 369 out of 558 seats, maintaining their first position with a majority, and negotiated the Treaty of Utrecht.
  • What was the significance of the Treaty of Utrecht negotiated by the Tory government in 1713?: The Treaty of Utrecht, negotiated by the Tory government under Harley and Bolingbroke, pulled Great Britain out of the War of the Spanish Succession. This action was met with dismay by Britain's allies, including George, Elector of Hanover, who would later succeed Queen Anne.

Transformation and Modern Conservatism (Late 18th - Mid-19th Century)

Robert Peel's 'Tamworth Manifesto' advocated for radical change while abandoning existing traditions.

Answer: False

Robert Peel's 'Tamworth Manifesto' advocated for moderate reform within the framework of existing institutions and traditions, not radical change or abandonment thereof.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of the 'Tamworth Manifesto' in the evolution of the Tory party?: Issued by Robert Peel, the Tamworth Manifesto outlined a new conservative philosophy advocating for reform while conserving existing good practices. This document signaled the beginning of the Tories' transformation into the modern Conservative Party.

Robert Peel's decision to repeal the Corn Laws in 1846 led to the unification of the Tory party.

Answer: False

Robert Peel's decision to repeal the Corn Laws in 1846 caused a profound split within the Tory party, leading to the formation of distinct factions rather than unification.

Related Concepts:

  • What major policy decision by Robert Peel in 1846 led to a significant split within the Tory party?: Robert Peel's repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 caused the party to break apart, with the protectionist faction rejecting the Conservative label and preferring to be known as Protectionists or even reviving the older 'Tory' name.

The first organized Tory political entity effectively ceased to exist in the late 18th century and re-emerged in the mid-19th century.

Answer: False

The first organized Tory political entity ceased to exist in the early 1760s and re-emerged as a distinct parliamentary force in the 1780s under William Pitt the Younger, predating the mid-19th century.

Related Concepts:

  • When did the first organized Tory political entity effectively cease to exist, and when did a new Tory party re-emerge?: The first organized Tory political entity ceased to exist in the early 1760s. A new Tory party re-emerged approximately twenty years later, participating in government between 1783 and 1830.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.
  • What was the general consensus among historians regarding the existence of an organized Tory party in Parliament between the early 1760s and the late 1820s?: Historians like J.C.D. Clark argue that the Tory party effectively did not exist as an organized entity in Parliament during the period from the early 1760s to the late 1820s, with political life dominated by competing Whig factions and independent members.

The Representation of the People Act 1832 significantly increased Tory representation in Parliament by abolishing large urban constituencies.

Answer: False

The Representation of the People Act 1832 significantly decreased Tory representation in Parliament by abolishing many 'rotten boroughs' that had been traditional sources of Tory support.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1832 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: Following the Representation of the People Act 1832, the Tories were reduced to 175 seats out of 658 in the 1832 general election, remaining the second-largest party.
  • What was the outcome of the 1832 general election for the Tories, and what legislation contributed to this result?: Following the Representation of the People Act 1832, which abolished many 'rotten boroughs' often controlled by Tories, the party's representation was significantly reduced. In the 1832 elections, they were diminished to 175 Members of Parliament.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1831 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1831 United Kingdom general election, the Tories' representation dropped to 235 seats out of 658. They moved from a majority position to becoming the second-largest party, largely due to their opposition to electoral reform.

Historian J.C.D. Clark argues that the Tory party existed as a clearly organized entity in Parliament throughout the period from the early 1760s to the late 1820s.

Answer: False

J.C.D. Clark posits that the Tory party lacked coherent organization in Parliament from the early 1760s to the late 1820s, during which time political dynamics were primarily shaped by competing Whig factions.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the general consensus among historians regarding the existence of an organized Tory party in Parliament between the early 1760s and the late 1820s?: Historians like J.C.D. Clark argue that the Tory party effectively did not exist as an organized entity in Parliament during the period from the early 1760s to the late 1820s, with political life dominated by competing Whig factions and independent members.
  • When did the first organized Tory political entity effectively cease to exist, and when did a new Tory party re-emerge?: The first organized Tory political entity ceased to exist in the early 1760s. A new Tory party re-emerged approximately twenty years later, participating in government between 1783 and 1830.

Under George III, the old political distinctions dissolved, and the Tories fragmented, with 'Tory' becoming an epithet for supporters of the King.

