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Total Categories: 6
Transdisciplinarity is defined as an approach that exclusively integrates knowledge systems and methodologies within academic disciplines.
Answer: False
Transdisciplinarity is characterized by the integration of knowledge systems, methodologies, and expertise that bridge academic disciplines and extend beyond them to include community perspectives, rather than being confined exclusively within academic disciplines.
The primary goal of transdisciplinary research is to focus solely on research efforts that stay strictly within the boundaries of a single academic discipline.
Answer: False
The primary objective of transdisciplinary research is to address problems that transcend the boundaries of multiple academic disciplines, often involving the integration of social knowledge and practical expertise, rather than remaining confined within a single discipline.
Jean Piaget introduced the interpretation of transdisciplinarity signifying a unity of knowledge beyond individual academic disciplines in 1970.
Answer: True
Jean Piaget introduced the interpretation of transdisciplinarity signifying a unity of knowledge that extends beyond the confines of individual academic disciplines in 1970.
A critical characteristic of transdisciplinary research is the passive observation of societal involvement without direct participation.
Answer: False
A critical characteristic of transdisciplinary research is the active inclusion of societal partners in the knowledge co-creation process, rather than passive observation, to ensure relevance and impact.
The core principle of transdisciplinarity is to isolate knowledge within specialized academic fields.
Answer: False
The core principle of transdisciplinarity is the iterative integration of diverse knowledge systems and expertise from academic and community contexts, aiming to bridge disciplinary boundaries, not to isolate knowledge.
Transdisciplinarity involves societal partners directly in the knowledge co-creation process.
Answer: True
Transdisciplinarity actively involves societal partners directly in the knowledge co-creation process, bridging academic research with practical, real-world expertise to develop solutions with tangible societal benefits.
Basarab Nicolescu believes the ultimate goal of transdisciplinarity is to achieve understanding within the confines of traditional disciplinary research.
Answer: False
Basarab Nicolescu posits that the ultimate goal of transdisciplinarity is to achieve an understanding of the present world, a feat he argues cannot be fully accomplished solely within the framework of traditional disciplinary research.
The concept of 'unity of knowledge' suggests that transdisciplinarity seeks to fragment knowledge into isolated disciplines.
Answer: False
The concept of 'unity of knowledge' in transdisciplinarity implies that it seeks connections and coherence across different fields of study, moving beyond the fragmentation of knowledge into isolated disciplines.
Transdisciplinarity aims to develop transformative outcomes that address complex societal challenges through inclusive collaborations.
Answer: True
Transdisciplinarity aims to develop transformative outcomes by addressing complex societal challenges through inclusive collaborations that bridge academic disciplines and community perspectives.
Transdisciplinarity extends beyond academia by actively involving societal partners in co-creating knowledge.
Answer: True
Transdisciplinarity extends beyond academia by actively involving societal partners in the knowledge co-creation process, thereby bridging academic research with practical, real-world expertise.
Transdisciplinarity requires researchers to confront the complexity of problems and link abstract knowledge with case-specific insights.
Answer: True
Transdisciplinarity necessitates that researchers confront the inherent complexity of problems and effectively link abstract knowledge with case-specific insights to develop relevant and impactful solutions.
Which of the following best defines transdisciplinarity?
Answer: An approach that iteratively interweaves knowledge systems, skills, and methodologies through collaborations bridging academic disciplines and community perspectives.
Transdisciplinarity is best defined as an approach that iteratively interweaves knowledge systems, skills, and methodologies through collaborations bridging academic disciplines and community perspectives, aiming for transformative outcomes.
What is a primary goal of transdisciplinary research?
Answer: To develop solutions with direct societal impact by including social knowledge and crossing disciplinary boundaries.
A primary goal of transdisciplinary research is to develop solutions with direct societal impact by including social knowledge and crossing disciplinary boundaries, addressing problems that transcend the scope of single disciplines.
Who first introduced the interpretation of transdisciplinarity signifying a unity of knowledge beyond individual academic disciplines?
Answer: Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget first introduced the interpretation of transdisciplinarity signifying a unity of knowledge beyond individual academic disciplines in 1970.
What is a critical characteristic of transdisciplinary research concerning societal involvement?
Answer: Active inclusion of stakeholders in defining research objectives and strategies.
