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The broad bean (*Vicia faba*) is scientifically classified within the family Asteraceae, commonly recognized as the daisy family.
Answer: False
The source indicates that *Vicia faba* belongs to the Fabaceae family, also known as the pea or bean family, not the Asteraceae family.
The broad bean plant (*Vicia faba*) is characterized as an erect, annual herb, typically reaching heights of 0.5 to 1.8 meters, with leaves exhibiting a glaucous, grey-green hue.
Answer: True
This description accurately reflects the typical morphology of the broad bean plant, noting its erect growth habit, annual life cycle, height range, and the characteristic glaucous, grey-green coloration of its leaves.
In contrast to the majority of vetch species, the leaves of the broad bean plant (*Vicia faba*) are equipped with tendrils that facilitate climbing.
Answer: False
The source explicitly states that, unlike most other vetches, broad bean leaves lack tendrils, which are typically used for climbing.
The flowers of *Vicia faba* are characterized by their small size, measuring less than 0.5 cm in length, and are typically white with no distinct markings.
Answer: False
The source indicates that *Vicia faba* flowers are relatively large, measuring 1 to 2.5 cm in length, and possess a distinct black spot on the wing petals, contradicting the statement.
To which scientific family does the broad bean (*Vicia faba*) belong?
Answer: Fabaceae (Pea and bean family)
The broad bean (*Vicia faba*) is classified within the family Fabaceae, commonly known as the pea and bean family.
What distinctive physical characteristic of *Vicia faba* leaves is noted in the source material?
Answer: They lack tendrils for climbing.
A distinctive characteristic of *Vicia faba* leaves mentioned is their lack of tendrils, which differentiates them from most other vetches.
What specific feature distinguishes the wing petals of *Vicia faba* flowers?
Answer: They have a distinct black spot.
The wing petals of *Vicia faba* flowers are distinguished by the presence of a distinct black spot.
Wild *Vicia faba* pods are characterized by being significantly larger and thicker compared to those of modern cultivars developed for culinary purposes.
Answer: False
The source states that modern cultivars developed for food use have significantly larger and thicker pods than wild *Vicia faba*.
Broad beans are recognized as one of the earliest cultivated plants, with archaeological evidence suggesting domestication initiated around 8,250 BCE in Neolithic Israel.
Answer: True
This statement aligns with the source, which highlights the long history of broad bean cultivation and evidence of domestication dating back to approximately 8,250 BCE in Neolithic Israel.
The wild progenitor of the broad bean has been definitively identified as originating from South America.
Answer: False
The source suggests that the origin of the broad bean's wild progenitor is in the Near East, not South America, with evidence found at sites in Israel.
In Italy, broad beans are traditionally sown on Saint Joseph's Day and are featured in cakes known as *fave dei morti*.
Answer: False
The source indicates that broad beans are traditionally sown on All Souls' Day and featured in cakes called *fave dei morti*, and also associated with Saint Joseph's Day altars, not exclusively sown on Saint Joseph's Day.
In ancient Greece and Rome, beans were employed as a voting mechanism, wherein a white bean signified a 'no' vote and a black bean indicated a 'yes' vote.
Answer: False
The source indicates that in ancient Greece and Rome, a white bean typically signified a 'yes' vote, and a black bean represented a 'no' vote, reversing the statement.
The modern political term 'Fabian,' denoting a gradualist approach, derives its nomenclature from the broad bean (*faba*).
Answer: True
This statement is accurate, as the term 'Fabian' originates from the broad bean (*faba*) and the Roman family name Fabius Maximus, known for his strategy of attrition.
Favomancy is a form of divination involving the interpretation of patterns formed by throwing dice.
Answer: False
The source defines favomancy as a form of divination that involves interpreting patterns formed by throwing beans, not dice.
The term 'lost ancestor' of the broad bean refers to a specific, well-documented wild species discovered in Europe.
Answer: False
The source suggests the 'lost ancestor' refers to the wild progenitor of the broad bean, believed to have originated in the Near East, not a specific, well-documented species found in Europe.
Based on archaeological evidence, approximately when did the domestication of broad beans likely commence in the Near East?
Answer: 8,250 BCE
Archaeological evidence suggests that the domestication of broad beans may have begun as early as 8,250 BCE in the Near East.
In Italy, broad beans are traditionally associated with which festival or observance?
Answer: All Souls' Day and Saint Joseph's Day
In Italy, broad beans are traditionally associated with All Souls' Day and Saint Joseph's Day.