Answer: True

Under George III, the traditional political distinctions dissolved, leading to the fragmentation of the Tories, and the term 'Tory' increasingly became an epithet applied to supporters of the King.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the political landscape change under George III, and what happened to the Tory party's identity?: Under George III, old political distinctions dissolved. The Whig factions became distinct parties, and the primary political divide was between 'King's Friends' and those opposing the King. The proscription on Tories ended, leading them to fragment and cease functioning as a coherent party, with 'Tory' becoming more of an epithet for supporters of George III.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.

William Pitt the Younger embraced the 'Tory' label, identifying strongly with the earlier principles of the party.

Answer: False

William Pitt the Younger rejected the 'Tory' label, preferring to identify as an independent Whig and distancing himself from the older Tory principles.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the stance of William Pitt the Younger and his supporters regarding the 'Tory' label?: William Pitt the Younger rejected the 'Tory' label, preferring to identify as an independent Whig. He believed in the existing constitutional balance and did not favor the royal prerogative as strongly as the earlier Tories of the 18th century.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.
  • What was the primary ideological difference between the 'old' Tories and the 'new' Tory party that emerged in the late 18th century?: The old Tories were generally pacific and isolationist in foreign policy, while the new Tory party, associated with Pitt the Younger, was characterized by a more bellicose and imperialistic foreign policy.

The 'new' Tory party associated with Pitt the Younger was characterized by a more isolationist foreign policy compared to the 'old' Tories.

Answer: False

The 'new' Tory party associated with Pitt the Younger pursued a more bellicose and imperialistic foreign policy, contrasting with the generally more pacific and isolationist stance of the 'old' Tories.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the primary ideological difference between the 'old' Tories and the 'new' Tory party that emerged in the late 18th century?: The old Tories were generally pacific and isolationist in foreign policy, while the new Tory party, associated with Pitt the Younger, was characterized by a more bellicose and imperialistic foreign policy.
  • What was the stance of William Pitt the Younger and his supporters regarding the 'Tory' label?: William Pitt the Younger rejected the 'Tory' label, preferring to identify as an independent Whig. He believed in the existing constitutional balance and did not favor the royal prerogative as strongly as the earlier Tories of the 18th century.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.

After 1815, the Tories became associated with the repression of popular discontent.

Answer: True

Following the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, the Tories became increasingly associated with policies aimed at the repression of popular discontent and social unrest.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' association with repression of popular discontent after 1815?: After 1815, the Tories became associated with the repression of popular discontent, reflecting a more hardline stance in response to social unrest.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.

What was the significance of Robert Peel's 'Tamworth Manifesto'?

Answer: It outlined a new conservative philosophy, signaling the transformation into the modern Conservative Party.

Robert Peel's 'Tamworth Manifesto' articulated a new conservative ideology that guided the party's evolution, effectively signaling its transformation into the modern Conservative Party.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of the 'Tamworth Manifesto' in the evolution of the Tory party?: Issued by Robert Peel, the Tamworth Manifesto outlined a new conservative philosophy advocating for reform while conserving existing good practices. This document signaled the beginning of the Tories' transformation into the modern Conservative Party.

Which policy decision by Robert Peel in 1846 caused a major split within the Tory party?

Answer: The repeal of the Corn Laws.

Robert Peel's decision in 1846 to repeal the Corn Laws precipitated a significant schism within the Tory party, dividing its members over protectionist principles.

Related Concepts:

  • What major policy decision by Robert Peel in 1846 led to a significant split within the Tory party?: Robert Peel's repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 caused the party to break apart, with the protectionist faction rejecting the Conservative label and preferring to be known as Protectionists or even reviving the older 'Tory' name.

According to historian J.C.D. Clark, what was the status of the Tory party as an organized entity in Parliament between the early 1760s and the late 1820s?

Answer: It effectively did not exist as an organized entity, with political life dominated by competing Whig factions.

J.C.D. Clark posits that the Tory party lacked coherent organization in Parliament from the early 1760s to the late 1820s, during which time political dynamics were primarily shaped by competing Whig factions.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the general consensus among historians regarding the existence of an organized Tory party in Parliament between the early 1760s and the late 1820s?: Historians like J.C.D. Clark argue that the Tory party effectively did not exist as an organized entity in Parliament during the period from the early 1760s to the late 1820s, with political life dominated by competing Whig factions and independent members.
  • When did the first organized Tory political entity effectively cease to exist, and when did a new Tory party re-emerge?: The first organized Tory political entity ceased to exist in the early 1760s. A new Tory party re-emerged approximately twenty years later, participating in government between 1783 and 1830.