A critical characteristic of transdisciplinary research is the active inclusion of stakeholders in defining research objectives and strategies, ensuring that knowledge co-creation bridges academic research with practical, real-world expertise.
What is the core principle driving the transdisciplinary approach?
Answer: Iterative integration of diverse knowledge systems and expertise from academic and community contexts.
The core principle driving the transdisciplinary approach is the iterative integration of diverse knowledge systems, skills, and expertise from both academic disciplines and community contexts to address complex societal issues.
How does transdisciplinarity actively engage non-academic participants?
Answer: By involving them directly in the knowledge co-creation process.
Transdisciplinarity actively engages non-academic participants by involving them directly in the knowledge co-creation process, bridging academic research with practical, real-world expertise.
What does Basarab Nicolescu state as the ultimate goal of transdisciplinarity?
Answer: To achieve an understanding of the present world, which cannot be fully accomplished solely within traditional disciplinary research.
Basarab Nicolescu states that the ultimate goal of transdisciplinarity is to achieve an understanding of the present world, a feat he argues cannot be fully accomplished solely within the confines of traditional disciplinary research.
What does the concept of 'unity of knowledge' imply in transdisciplinarity?
Answer: Transdisciplinarity seeks connections and coherence across different fields of study.
The concept of 'unity of knowledge' in transdisciplinarity implies that it seeks connections and coherence across different fields of study, moving beyond the fragmentation of knowledge into isolated disciplines.
How does transdisciplinarity address the inherent complexity of problems?
Answer: By requiring researchers to confront complexity and link abstract knowledge with case-specific insights.
Transdisciplinarity addresses the inherent complexity of problems by requiring researchers to confront this complexity and link abstract knowledge with case-specific insights, fostering a more nuanced understanding and effective solutions.
Interdisciplinarity involves studying a subject from multiple disciplines while maintaining their distinct identities.
Answer: False
Interdisciplinarity involves the integration of perspectives from different disciplines to create a synergistic outcome. Multidisciplinarity, conversely, involves studying a subject from multiple disciplines while maintaining their distinct identities.
The International Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CIRET) views transdisciplinarity as merely an extension of interdisciplinarity.
Answer: False
CIRET distinguishes transdisciplinarity from interdisciplinarity by emphasizing its focus on that which operates 'between,' 'across,' and 'beyond' individual disciplines, rather than viewing it as merely an extension or solely focused on method transfer.
Nicolescu views transdisciplinarity as contradictory to disciplinary, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary research.
Answer: False
Nicolescu views transdisciplinarity as complementary, not contradictory, to disciplinary, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary research, suggesting that all approaches contribute to a more complete understanding.
CIRET's perspective distinguishes transdisciplinarity by its focus on that which operates 'between,' 'across,' and 'beyond' individual disciplines.
Answer: True
CIRET's perspective distinguishes transdisciplinarity by its focus on that which operates 'between,' 'across,' and 'beyond' individual disciplines, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of the world, unlike interdisciplinarity's primary focus on method transfer.
CIRET views transdisciplinarity as primarily involving the transfer of methods between disciplines.
Answer: False
CIRET views transdisciplinarity as addressing that which exists 'between,' 'across,' and 'beyond' individual disciplines, distinguishing it from interdisciplinarity, which primarily involves the transfer of methods between disciplines.
How does transdisciplinarity differ from multidisciplinarity?
Answer: Multidisciplinarity studies a subject from multiple disciplines while maintaining their distinct identities.
Multidisciplinarity involves studying a subject from multiple disciplines while maintaining their distinct identities. Transdisciplinarity, in contrast, integrates perspectives to create synergy and extends beyond academia by involving societal partners in knowledge co-creation.
How does CIRET distinguish transdisciplinarity from interdisciplinarity?
Answer: CIRET views transdisciplinarity as addressing that which exists 'between,' 'across,' and 'beyond' individual disciplines, unlike interdisciplinarity's focus on method transfer.
CIRET distinguishes transdisciplinarity by its focus on that which operates 'between,' 'across,' and 'beyond' individual disciplines, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of the world. This contrasts with interdisciplinarity's primary focus on the transfer of methods between disciplines.
How does Nicolescu view the relationship between transdisciplinarity and other research approaches?