What is the significance of the term 'Fabian' as it relates to broad beans?
Answer: It is derived from the broad bean's scientific name and relates to a gradualist approach.
The term 'Fabian,' referring to a gradualist approach, is derived from the broad bean (*faba*) and the Roman general Fabius Maximus, renowned for his strategy of attrition.
Favomancy, a method of divination, involves the interpretation of patterns derived from what?
Answer: Throwing beans
Favomancy involves interpreting patterns formed by throwing beans.
In ancient Greece and Rome, what did the use of a white bean typically signify in voting practices?
Answer: A 'yes' vote
In ancient Greece and Rome, a white bean typically signified a 'yes' vote.
Broad beans serve as valuable cover crops due to their capacity to provide soil cover, thereby preventing erosion, and their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate, as the source confirms that broad beans are utilized as cover crops for their soil-protective qualities and their contribution to soil fertility through nitrogen fixation.
Broad beans are characterized by their intolerance to cold climates and a preference for sandy soils.
Answer: False
The source indicates that broad beans exhibit high plant hardiness and can tolerate cold climates, and that they can grow in clay soils and those with high salinity, contrary to preferring sandy soils.
The chocolate spot fungus (*Botrytis fabae*) primarily affects the roots of broad bean plants, causing wilting.
Answer: False
The source states that the chocolate spot fungus (*Botrytis fabae*) primarily causes foliar damage and reduces bean productivity, rather than affecting the roots.
To mitigate the risk of *Botrytis fabae*, planting broad beans late in the season to circumvent peak humidity is recommended.
Answer: False
The source suggests planting early to avoid peak temperature and humidity, and adjusting seeding rates for air circulation as preventative measures against *Botrytis fabae*, not planting late.
*Orobanche crenata* is an insect pest that attaches to the roots of broad beans, leading to devastating yield losses.
Answer: False
The source identifies *Orobanche crenata* not as an insect pest, but as a parasitic plant that attaches to the roots of broad beans, causing severe damage and yield devastation.
Bacterial diseases such as *Xanthomonas campestris* induce necrotic lesions and yellow halos on broad bean leaves and are managed by utilizing infected seeds and avoiding copper bactericides.
Answer: False
The source indicates that bacterial diseases like *Xanthomonas campestris* cause necrotic lesions and yellow halos, but control methods involve using *uninfected* seeds and applying copper bactericides, not using infected seeds.
The primary insect pest affecting broad beans is the spider mite, which is known to cause webbing and leaf damage.
Answer: False
The source identifies the black bean aphid (*Aphis fabae*) as the primary insect pest of broad beans, not spider mites.
Broad beans are considered a poor source of nitrogen for soil enrichment due to their inability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Answer: False
The source explicitly states that broad beans are valuable as cover crops because they *do* fix atmospheric nitrogen, thereby enriching the soil, contrary to this statement.
Broad beans are susceptible to fungal diseases such as *Xanthomonas campestris* and *Pseudomonas syringae*.
Answer: False
The source lists *Xanthomonas campestris* and *Pseudomonas syringae* as bacterial diseases affecting broad beans, not fungal diseases.
Key bacterial diseases that can impact broad bean crops include those caused by *Xanthomonas campestris* and *Pseudomonas syringae*.
Answer: True
This statement accurately identifies significant bacterial pathogens affecting broad beans, namely *Xanthomonas campestris* and *Pseudomonas syringae*.
The Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) is identified as the primary viral disease affecting broad beans in the provided material.
Answer: True
This statement accurately reflects the source's identification of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) as the principal viral disease impacting broad beans.
Broad beans' tolerance to salinity and clay soils renders them less adaptable to varied environmental conditions compared to other legumes.
Answer: False
The source indicates that broad beans' tolerance to salinity and clay soils makes them *more* adaptable to varied environmental conditions compared to many other legumes.
The black bean aphid (*Aphis fabae*) is beneficial for broad bean cultivation, contributing to pollination.
Answer: False
The source identifies the black bean aphid (*Aphis fabae*) as a significant pest that causes yield reductions and pod discoloration, not as a beneficial pollinator.
For what reasons are broad beans considered valuable as cover crops?
Answer: They fix atmospheric nitrogen and prevent soil erosion.
Broad beans are valuable cover crops because they provide soil cover to prevent erosion and fix atmospheric nitrogen, thereby enriching the soil.
Broad beans exhibit notable tolerance to which specific soil conditions, contributing to their resilience?