Under George III, how did the identity and structure of the Tory party change?

Answer: It fragmented, ceased functioning as a coherent party, and 'Tory' became an epithet for supporters of the King.

Under George III, the Tory party fragmented, ceased functioning as a cohesive political entity, and the term 'Tory' evolved into an epithet often applied to those who supported the King.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the political landscape change under George III, and what happened to the Tory party's identity?: Under George III, old political distinctions dissolved. The Whig factions became distinct parties, and the primary political divide was between 'King's Friends' and those opposing the King. The proscription on Tories ended, leading them to fragment and cease functioning as a coherent party, with 'Tory' becoming more of an epithet for supporters of George III.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1715 British general election, and what was their position?: Following George I's accession, the Tories' representation fell to 217 out of 558 seats in the 1715 British general election, placing them in the second position as a minority party.

What was William Pitt the Younger's stance regarding the 'Tory' label?

Answer: He rejected it, preferring to identify as an independent Whig.

William Pitt the Younger explicitly rejected the 'Tory' label, preferring to align himself with the identity of an independent Whig.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the stance of William Pitt the Younger and his supporters regarding the 'Tory' label?: William Pitt the Younger rejected the 'Tory' label, preferring to identify as an independent Whig. He believed in the existing constitutional balance and did not favor the royal prerogative as strongly as the earlier Tories of the 18th century.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.
  • What was the primary ideological difference between the 'old' Tories and the 'new' Tory party that emerged in the late 18th century?: The old Tories were generally pacific and isolationist in foreign policy, while the new Tory party, associated with Pitt the Younger, was characterized by a more bellicose and imperialistic foreign policy.

What ideological difference distinguished the 'new' Tory party associated with Pitt the Younger from the 'old' Tories?

Answer: Foreign policy: old Tories were pacific/isolationist, new Tories were bellicose/imperialistic.

A key ideological divergence was in foreign policy: the 'old' Tories generally favored pacific or isolationist approaches, whereas the 'new' Tory party under Pitt the Younger pursued more bellicose and imperialistic objectives.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the primary ideological difference between the 'old' Tories and the 'new' Tory party that emerged in the late 18th century?: The old Tories were generally pacific and isolationist in foreign policy, while the new Tory party, associated with Pitt the Younger, was characterized by a more bellicose and imperialistic foreign policy.
  • What was the stance of William Pitt the Younger and his supporters regarding the 'Tory' label?: William Pitt the Younger rejected the 'Tory' label, preferring to identify as an independent Whig. He believed in the existing constitutional balance and did not favor the royal prerogative as strongly as the earlier Tories of the 18th century.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.

After 1815, with what aspect of political response did the Tories become associated?

Answer: The repression of popular discontent.

Following the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, the Tories became increasingly associated with policies aimed at the repression of popular discontent.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' association with repression of popular discontent after 1815?: After 1815, the Tories became associated with the repression of popular discontent, reflecting a more hardline stance in response to social unrest.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.
  • When did the Tories first emerge as a distinct political faction, and what was the primary issue that defined their opposition to the Whigs?: The Tories first emerged as a political faction during the Exclusion Crisis of 1679. They opposed the Whig efforts to exclude James, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne due to his Catholicism, based on their belief in hereditary succession as the foundation of a stable society.

What was the primary ideological difference between the 'old' Tories and the 'new' Tory party associated with William Pitt the Younger?

Answer: Foreign policy: old Tories were pacific/isolationist, new Tories were bellicose/imperialistic.

A key ideological divergence was in foreign policy: the 'old' Tories generally favored pacific or isolationist approaches, whereas the 'new' Tory party under Pitt the Younger pursued more bellicose and imperialistic objectives.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the primary ideological difference between the 'old' Tories and the 'new' Tory party that emerged in the late 18th century?: The old Tories were generally pacific and isolationist in foreign policy, while the new Tory party, associated with Pitt the Younger, was characterized by a more bellicose and imperialistic foreign policy.
  • What was the stance of William Pitt the Younger and his supporters regarding the 'Tory' label?: William Pitt the Younger rejected the 'Tory' label, preferring to identify as an independent Whig. He believed in the existing constitutional balance and did not favor the royal prerogative as strongly as the earlier Tories of the 18th century.
  • When did the term 'Tory' re-emerge in a significant political context, and who was associated with this resurgence?: The term 'Tory' re-emerged in the late 18th century, applied by opponents to parliamentary supporters of William Pitt the Younger. This marked a new political current opposing the 'Old Whigs' and the radicalism stemming from the American and French Revolutions.