Answer: Transdisciplinarity is complementary to disciplinary, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary research.
Nicolescu views transdisciplinarity as complementary, not contradictory, to disciplinary, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary research, suggesting that all approaches contribute to a more complete understanding of the world.
According to the Belmont Forum, a transdisciplinary approach enables inputs and scoping across scientific stakeholder communities only.
Answer: False
The Belmont Forum posits that a transdisciplinary approach facilitates inputs and scoping across both scientific and non-scientific stakeholder communities, emphasizing its role in systemic problem-solving and capacity building.
In German-speaking countries, 'Transdisziplinarität' refers specifically to the integration of methods used only within academic research.
Answer: False
In German-speaking contexts, 'Transdisziplinarität' signifies the integration of diverse approaches and methods for relating knowledge within problem-solving contexts, extending beyond purely academic research.
According to the German usage perspective, transdisciplinarity can help determine the causes of present problems and their future development, which is termed 'target knowledge'.
Answer: False
According to the German usage perspective, determining the causes of present problems and their future development is termed 'system knowledge.' 'Target knowledge' pertains to identifying values and norms for problem-solving, and 'transformation knowledge' relates to improving problematic situations.
Basarab Nicolescu proposed 'complexity' as one of his three methodological postulates for transdisciplinarity.
Answer: True
Basarab Nicolescu's framework for transdisciplinarity is underpinned by three methodological postulates: the existence of levels of Reality, the logic of the included middle, and complexity.
According to Nicolescu, the space between and beyond disciplines becomes less informative when multiple levels of Reality are considered.
Answer: False
According to Nicolescu, when multiple levels of Reality are considered, the space between and beyond disciplines becomes rich with information, offering new insights that disciplinary research alone might not capture.
Pablo Tigani describes a transdisciplinary executive as someone who focuses solely on specialized knowledge within a single field.
Answer: False
Pablo Tigani describes a transdisciplinary executive not as someone focused solely on specialized knowledge, but as an individual who integrates knowledge from various sciences to solve problems comprehensively, ensuring all aspects of an issue are addressed.
Niko Tinbergen's four questions are used to illustrate transdisciplinarity by mapping them against different levels of analysis, from molecule to society.
Answer: True
Niko Tinbergen's four questions (causation, ontogeny, adaptation, phylogeny) serve as a framework to illustrate transdisciplinarity in human sciences by mapping them against various levels of analysis, from molecular to societal.
Gerhard Medicus developed a framework that maps Tinbergen's questions against levels of analysis to systematically organize results from all human sciences.
Answer: True
Gerhard Medicus developed a 'scheme of transdisciplinarity' that maps Tinbergen's questions against different levels of analysis, aiming to systematically organize and network results from all human sciences as a foundation for a unified theory.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is cited as a modern example of integrating diverse sciences in a transdisciplinary manner within the human sciences.
Answer: False
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is cited as a historical example, rather than a modern one, of integrating diverse sciences within the human sciences, particularly in his efforts to establish a universal system of justice.
System knowledge, in the German transdisciplinary framework, pertains to identifying values and norms for problem-solving.
Answer: False
In the German transdisciplinary framework, 'system knowledge' pertains to understanding the causes of present problems and their future development. 'Target knowledge' relates to identifying values and norms for problem-solving.
Transformation knowledge relates to understanding how a problematic situation can be effectively transformed and improved.
Answer: True
Transformation knowledge, within the German transdisciplinary framework, relates to understanding how a problematic situation can be effectively transformed and improved, representing the practical application of insights gained.
The Belmont Forum emphasizes the importance of supporting capacity building for the successful implementation of transdisciplinary research actions.
Answer: True
The Belmont Forum emphasizes that supporting capacity building initiatives is crucial for the successful formulation and practical implementation of transdisciplinary research actions.
The Belmont Forum suggests that transdisciplinarity supports capacity building for the formulation and implementation of research actions.
Answer: True
The Belmont Forum suggests that transdisciplinarity supports capacity building, which is essential for both the formulation and the practical implementation of transdisciplinary research actions.
In German-speaking countries, 'Transdisziplinarität' involves relating knowledge specifically within purely theoretical problem-solving contexts.