Answer: Soils with high salinity and clay soils
Broad beans are notably tolerant of soils with high salinity and clay soils, which enhances their adaptability compared to many other legumes.
Under which environmental conditions does the chocolate spot fungus, *Botrytis fabae*, exhibit increased aggressiveness?
Answer: Increased temperature and humidity
*Botrytis fabae* becomes more aggressive under conditions of increased temperature and humidity.
What is *Orobanche crenata*, and what is its impact on broad bean crops?
Answer: A parasitic plant that attaches to roots and devastates yields.
*Orobanche crenata* is a parasitic plant that attaches to the roots of broad bean crops, leading to devastating yield losses.
Which of the following measures is recommended for the prevention of *Botrytis fabae*?
Answer: Applying foliar fungicides
Applying foliar fungicides is a recommended preventative measure against *Botrytis fabae*.
How does the black bean aphid (*Aphis fabae*) primarily impact broad bean crops?
Answer: It infests plants, leading to yield reductions and pod discoloration.
The black bean aphid (*Aphis fabae*) primarily affects broad bean crops by infesting plants, leading to yield reductions and pod discoloration.
What is identified as the primary viral disease affecting broad beans in the provided information?
Answer: Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV)
The Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) is identified as the primary viral disease affecting broad beans.
What is the primary role of broad beans when utilized as a green manure crop?
Answer: To enrich the soil with fixed atmospheric nitrogen.
The primary role of broad beans as a green manure crop is to enrich the soil with fixed atmospheric nitrogen.
Favism is a condition manifesting as a hemolytic response subsequent to the consumption of broad beans, and it is associated with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), not iron deficiency anemia.
Answer: True
Favism is characterized by a hemolytic response after consuming broad beans, but it is genetically linked to Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), not iron deficiency anemia.
Broad beans are rich in levodopa, a precursor to dopamine, rendering them safe for individuals concurrently taking irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
Answer: False
The source states that broad beans are rich in levodopa, a precursor to dopamine, but this high content can cause a dangerous pressor response in individuals taking irreversible MAOIs, making them unsafe, not safe.
Per 100 grams, raw mature broad beans provide approximately 100 kcal of energy and are characterized by low protein and fiber content.
Answer: False
The source indicates that per 100 grams, raw mature broad beans provide approximately 340 kcal of energy and are an excellent source of carbohydrates, protein, and dietary fiber, contrary to being low in these.
Broad beans are a good source of Vitamin C and Vitamin K, but contain very little folate.
Answer: False
The source identifies broad beans as a good source of Vitamin C and Vitamin K, but notably, they are also an excellent source of folate (Vitamin B9), not low in it.
Broad beans exhibit a lower protein-to-carbohydrate ratio when contrasted with other popular pulse crops such as chickpeas and lentils.
Answer: False
The source explicitly states that broad beans have the highest protein-to-carbohydrate ratio compared to chickpeas, peas, and lentils, contradicting this assertion.
In Greece, favism is rare due to the prevalence of G6PD deficiency.
Answer: False
The source states that favism is relatively common in Greece precisely *because* of the prevalence of G6PD deficiency, which is linked to historical malaria prevalence.
Favism, a condition precipitated by the consumption of broad beans, is associated with which specific genetic disorder?
Answer: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD)
Favism is associated with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), a genetic disorder that affects red blood cell function.
What is the reason individuals undergoing treatment with irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) should abstain from consuming broad beans?
Answer: The high levodopa content in broad beans can cause a dangerous pressor response.
Individuals taking irreversible MAOIs should avoid broad beans due to their high levodopa content, which can precipitate a dangerous pressor response (a sudden increase in blood pressure).
According to the source, per 100 grams, which nutrient is provided in the greatest quantity by raw mature broad beans?
Answer: Carbohydrates
Per 100 grams, raw mature broad beans provide carbohydrates in the highest quantity among the listed nutrients.
Which B vitamin, crucial for cell metabolism and DNA synthesis, is notably abundant in broad beans?
Answer: Folate (Vitamin B9)
Folate (Vitamin B9) is notably abundant in broad beans and plays a critical role in cell metabolism and DNA synthesis.
Broad beans are noted for possessing the highest protein-to-carbohydrate ratio when compared to which other common pulse crops?
Answer: Chickpeas, peas, and lentils
Broad beans have the highest protein-to-carbohydrate ratio compared to chickpeas, peas, and lentils.