Which document, issued by Robert Peel, is considered to have signaled the transformation of the Tories into the modern Conservative Party?

Answer: The Tamworth Manifesto

Robert Peel's 'Tamworth Manifesto,' issued in 1834, is widely regarded as a seminal document that signaled the transformation of the Tory party into the modern Conservative Party.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of the 'Tamworth Manifesto' in the evolution of the Tory party?: Issued by Robert Peel, the Tamworth Manifesto outlined a new conservative philosophy advocating for reform while conserving existing good practices. This document signaled the beginning of the Tories' transformation into the modern Conservative Party.
  • What major policy decision by Robert Peel in 1846 led to a significant split within the Tory party?: Robert Peel's repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 caused the party to break apart, with the protectionist faction rejecting the Conservative label and preferring to be known as Protectionists or even reviving the older 'Tory' name.

Electoral Fortunes and Parliamentary Representation (17th - 19th Century)

In the 1830 United Kingdom general election, the Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington, held a majority position.

Answer: True

In the 1830 United Kingdom general election, the Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington, secured a majority, holding 250 out of 658 seats and thus maintaining their position as the leading party.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1830 United Kingdom general election, the Tories secured 250 seats out of 658, maintaining their position as the leading party with a majority, under the leadership of the Duke of Wellington.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington, won 250 out of 658 seats in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, holding the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1831 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1831 United Kingdom general election, the Tories' representation dropped to 235 seats out of 658. They moved from a majority position to becoming the second-largest party, largely due to their opposition to electoral reform.

The Tories won a majority in the 1831 general election due to their strong support for electoral reform.

Answer: False

The Tories suffered a significant loss in representation in the 1831 general election due to their strong opposition to electoral reform, moving from a majority to the second-largest party.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1831 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1831 United Kingdom general election, the Tories' representation dropped to 235 seats out of 658. They moved from a majority position to becoming the second-largest party, largely due to their opposition to electoral reform.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington, won 250 out of 658 seats in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, holding the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1832 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: Following the Representation of the People Act 1832, the Tories were reduced to 175 seats out of 658 in the 1832 general election, remaining the second-largest party.

In the 1685 English general election, the Tories held a significant majority, securing 468 out of 513 seats.

Answer: True

In the 1685 English general election, the Tories achieved a commanding victory, securing 468 out of 513 seats and thus holding a substantial majority.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1685 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1685 English general election, the Tories secured 468 out of 513 seats, holding the first position with a clear majority, under the leadership of King James II of England.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1681 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1689 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1689 English general election, the Tories won 232 out of 513 seats, moving to the second position with a minority representation.

The Tories achieved a significant victory in the 1710 British general election, winning a majority under the banner of 'Church in Danger.'

Answer: True

The Tories achieved a decisive victory in the 1710 British general election, securing a majority of 346 out of 558 seats, largely by campaigning under the slogan 'Church in Danger.'

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1710 British general election, and what was their position?: The Tories achieved a significant victory in the 1710 British general election, winning 346 out of 558 seats and securing the first position with a majority, rallying under the banner of 'Church in Danger'.
  • What was the 'Church in Danger' slogan, and how did it benefit the Tory government formed in 1710?: The 'Church in Danger' slogan was used by the Tory government formed in 1710, led by Harley and Bolingbroke, to rally support. It capitalized on fears regarding the established Church, helping them secure a strong majority in the Parliament elected that year.

Following George I's accession, Tory representation in the 1715 British general election increased significantly, placing them in the leading position.

Answer: False

Following George I's accession, Tory representation in the 1715 British general election decreased significantly, falling to 217 out of 558 seats and placing them in the second position.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1715 British general election, and what was their position?: Following George I's accession, the Tories' representation fell to 217 out of 558 seats in the 1715 British general election, placing them in the second position as a minority party.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1685 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1685 English general election, the Tories secured 468 out of 513 seats, holding the first position with a clear majority, under the leadership of King James II of England.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the January 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.