Answer: False
In German-speaking countries, 'Transdisziplinarität' involves relating knowledge within problem-solving contexts, integrating diverse approaches, rather than being confined to purely theoretical applications.
According to the German usage perspective, 'transformation knowledge' guides the problem-solving process by defining values and norms.
Answer: False
According to the German usage perspective, 'target knowledge' guides the problem-solving process by defining values and norms. 'Transformation knowledge' relates to understanding how to effectively transform and improve a problematic situation.
Basarab Nicolescu's framework includes the logic of the included middle as a key postulate.
Answer: True
Basarab Nicolescu's framework for transdisciplinarity includes three key methodological postulates: the existence of levels of Reality, the logic of the included middle, and complexity.
Gerhard Medicus's scheme aims to network results from all human sciences as a foundation for a unified theory.
Answer: True
Gerhard Medicus's scheme of transdisciplinarity aims to systematically organize and network results from all human sciences, serving as a foundation for a unified theory.
The 'bio-psycho-social' orientation framework is derived from mapping biological research questions against various levels of analysis.
Answer: True
The 'bio-psycho-social' orientation framework is derived from mapping research questions, such as those in biology, against various levels of analysis, contributing to a comprehensive theory of human sciences.
According to the Belmont Forum, what does a transdisciplinary approach facilitate?
Answer: Inputs and scoping across both scientific and non-scientific stakeholder communities.
According to the Belmont Forum, a transdisciplinary approach facilitates inputs and scoping across both scientific and non-scientific stakeholder communities, supporting systemic problem-solving and capacity building.
In German-speaking countries, 'Transdisziplinarität' emphasizes:
Answer: The integration of diverse approaches and relating knowledge within problem-solving contexts.
In German-speaking countries, 'Transdisziplinarität' emphasizes the integration of diverse approaches and the relating of knowledge within problem-solving contexts, extending beyond purely academic or theoretical confines.
Which type of knowledge, according to the German usage perspective, relates to understanding the causes of present problems and their future development?
Answer: System knowledge
According to the German usage perspective, 'system knowledge' relates to understanding the causes of present problems and their future development. 'Target knowledge' concerns values and norms, and 'transformation knowledge' concerns improvement.
Which of the following is NOT one of Basarab Nicolescu's three methodological postulates for transdisciplinarity?
Answer: The separation of disciplines
Basarab Nicolescu's three methodological postulates for transdisciplinarity are the existence of levels of Reality, the logic of the included middle, and complexity. The separation of disciplines is contrary to the transdisciplinary ethos.
According to Nicolescu, what happens to the space between and beyond disciplines when multiple levels of Reality are considered?
Answer: It becomes rich with information.
According to Nicolescu, when multiple levels of Reality are considered, the space between and beyond disciplines becomes rich with information, offering new insights and connections.
What does Pablo Tigani's concept of a 'transdisciplinary executive' entail?
Answer: An executive who integrates knowledge from various sciences to solve problems comprehensively.
Pablo Tigani's concept of a 'transdisciplinary executive' entails an individual who integrates knowledge from various sciences to solve problems comprehensively, ensuring all aspects of an issue are addressed.
How can Niko Tinbergen's four questions be used to illustrate transdisciplinarity in human sciences?
Answer: By mapping them against different levels of analysis, from molecule to society.
Niko Tinbergen's four questions can illustrate transdisciplinarity in human sciences by mapping them against different levels of analysis, from molecule to society, thereby interweaving various disciplines and their findings.
What is the purpose of Gerhard Medicus's 'scheme of transdisciplinarity'?
Answer: To map Tinbergen's questions against levels of analysis to organize results from all human sciences.
The purpose of Gerhard Medicus's 'scheme of transdisciplinarity' is to map Tinbergen's questions against levels of analysis, thereby systematically organizing and networking results from all human sciences as a foundation for a unified theory.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is cited as a historical example of transdisciplinarity within the human sciences for what reason?
Answer: For his efforts to establish a universal system of justice by mixing diverse sciences.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is cited as a historical example of transdisciplinarity within the human sciences for his efforts in the seventeenth-eighteenth centuries to establish a universal system of justice by mixing diverse sciences.
In the German transdisciplinary framework, what does 'target knowledge' pertain to?
Answer: Identifying the values and norms that can guide the problem-solving process.
