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Upper Tanana, known natively as Nee'aaneegn', is classified as a critically endangered Athabaskan language.
Answer: True
The source identifies Upper Tanana by its native name, Nee'aaneegn', classifies it as an Athabaskan language, and notes its critically endangered status.
Nabesna and Tabesna are alternative indigenous names for the Upper Tanana language.
Answer: False
While Nabesna is an alternative name for Upper Tanana, Tabesna is not mentioned as such in the provided source material.
Upper Tanana and Tanacross languages are completely mutually unintelligible.
Answer: False
The source states that Upper Tanana and Tanacross languages exhibit near mutual-intelligibility, indicating a degree of shared understanding.
The language family classification for Upper Tanana includes the Athabaskan branch of the Na-Dené family.
Answer: True
The source confirms that Upper Tanana is classified within the Athabaskan branch, which is part of the larger Na-Dené language family.
The ISO 639-3 code for Upper Tanana is 'tan'.
Answer: False
The ISO 639-3 code designated for the Upper Tanana language is 'tau', not 'tan'.
Upper Tanana is listed with the Glottolog identifier 'uppe1437'.
Answer: True
The source confirms that the Glottolog identifier assigned to the Upper Tanana language is indeed 'uppe1437'.
Upper Tanana is categorized under the 'Southern Alaskan' subgroup of Northern Athabaskan languages.
Answer: False
According to the provided classification structure, Upper Tanana belongs to the 'Central Alaska–Yukon' subgroup of Northern Athabaskan languages, not the 'Southern Alaskan' subgroup.
What is the native name for the Upper Tanana language?
Answer: Nee'aaneegn'
The native name for the Upper Tanana language, as provided in the source, is Nee'aaneegn'.
What linguistic family does Upper Tanana belong to?
Answer: Na-Dené
Upper Tanana is classified as belonging to the Na-Dené language family, specifically within the Athabaskan branch.
What is the ISO 639-3 code designated for the Upper Tanana language?
Answer: tau
The ISO 639-3 code assigned to the Upper Tanana language is 'tau'.
What is the relationship between Upper Tanana and Tanacross regarding understanding?
Answer: They have near mutual-intelligibility.
The source indicates that Upper Tanana and Tanacross languages possess near mutual-intelligibility, meaning speakers can understand each other to a considerable extent.
What is the Glottolog identifier for the Upper Tanana language?
Answer: uppe1437
The Glottolog identifier assigned to the Upper Tanana language is 'uppe1437'.
What does the term 'near mutual-intelligibility' imply about Upper Tanana and Tanacross?
Answer: Speakers can understand most of what the other says, despite differences.
The term 'near mutual-intelligibility' suggests that speakers of Upper Tanana and Tanacross can comprehend a significant portion of each other's speech, notwithstanding existing linguistic variations.
Which group of Athabaskan languages does Upper Tanana belong to according to the navbox structure mentioned?
Answer: Central Alaska–Yukon
Within the Northern Athabaskan language classification structure, Upper Tanana is placed in the 'Central Alaska–Yukon' subgroup.
The Upper Tanana language is primarily spoken in southern Alaska, near the border with Canada.
Answer: False
The source indicates that Upper Tanana is primarily spoken in eastern Interior Alaska, not southern Alaska.
Northway and Tetlin in Alaska, along with Beaver Creek in Yukon, are currently considered the main centers for Upper Tanana speakers.
Answer: True
The source explicitly lists Northway and Tetlin in Alaska, and Beaver Creek in Yukon, as the primary communities where Upper Tanana speakers are concentrated.
The Upper Tanana language is geographically associated with the western Interior Alaska region, far from the Canadian border.
Answer: False
The source specifies that Upper Tanana is associated with the eastern Interior Alaska region, which is proximate to the Canadian border, not the western region.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary community for Upper Tanana speakers?
Answer: Tok, Alaska
While Northway and Tetlin are listed as primary communities and Beaver Creek in Yukon is mentioned, Tok, Alaska is not explicitly listed as a primary community for Upper Tanana speakers in the source's primary community list.
In which geographical region is the Upper Tanana language primarily spoken?