What is the primary characteristic of favism as described in the source material?
Answer: A hemolytic response after consuming broad beans
The primary characteristic of favism mentioned is a hemolytic response that occurs after consuming broad beans.
The common nomenclature for *Vicia faba* includes broad beans, fava beans, and field beans, with the latter terms often referring to varieties utilized for animal feed.
Answer: True
Indeed, *Vicia faba* is known by multiple common names, including broad bean, fava bean, and field bean, with the latter terms frequently designating cultivars intended for animal consumption.
Broad beans necessitate cooking and the removal of their outer seed coat prior to consumption.
Answer: False
The source indicates that broad beans can be consumed raw or cooked, and that young, tender pods may be eaten whole, suggesting the outer seed coat is not always removed or that cooking is not the sole requirement for all forms.
Within English-speaking countries, the terms 'horse bean' and 'field bean' exclusively designate cultivars possessing large seeds intended for human consumption.
Answer: False
The source clarifies that in many English-speaking regions, 'broad bean' refers to large-seeded cultivars for human consumption, while 'horse bean' and 'field bean' typically denote smaller-seeded cultivars used primarily for animal feed.
In Egypt, broad beans are famously prepared as *ful medames*, a national dish typically mashed with oil, salt, and cumin.
Answer: True
This statement accurately reflects the culinary significance of broad beans in Egypt, where *ful medames*, a dish of mashed beans seasoned with oil, salt, and cumin, is a national staple.
In Ethiopia, broad beans are utilized to produce flour for *shiro wot* and are incorporated into dishes such as *hilibet* and *siljo*, particularly during fasting periods.
Answer: True
This accurately describes the role of broad beans in Ethiopian cuisine, where they are used for flour in *shiro wot* and featured in fasting dishes like *hilibet* and *siljo*.
In Japan, broad beans, referred to as *soramame*, are commonly prepared by boiling and eaten plain or incorporated into rice dishes, and are also made into a snack called *ikarimame*.
Answer: True
This statement accurately reflects the culinary practices in Japan, where *soramame* are prepared by boiling, eaten plain or with rice, and also processed into the snack *ikarimame*.
The national dish of Luxembourg, *Judd mat Gaardebounen*, features smoked collar of pork with lentils.
Answer: False
The source identifies *Judd mat Gaardebounen* as the national dish of Luxembourg, but it features smoked collar of pork with broad beans, not lentils.
In Mexico, broad beans (*habas*) are primarily utilized in a soup known as *sopa de tortilla*.
Answer: False
The source indicates that in Mexico, broad beans (*habas*) are commonly used in *sopa de habas*, not *sopa de tortilla*.
In Sudan, broad beans constitute a fundamental component of breakfast (*fatoor*), typically prepared by boiling, mashing, and seasoning with chili pepper and cumin.
Answer: True
This accurately describes the role of broad beans in Sudanese cuisine, where they are a staple breakfast item (*fatoor*), prepared by boiling, mashing, and seasoning.
In Syria, broad beans are prepared as *Ful medames* for breakfast and as *foulieh*, a vegan dish for lunch.
Answer: True
This statement accurately reflects the culinary uses of broad beans in Syria, where they are prepared as *Ful medames* for breakfast and *foulieh* for lunch.
In Turkey, *bakla* denotes broad beans, and a prevalent dish is *zeytinyağlı bakla*, which involves simmering young pods with onions in olive oil.
Answer: True
This accurately describes the Turkish culinary use of broad beans (*bakla*), specifically the dish *zeytinyağlı bakla*, prepared by simmering young pods with onions in olive oil.
In France, a bean is traditionally hidden within the *galette des rois* (King's cake), with the individual who finds it assuming the role of 'king' or 'queen' for the occasion.
Answer: True
This accurately describes the French tradition associated with the *galette des rois*, where a hidden bean designates the 'king' or 'queen'.
In Peru, broad beans (*habas*) are incorporated into *pachamanca*, a traditional Andean cooking method, and are also utilized in remedies for digestive ailments.
Answer: True
This accurately reflects the use of broad beans in Peru, where they are featured in *pachamanca* and employed in traditional remedies for digestive issues.
'Molleboon' refers to a dish of roasted or fried broad beans, considered a local delicacy in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Answer: False
The source identifies 'molleboon' as a local delicacy of roasted or fried broad beans, but specifies its origin as Groningen, Netherlands, not Amsterdam.