Under William Pitt the Younger, the Tories secured a majority in the 1784 British general election.

Answer: True

Under William Pitt the Younger, the Tories secured a majority in the 1784 British general election, winning 280 out of 558 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1784 British general election, and what was their position?: Under William Pitt the Younger, the Tories won 280 out of 558 seats in the 1784 British general election, maintaining their first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1796 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1796 British general election, the Tories secured 424 out of 558 seats, holding the first position with a majority, under the leadership of William Pitt the Younger.

In the 1796 British general election, the Tories under William Pitt the Younger held the first position with a majority.

Answer: True

In the 1796 British general election, the Tories, led by William Pitt the Younger, held the first position with a substantial majority, securing 424 out of 558 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1796 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1796 British general election, the Tories secured 424 out of 558 seats, holding the first position with a majority, under the leadership of William Pitt the Younger.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1784 British general election, and what was their position?: Under William Pitt the Younger, the Tories won 280 out of 558 seats in the 1784 British general election, maintaining their first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the January 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.

The Tories, led by Henry Addington, won a majority in the 1802 United Kingdom general election.

Answer: True

The Tories, led by Henry Addington, secured a majority in the 1802 United Kingdom general election, winning 383 out of 658 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1802 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1802 United Kingdom general election, the Tories, led by Henry Addington, won 383 out of 658 seats, maintaining their first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1702 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1702 English general election, the Tories, led by the Earl of Godolphin and the Duke of Marlborough, won 298 out of 513 seats, securing the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1812 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Earl of Liverpool, won 400 out of 658 seats in the 1812 United Kingdom general election, retaining the first position with a majority.

The Tories, led by the Earl of Liverpool, won a majority in the 1812 United Kingdom general election.

Answer: True

The Tories, led by the Earl of Liverpool, secured a majority in the 1812 United Kingdom general election, winning 400 out of 658 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1812 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Earl of Liverpool, won 400 out of 658 seats in the 1812 United Kingdom general election, retaining the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1826 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1826 United Kingdom general election, the Tories secured 428 out of 658 seats, maintaining their first position with a majority under the leadership of the Earl of Liverpool.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington, won 250 out of 658 seats in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, holding the first position with a majority.

In the 1826 United Kingdom general election, the Tories secured a majority under the leadership of the Earl of Liverpool.

Answer: True

In the 1826 United Kingdom general election, the Tories, under the leadership of the Earl of Liverpool, secured a majority, winning 428 out of 658 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1826 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1826 United Kingdom general election, the Tories secured 428 out of 658 seats, maintaining their first position with a majority under the leadership of the Earl of Liverpool.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1812 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Earl of Liverpool, won 400 out of 658 seats in the 1812 United Kingdom general election, retaining the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington, won 250 out of 658 seats in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, holding the first position with a majority.

In the March 1679 English general election, the Tories held the first position with a clear majority.

Answer: False

In the March 1679 English general election, the Tories secured 137 out of 513 seats, placing them in the second position with a minority representation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1679 March English general election, and what was their position?: In the March 1679 English general election, the Tories won 137 out of 513 seats, placing them in the second position with a minority representation, a significant decrease from the previous election.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1689 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1689 English general election, the Tories won 232 out of 513 seats, moving to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1681 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.

In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured a majority, holding the first position.

Answer: False

In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1681 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1685 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1685 English general election, the Tories secured 468 out of 513 seats, holding the first position with a clear majority, under the leadership of King James II of England.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1689 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1689 English general election, the Tories won 232 out of 513 seats, moving to the second position with a minority representation.

In the 1689 English general election, the Tories moved to the first position with a majority representation.

Answer: False

In the 1689 English general election, the Tories won 232 out of 513 seats, moving to the second position with a minority representation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1689 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1689 English general election, the Tories won 232 out of 513 seats, moving to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1690 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1690 English general election, the Tories secured 243 out of 513 seats, regaining the first position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1685 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1685 English general election, the Tories secured 468 out of 513 seats, holding the first position with a clear majority, under the leadership of King James II of England.

In the 1690 English general election, the Tories regained the first position, although with a minority representation.

Answer: True

In the 1690 English general election, the Tories secured 243 out of 513 seats, regaining the first position with a minority representation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1690 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1690 English general election, the Tories secured 243 out of 513 seats, regaining the first position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1689 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1689 English general election, the Tories won 232 out of 513 seats, moving to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1681 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.