Answer: Eastern Interior Alaska
The Upper Tanana language is primarily spoken in the geographical region of eastern Interior Alaska.
At the start of the 21st century, Upper Tanana was actively being acquired by children, ensuring its long-term viability.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, the source indicates that at the beginning of the 21st century, Upper Tanana was no longer being acquired by children, signifying a critical threat to its long-term viability.
UNESCO classifies Upper Tanana as 'Vulnerable'.
Answer: False
UNESCO classifies Upper Tanana as 'Critically Endangered', a more severe level of endangerment than 'Vulnerable'.
The dagger symbol (†) in the 'Languages of Alaska' navbox indicates languages that are extinct.
Answer: True
The source explains that the dagger symbol (†) used in the 'Languages of Alaska' navigation box signifies that a language is considered extinct.
According to the source, what is the approximate number of Upper Tanana speakers at the beginning of the 21st century?
Answer: Approximately 100
The source indicates that at the commencement of the 21st century, there were approximately 100 speakers of the Upper Tanana language.
What does the UNESCO classification 'Critically Endangered' imply for the Upper Tanana language?
Answer: It faces an extremely high risk of extinction.
The UNESCO classification 'Critically Endangered' signifies that the Upper Tanana language is at an extremely high risk of extinction, with very limited speaker transmission.
What does the source suggest about the acquisition of Upper Tanana by children?
Answer: It is no longer being acquired by children.
The source indicates that the acquisition of Upper Tanana by children has ceased, which is a critical factor in its endangered status.
The classification of Upper Tanana as 'Critically Endangered' by UNESCO suggests:
Answer: The language has few speakers and is at high risk of disappearing.
The UNESCO classification 'Critically Endangered' indicates that the Upper Tanana language has a very limited number of speakers and faces a severe risk of extinction.
A key phonological difference between Upper Tanana and Tanacross is the tone associated with the reflex of Proto-Athabaskan constriction.
Answer: True
The source highlights that a significant phonological distinction between Upper Tanana and Tanacross lies in the tonal realization of the reflex of Proto-Athabaskan constriction, with Upper Tanana exhibiting a low tone and Tanacross a high tone.
Upper Tanana phonology is identical to Proto-Athabaskan, showing no significant changes.
Answer: False
The source indicates that Upper Tanana phonology has undergone significant changes from Proto-Athabaskan, including the development of diphthongs and specific tonal reflexes.
Upper Tanana consonants are categorized only by place of articulation, not by manner.
Answer: False
The source indicates that Upper Tanana consonants are categorized by both place of articulation (e.g., bilabial, alveolar) and manner of articulation (e.g., plosive, fricative, ejective).
Aspirated and ejective consonants are found within the plosive and affricate categories in Upper Tanana.
Answer: True
The source confirms that aspirated and ejective consonants are indeed present within the plosive and affricate consonant categories in Upper Tanana phonology.
All sonorant consonants in Upper Tanana are voiceless.
Answer: False
The source indicates that while some sonorant consonants in Upper Tanana are voiceless (e.g., n̥), others are voiced (e.g., m, n, l, j).
The Upper Tanana vowel system includes front, central, and back vowels, some with long versions.
Answer: True
The source describes the Upper Tanana vowel system as encompassing front, central, and back vowels, with certain vowels also existing in long forms.
Upper Tanana uses only three distinct tones: high, low, and falling.
Answer: False
The source specifies that Upper Tanana utilizes five distinct tones: low, high, falling, rising, and extra-high.
What significant phonological change occurred in Upper Tanana due to the loss of final consonants?
Answer: Development of diphthongs
The source identifies the development of diphthongs as a significant phonological change in Upper Tanana that resulted from the loss of final consonants.
The development of diphthongs in Upper Tanana is linked to which phonological process?
Answer: The loss of final consonants
According to the source, the phonological process of diphthong development in Upper Tanana is directly linked to the loss of final consonants.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a feature of Upper Tanana plosive and affricate consonants?
Answer: Nasalization
The source details aspiration, ejection, and voicelessness as features of Upper Tanana plosive and affricate consonants, but nasalization is not listed as such a feature for these consonant types.