In the German transdisciplinary framework, 'target knowledge' pertains to identifying the values and norms that can guide the problem-solving process, distinguishing it from 'system knowledge' (causes/development) and 'transformation knowledge' (improvement).
What does the Belmont Forum emphasize regarding the implementation of transdisciplinary research?
Answer: Supporting capacity building initiatives.
The Belmont Forum emphasizes the importance of supporting capacity building initiatives as crucial for the successful formulation and practical implementation of transdisciplinary research actions.
Bioinformatics is cited as an example that illustrates transdisciplinary research.
Answer: True
Bioinformatics, an information system for biomedical research, is frequently cited as a prime example of transdisciplinary research, demonstrating the integration of computational science, biology, and medicine.
Javier Collado's transdisciplinary approach to Big History aims to merge scientific knowledge with the ancestral wisdom of indigenous peoples.
Answer: True
Javier Collado's transdisciplinary approach to Big History seeks to merge scientific knowledge with the ancestral wisdom of indigenous peoples, aiming to understand the intricate connections between humanity and the cosmos.
Transdisciplinary education aims to construct new knowledge and elevate learners' cognitive abilities.
Answer: True
Transdisciplinary education aims to harmonize and integrate different disciplines to construct new knowledge, elevate learners' cognitive abilities, and foster sustained learning and skills development.
Global Education Magazine highlights transdisciplinarity's potential to foster critical consciousness and promote global standards of respect.
Answer: True
Global Education Magazine emphasizes transdisciplinarity's potential to foster critical consciousness, promote global standards of respect and cooperation, and recognize the value of cultural diversity as a creative societal asset.
The University of Zurich's School for Transdisciplinary Study is mentioned as an institution implementing transdisciplinary programs.
Answer: True
Several institutions are mentioned as implementing transdisciplinary programs, including the School for Transdisciplinary Study at the University of Zurich, alongside others like University College London and the University of Hong Kong.
In the arts and humanities, transdisciplinarity is evident in initiatives exploring the convergence of art, science, technology, and consciousness.
Answer: True
Within the arts and humanities, transdisciplinarity manifests in initiatives such as the Planetary Collegium, which explores the convergence of art, science, technology, and consciousness research.
Transdisciplinarity is recognized in health science for its potential to enhance effectiveness and efficiency by integrating diverse expertise.
Answer: True
In health science, transdisciplinarity is recognized for its potential to enhance effectiveness and efficiency by integrating diverse expertise, promoting holistic approaches that connect ecosystem health with human health.
Javier Collado's research integrates mystical and spiritual experiences into the study of Big History.
Answer: True
Javier Collado's research on Big History integrates scientific knowledge with the ancestral wisdom of indigenous peoples, notably incorporating dimensions such as mystical and spiritual experiences.
Ethnography is mentioned as a method that originated in a specific discipline and is now widely applied across others, illustrating transdisciplinarity.
Answer: True
Ethnography, a method originating in anthropology, is cited as an example that illustrates transdisciplinarity due to its wide application across various disciplines, demonstrating the cross-pollination of methodologies.
Transdisciplinary education aims to harmonize and integrate different disciplines to construct new knowledge.
Answer: True
Transdisciplinary education aims to harmonize and integrate different disciplines not only to construct new knowledge but also to elevate learners' cognitive abilities and foster sustained learning.
The Planetary Collegium explores the convergence of art, science, technology, and consciousness research.
Answer: True
The Planetary Collegium is an initiative that explores the convergence of art, science, technology, and consciousness research, exemplifying transdisciplinarity in the arts and humanities.
Which of the following is cited as an example of transdisciplinary research?
Answer: Bioinformatics, an information system for biomedical research.
Bioinformatics, an information system for biomedical research, is cited as an example that illustrates transdisciplinary research, integrating computational science, biology, and medicine.
What is a key aspect of Javier Collado's transdisciplinary approach to Big History?
Answer: Merging scientific knowledge with the ancestral wisdom of indigenous peoples.
A key aspect of Javier Collado's transdisciplinary approach to Big History is the merging of scientific knowledge with the ancestral wisdom of indigenous peoples, aiming for a holistic understanding of the cosmos and humanity's place within it.
What is the goal of transdisciplinary education?
Answer: To construct new knowledge, elevate cognitive abilities, and foster sustained learning.