In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories moved to the first position with a minority representation.

Answer: True

In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the January 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the November 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the November 1701 English general election, the Tories secured 240 out of 513 seats, falling to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1761 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1761 British general election, the Tories secured 112 out of 558 seats, maintaining their position as the second-largest party with a minority representation.

In the November 1701 English general election, the Tories fell to the second position with a minority representation.

Answer: True

In the November 1701 English general election, the Tories secured 240 out of 513 seats, falling to the second position with a minority representation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the January 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the November 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the November 1701 English general election, the Tories secured 240 out of 513 seats, falling to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1761 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1761 British general election, the Tories secured 112 out of 558 seats, maintaining their position as the second-largest party with a minority representation.

In the 1702 English general election, the Tories secured the first position with a majority.

Answer: True

In the 1702 English general election, the Tories, led by figures like Godolphin and Marlborough, secured the first position with a majority, winning 298 out of 513 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1702 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1702 English general election, the Tories, led by the Earl of Godolphin and the Duke of Marlborough, won 298 out of 513 seats, securing the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1802 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1802 United Kingdom general election, the Tories, led by Henry Addington, won 383 out of 658 seats, maintaining their first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the January 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.

In the 1705 English general election, the Tories maintained the first position with a majority.

Answer: True

In the 1705 English general election, the Tories, led by the Duke of Marlborough, maintained the first position with a majority, winning 260 out of 513 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1705 English general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Duke of Marlborough, won 260 out of 513 seats in the 1705 English general election, maintaining the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1685 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1685 English general election, the Tories secured 468 out of 513 seats, holding the first position with a clear majority, under the leadership of King James II of England.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the January 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.

In the 1708 British general election, the Tories fell to the second position with a minority representation.

Answer: True

In the 1708 British general election, the Tories, led by the Earl of Godolphin, fell to the second position with a minority representation, winning 222 out of 558 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1708 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1708 British general election, the Tories, led by the Earl of Godolphin, won 222 out of 558 seats, falling to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1698 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1698 English general election, the Tories secured 208 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1715 British general election, and what was their position?: Following George I's accession, the Tories' representation fell to 217 out of 558 seats in the 1715 British general election, placing them in the second position as a minority party.

In the 1713 British general election, the Tories won a majority and negotiated the Treaty of Utrecht.

Answer: True

In the 1713 British general election, the Tories won a majority of 369 out of 558 seats and subsequently negotiated the Treaty of Utrecht.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1713 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1713 British general election, the Tories won 369 out of 558 seats, maintaining their first position with a majority, and negotiated the Treaty of Utrecht.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the January 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1747 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1747 British general election, the Tories won 117 out of 558 seats, remaining the second-largest party with a minority representation.

The Tories secured 112 out of 558 seats in the 1761 British general election, remaining the second-largest party.

Answer: True

The Tories secured 112 out of 558 seats in the 1761 British general election, maintaining their position as the second-largest party.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1761 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1761 British general election, the Tories secured 112 out of 558 seats, maintaining their position as the second-largest party with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1747 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1747 British general election, the Tories won 117 out of 558 seats, remaining the second-largest party with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1681 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.

In the 1780 British general election, the Tories, led by Lord North, won 260 out of 558 seats, retaining the first position with a majority.

Answer: True

In the 1780 British general election, the Tories, led by Lord North, won 260 out of 558 seats, retaining the first position with a majority.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1780 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1780 British general election, the Tories, led by Lord North, won 260 out of 558 seats, retaining the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1708 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1708 British general election, the Tories, led by the Earl of Godolphin, won 222 out of 558 seats, falling to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1784 British general election, and what was their position?: Under William Pitt the Younger, the Tories won 280 out of 558 seats in the 1784 British general election, maintaining their first position with a majority.

In the 1830 United Kingdom general election, what was the position of the Tories led by the Duke of Wellington?

Answer: They held a majority position as the leading party.

In the 1830 United Kingdom general election, the Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington, secured a majority, holding 250 out of 658 seats and thus maintaining their position as the leading party.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1830 United Kingdom general election, the Tories secured 250 seats out of 658, maintaining their position as the leading party with a majority, under the leadership of the Duke of Wellington.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington, won 250 out of 658 seats in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, holding the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1831 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1831 United Kingdom general election, the Tories' representation dropped to 235 seats out of 658. They moved from a majority position to becoming the second-largest party, largely due to their opposition to electoral reform.