The term 'fava bean' is predominantly used in the United Kingdom, while 'broad bean' is more common in the United States.
Answer: False
The source indicates the opposite: 'broad bean' is the more common term in Commonwealth countries (like the UK), while 'fava bean' is predominantly used in the United States.
In Iran, broad beans (*Baghalee*) are consumed fresh during their brief spring season and are utilized in the dish *baghalee polo*.
Answer: True
This accurately describes the culinary use of broad beans in Iran, where they are consumed fresh in spring and featured in *baghalee polo*.
Which of the following common names is typically applied to *Vicia faba* varieties primarily intended for animal feed?
Answer: Tic bean
Varieties of *Vicia faba* with smaller, harder seeds, commonly used for animal feed, are referred to as tic beans or tick beans.
According to the provided information, how may young, tender broad bean pods be consumed?
Answer: They can be eaten whole
The source indicates that young, tender broad bean pods can be eaten whole.
In numerous English-speaking countries, what constitutes the primary distinction between the terms 'broad bean' and 'horse bean'/'field bean'?
Answer: Broad beans refer to large-seeded cultivars for human consumption; horse/field beans refer to smaller-seeded cultivars for animal feed.
The primary distinction is that 'broad bean' typically refers to large-seeded cultivars for human consumption, whereas 'horse bean' and 'field bean' usually denote smaller-seeded cultivars intended for animal feed.
In Egypt, broad beans are famously prepared as *ful medames*. What are the typical ingredients of this dish?
Answer: Mashed beans with oil, salt, and cumin
*Ful medames* is typically made with mashed beans seasoned with oil, salt, and cumin.
What is the national dish of Luxembourg that prominently features broad beans?
Answer: Judd mat Gaardebounen (Smoked Pork with Broad Beans)
The national dish of Luxembourg featuring broad beans is *Judd mat Gaardebounen*, which consists of smoked collar of pork with broad beans.
What is the Japanese name for broad beans, and what are their common preparation methods?
Answer: Soramame; boiled and eaten plain or added to rice
The Japanese name for broad beans is *soramame*, and they are commonly prepared by boiling and eaten plain or added to rice.
In Mexico, broad beans (*habas*) serve as a key ingredient in which traditional soup?
Answer: Sopa de Habas
Broad beans (*habas*) are a key ingredient in the traditional Mexican soup known as *sopa de habas*.
In Turkish cuisine, what is *zeytinyağlı bakla*?
Answer: A dish of young broad bean pods simmered in olive oil with onions
*Zeytinyağlı bakla* is a Turkish dish consisting of young broad bean pods simmered with onions in olive oil.
What is the significance of the term 'molleboon' within the Netherlands?
Answer: It refers to roasted or fried broad beans, a local delicacy.
The term 'molleboon' denotes roasted or fried broad beans, recognized as a local delicacy in Groningen, Netherlands.
In Ethiopia, broad beans (*baqella*) are used to produce flour for which popular dish?
Answer: Shiro Wot
Broad beans (*baqella*) are used to make flour for the popular Ethiopian dish *shiro wot*.
Which of the following represents a traditional culinary use of broad beans in Sudan?
Answer: Boiled, mashed, and seasoned for breakfast (*fatoor*)
A traditional culinary use of broad beans in Sudan is boiling, mashing, and seasoning them for breakfast (*fatoor*).
The diploid chromosome number of *Vicia faba* is 12, and all chromosome pairs are metacentric.
Answer: False
While the diploid chromosome number of *Vicia faba* is indeed 12, the source specifies that five pairs are acrocentric and only one pair is metacentric.
The *Vicia faba* genome is considered small due to extensive gene duplication.
Answer: False
The source indicates that the *Vicia faba* genome is notably large, primarily attributed to the amplification of retrotransposons and satellite repeats, rather than being small.
In 1957, root cells derived from *Vicia faba* were utilized to demonstrate the semiconservative replication scheme applicable to eukaryotic chromosomes.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate, as the source confirms that *Vicia faba* root cells were employed in 1957 to experimentally demonstrate the semiconservative replication of eukaryotic chromosomes.
What is the diploid chromosome number of *Vicia faba*?
Answer: 12
The diploid chromosome number (2n) for *Vicia faba* is 12.
The considerable size of the *Vicia faba* genome is primarily attributed to the amplification of which genetic elements?
Answer: Retrotransposons and satellite repeats
The large size of the *Vicia faba* genome is primarily attributed to the amplification of retrotransposons and satellite repeats.