The goal of transdisciplinary education is to harmonize and integrate different disciplines to construct new knowledge, elevate learners' cognitive abilities, and foster sustained learning and skills development.
How does Global Education Magazine view the role of cultural diversity in transdisciplinary education?
Answer: As the creative potential of global society, analogous to biodiversity.
Global Education Magazine views cultural diversity as the creative potential of global society, analogous to biodiversity, and essential for fostering critical consciousness and promoting global standards of respect in transdisciplinary education.
In the arts and humanities, what does the Planetary Collegium explore?
Answer: The convergence of art, science, technology, and consciousness.
In the arts and humanities, the Planetary Collegium explores the convergence of art, science, technology, and consciousness research, representing a transdisciplinary approach in these fields.
What is the significance of transdisciplinarity in health science research?
Answer: It promotes integrating diverse expertise to create holistic approaches connecting ecosystem and human health.
In health science research, transdisciplinarity is significant for its potential to enhance effectiveness and efficiency by promoting integrated, holistic approaches that connect ecosystem health with human health.
Strong skills in moderation, mediation, and transfer are considered essential for researchers engaging in transdisciplinary work.
Answer: True
Beyond deep disciplinary knowledge, researchers engaging in transdisciplinary work require strong skills in moderation, mediation, association, and transfer to effectively navigate diverse perspectives and complex challenges.
The 'incommensurability of specialized languages' presents a challenge in transdisciplinarity due to the ease of communication between different fields.
Answer: False
The 'incommensurability of specialized languages' presents a significant challenge in transdisciplinarity, as differences in terminology can impede open discussion and dialogue between experts from diverse fields.
Deep knowledge in involved disciplines is less important than moderation skills in transdisciplinary work.
Answer: False
While strong moderation and mediation skills are essential for transdisciplinary work, deep knowledge in involved disciplines remains critically important for effective collaboration and knowledge integration.
Which skills are crucial for researchers in transdisciplinary work, alongside deep disciplinary knowledge?
Answer: Skills in moderation, mediation, association, and transfer.
Alongside deep disciplinary knowledge, crucial skills for researchers in transdisciplinary work include moderation, mediation, association, and transfer, which are essential for navigating complexity and fostering collaboration.
What challenge does the 'incommensurability of specialized languages' pose in transdisciplinarity?
Answer: It makes open discussion and dialogue difficult due to differences in terminology.
The 'incommensurability of specialized languages' poses a challenge in transdisciplinarity by making open discussion and dialogue difficult due to the significant differences in terminology across fields.
A key outcome of the 2003 conference at the University of Göttingen was the elimination of existing usages of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity.
Answer: False
The 2003 conference at the University of Göttingen highlighted the varied meanings of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity and proposed suggestions for converging these concepts, rather than eliminating their existing usages.
Transdisciplinarity is a consolidated academic field particularly in North America and Europe.
Answer: False
While transdisciplinarity is gaining traction globally, it is currently considered a more consolidated academic field particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, where it fosters new applied research, rather than primarily in North America and Europe.
The 2003 Göttingen conference aimed to establish a single, unified definition for multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity.
Answer: False
The 2003 Göttingen conference aimed to propose suggestions for converging the concepts of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity, rather than establishing a single, unified definition or eliminating existing usages.
Transdisciplinarity is a consolidated academic field particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Answer: True
Transdisciplinarity is indeed considered a consolidated academic field, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, where it is fostering new applied research initiatives.
The Charter of Transdisciplinarity was adopted in 1994 by CIRET.
Answer: True
The Charter of Transdisciplinarity, a significant document formalizing the approach, was adopted in 1994 by CIRET (International Center for Transdisciplinary Research).
What was a key suggestion from the 2003 Göttingen conference regarding the concepts of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity?
Answer: To propose suggestions for converging these concepts without eliminating their existing usages.
A key suggestion from the 2003 Göttingen conference was to propose ways of converging the concepts of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinarity, acknowledging their varied usages without aiming for their elimination.
In which geographical regions is transdisciplinarity currently considered a consolidated academic field?
Answer: Latin America and the Caribbean
Transdisciplinarity is currently considered a consolidated academic field particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, where it is fostering new applied research initiatives.