What was the primary reason for the significant drop in Tory representation in the 1831 general election?

Answer: Their opposition to electoral reform, which led to them becoming the second-largest party.

The Tories' strong opposition to the electoral reform movement resulted in a significant decline in their parliamentary representation in the 1831 general election, moving them to the status of the second-largest party.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1831 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1831 United Kingdom general election, the Tories' representation dropped to 235 seats out of 658. They moved from a majority position to becoming the second-largest party, largely due to their opposition to electoral reform.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1832 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: Following the Representation of the People Act 1832, the Tories were reduced to 175 seats out of 658 in the 1832 general election, remaining the second-largest party.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1830 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1830 United Kingdom general election, the Tories secured 250 seats out of 658, maintaining their position as the leading party with a majority, under the leadership of the Duke of Wellington.

Which of the following best describes the Tories' electoral performance in the 1685 English general election?

Answer: They won a substantial majority, holding 468 out of 513 seats.

The Tories achieved a commanding victory in the 1685 English general election, securing 468 out of 513 seats and thus holding a substantial majority.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1685 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1685 English general election, the Tories secured 468 out of 513 seats, holding the first position with a clear majority, under the leadership of King James II of England.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1681 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1695 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1695 English general election, the Tories won 203 out of 513 seats, falling to the second position with a minority representation.

The Tories achieved a significant victory in the 1710 British general election, rallying under which slogan?

Answer: 'Church in Danger'

The Tories' significant electoral victory in the 1710 British general election was achieved under the potent slogan 'Church in Danger.'

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1710 British general election, and what was their position?: The Tories achieved a significant victory in the 1710 British general election, winning 346 out of 558 seats and securing the first position with a majority, rallying under the banner of 'Church in Danger'.
  • What was the 'Church in Danger' slogan, and how did it benefit the Tory government formed in 1710?: The 'Church in Danger' slogan was used by the Tory government formed in 1710, led by Harley and Bolingbroke, to rally support. It capitalized on fears regarding the established Church, helping them secure a strong majority in the Parliament elected that year.

What was the main reason for the Tories' electoral decline following the Representation of the People Act 1832?

Answer: The abolition of many 'rotten boroughs' that were often controlled by Tories.

The Representation of the People Act 1832 led to a significant electoral decline for the Tories primarily due to the abolition of numerous 'rotten boroughs,' which had historically served as strongholds for Tory representation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1832 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: Following the Representation of the People Act 1832, the Tories were reduced to 175 seats out of 658 in the 1832 general election, remaining the second-largest party.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1831 United Kingdom general election, and what was their position?: In the 1831 United Kingdom general election, the Tories' representation dropped to 235 seats out of 658. They moved from a majority position to becoming the second-largest party, largely due to their opposition to electoral reform.
  • What was the outcome of the 1832 general election for the Tories, and what legislation contributed to this result?: Following the Representation of the People Act 1832, which abolished many 'rotten boroughs' often controlled by Tories, the party's representation was significantly reduced. In the 1832 elections, they were diminished to 175 Members of Parliament.

Which of the following best describes the Tories' electoral performance in the 1708 British general election?

Answer: They fell to the second position with a minority representation, winning 222 seats.

In the 1708 British general election, the Tories experienced a decline, falling to the second position with a minority representation of 222 out of 558 seats.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1708 British general election, and what was their position?: In the 1708 British general election, the Tories, led by the Earl of Godolphin, won 222 out of 558 seats, falling to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1705 English general election, and what was their position?: The Tories, led by the Duke of Marlborough, won 260 out of 513 seats in the 1705 English general election, maintaining the first position with a majority.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the January 1701 English general election, and what was their position?: In the January 1701 English general election, the Tories won 249 out of 513 seats, moving to the first position with a minority representation.

In the 1681 English general election, what was the Tories' position in Parliament?

Answer: Second position with a minority representation.

In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, positioning them in second place with a minority representation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1681 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1681 English general election, the Tories secured 193 out of 513 seats, remaining in the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1689 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1689 English general election, the Tories won 232 out of 513 seats, moving to the second position with a minority representation.
  • What was the Tories' electoral performance in the 1685 English general election, and what was their position?: In the 1685 English general election, the Tories secured 468 out of 513 seats, holding the first position with a clear majority, under the leadership of King James II of England.

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