How many distinct tones are utilized in the Upper Tanana language?
Answer: Five
The Upper Tanana language utilizes five distinct tones: low, high, falling, rising, and extra-high.
What phonological feature distinguishes Upper Tanana from Tanacross concerning Proto-Athabaskan constriction?
Answer: Upper Tanana has a low tone; Tanacross has a high tone.
A key phonological distinction is that Upper Tanana exhibits a low tone as the reflex of Proto-Athabaskan constriction, whereas Tanacross displays a high tone for the same feature.
What specific phonological feature does Upper Tanana possess that Tanacross lacks, according to the text?
Answer: An extra vowel phoneme
The text indicates that Upper Tanana possesses an additional vowel phoneme compared to Tanacross, which is a specific phonological feature distinguishing the two languages.
The Upper Tanana writing system uses a complex system of ideograms and symbols.
Answer: False
The source indicates that the Upper Tanana writing system is based on the Latin script, not a system of ideograms or symbols.
The Upper Tanana writing system includes 34 vowel phonemes.
Answer: False
The source states that the Upper Tanana writing system includes 13 vowel phonemes, not 34.
Upper Tanana features 34 consonant phonemes in its writing system.
Answer: True
The source confirms that the Upper Tanana writing system comprises 34 consonant phonemes.
The vocabulary example 'sh'oo' is provided in the text for the word 'bear'.
Answer: True
The source material explicitly provides 'sh'oo' as the Upper Tanana vocabulary example for the word 'bear'.
The Northern Athabaskan alphabet is derived from the Cyrillic script.
Answer: False
The source states that the Northern Athabaskan alphabet, used for Upper Tanana, is based on the Latin script, not Cyrillic.
How many vowels are part of the Upper Tanana writing system?
Answer: 13
The Upper Tanana writing system incorporates 13 distinct vowel phonemes.
The Upper Tanana writing system is based on which script?
Answer: Latin
The writing system employed for Upper Tanana is based on the Latin script.
Which of the following vocabulary words is provided as an example for Upper Tanana?
Answer: Bear - 'sh'oo'
The source provides 'sh'oo' as an example vocabulary word, specifically for 'bear'.
How many consonants are listed in the Upper Tanana writing system?
Answer: 34
The Upper Tanana writing system includes a total of 34 consonant phonemes.
Traditionally, linguists have identified six main dialects of the Upper Tanana language.
Answer: False
The provided source material identifies five main dialects of the Upper Tanana language, not six.
The Tetlin band dialect has the highest number of known speakers among the five recognized Upper Tanana dialects.
Answer: True
According to the provided data, the Tetlin band dialect is reported to have the largest number of known speakers among the five identified Upper Tanana dialects.
The Scottie Creek dialect of Upper Tanana has one known speaker.
Answer: False
The source explicitly states that the Scottie Creek dialect of Upper Tanana has no known speakers.
Which of the following is a recognized dialect of Upper Tanana with no known speakers?
Answer: Scottie Creek
The source identifies the Scottie Creek dialect as one of the recognized Upper Tanana dialects for which there are no known speakers.
In the 1960s, efforts were made to develop a writing system and educational materials for Upper Tanana.
Answer: True
The source confirms that during the 1960s, collaborative efforts resulted in the development of a writing system and educational materials for the Upper Tanana language.
In 2014, Upper Tanana was granted official language status by the state of Alaska.
Answer: True
The source confirms that in 2014, Upper Tanana, along with other indigenous Alaskan languages, was officially recognized by the state of Alaska.
Which two individuals collaborated in the 1960s to create a writing system for Upper Tanana?
Answer: Alfred John and Paul G. Milanowski
The source names Alfred John and Paul G. Milanowski as the two individuals who collaborated in the 1960s to develop a writing system for Upper Tanana.
What was the purpose of the booklets and school dictionaries produced in the 1960s for Upper Tanana?
Answer: To facilitate bilingual education programs.
The booklets and school dictionaries produced in the 1960s for Upper Tanana were intended to facilitate bilingual education programs.