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The Vindhya Range is a single, continuous mountain chain geologically similar to the Himalayas.
Answer: False
Geologically, the Vindhya Range is characterized as a complex and discontinuous system of ridges, hills, highlands, and plateau escarpments, rather than a single, continuous chain comparable to the Himalayas.
In modern geography, the Vindhya Range is primarily defined by the hills and highlands north of the Narmada River.
Answer: True
Contemporary geographical understanding defines the Vindhya Range predominantly by the escarpments, hills, and highlands situated to the north of the Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh.
The Vindhya Range extends exclusively through the state of Madhya Pradesh.
Answer: False
The Vindhya Range extends across multiple Indian states, including Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, southern Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar, not exclusively through Madhya Pradesh.
Sad-bhawna Shikhar, the highest point of the Vindhya Range, has an elevation of approximately 752 feet.
Answer: False
Sad-bhawna Shikhar, the highest point of the Vindhya Range, has an elevation of 752 meters (approximately 2,467 feet), not 752 feet.
Kalumar peak is another name for the highest point in the Vindhya Range.
Answer: True
Kalumar peak, also known as Kalumbe peak, is an alternative name for Sad-bhawna Shikhar, the highest point of the Vindhya Range.
According to Pradeep Sharma, the general elevation of the Vindhya Range rarely exceeds 980 feet.
Answer: False
Pradeep Sharma indicates that the general elevation of the Vindhya Range rarely exceeds 700 meters (approximately 2,300 feet), which is considerably higher than 980 feet.
The Vindhyan tableland is located south of the main Vindhya Range.
Answer: False
The Vindhyan tableland, which includes the Rewa-Panna plateaus, is situated to the north of the central part of the Vindhya Range.
The Maikal Hills serve as a connection point between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges.
Answer: True
The Maikal Hills, often considered an extension of the Satpura Range, function as a geographical link between the southern chain of the Vindhya Range and the Satpura Range.
The Vindhya and Satpura ranges are geographically indistinct and often referred to interchangeably in historical texts.
Answer: False
While historical texts sometimes used the term 'Vindhyas' broadly to encompass the Satpura Range, they are currently considered distinct geographical features, not indistinct or interchangeable.
The Rewa-Panna plateaus are also known as the Vindhya plateau.
Answer: True
The Rewa-Panna plateaus are collectively referred to as the Vindhya plateau, forming a significant part of the region north of the central Vindhya Range.
According to Pradeep Sharma, the Vindhya Range extends for about 1,200 miles.
Answer: False
Pradeep Sharma states that the Vindhya Range extends for approximately 1,200 kilometers, which is equivalent to about 750 miles, not 1,200 miles.
The Aravalli Range is connected to the western Vindhya Range via a series of hills in Gujarat.
Answer: True
A series of hills in Gujarat facilitates the connection between the western extension of the Vindhya Range and the Aravalli Range.
The principal Vindhya range generally runs north-south, forming the western boundary of India.
Answer: False
The principal Vindhya range generally runs east-west, parallel to the Narmada River, and does not form the western boundary of India.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a state through which the Vindhya Range extends?
Answer: Maharashtra
The Vindhya Range extends through states such as Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, southern Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. Maharashtra is not typically listed as a state through which the main range extends.
According to the source, how is the Vindhya Range geologically best described?
Answer: A complex, discontinuous system of hills and plateaus.
Geologically, the Vindhya Range is described not as a single continuous range but as a complex, discontinuous system comprising ridges, hills, highlands, and plateau escarpments.
What is the highest point of the Vindhya Range called?
Answer: Sad-bhawna Shikhar
The highest point of the Vindhya Range is known as Sad-bhawna Shikhar, which translates to 'Goodwill Peak'.
The term 'Vindhyan tableland' collectively refers to which plateaus?
Answer: The Rewa-Panna plateaus.
The term 'Vindhyan tableland' is used to collectively refer to the Rewa-Panna plateaus, situated north of the central Vindhya Range.
Which of the following statements about the average elevation of the Vindhya Range is supported by the source?
Answer: It generally ranges between 300 to 650 meters, rarely exceeding 700 meters.
According to Pradeep Sharma's account, the general elevation of the Vindhya Range typically ranges between 300 to 650 meters, seldom surpassing 700 meters.
How does the source describe the eastern extensions of the Vindhya Range?
Answer: They divide into chains, including the Bhander Plateau and Kaimur Range.
The eastern extensions of the Vindhya Range are described as dividing into chains, notably the Bhander Plateau and the Kaimur Range, which extend north of the Son River.
The connection between the western Vindhya Range and the Aravalli Range occurs near which town?
Answer: Champaner
The western Vindhya Range connects to the Aravalli Range through a series of hills located near Champaner in Gujarat.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Vindhya Range according to the source?
Answer: It is geologically classified as a single anticline.
The Vindhya Range is characterized as a complex, discontinuous system of hills and highlands, not as a single anticline. It does include escarpments, serves as a traditional boundary, and contains the Vindhyan Supergroup.
What is the approximate length of the Vindhya Range as stated by Pradeep Sharma?
Answer: 1,200 kilometers
Pradeep Sharma states that the Vindhya Range extends for approximately 1,200 kilometers.
The Vindhya Range forms the southern escarpment of which larger geographical region?
Answer: The Central Indian upland
The Vindhya Range serves as the southern escarpment of the Central Indian upland region.
The name 'Vindhya' originates from a Sanskrit word meaning 'mountain'.
Answer: False
The name 'Vindhya' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'vaindh,' which signifies 'to obstruct,' rather than meaning 'mountain'.
The suffixes 'achala' and 'achal' in 'Vindhyachala' both mean 'mountain' in their respective languages.
Answer: True
The terms 'achala' (Sanskrit) and 'achal' (Hindi) both translate to 'mountain,' and are used in compound names like 'Vindhyachala' or 'Vindhyachal' to refer to the range.
The mythological story of the Vindhya mountain obstructing the sun involves the sage Agastya.
Answer: True
A prominent mythological narrative explains the name 'Vindhya' through a story where the mountain's growth obstructed the sun, and the sage Agastya intervened.
The theory that 'Vindhya' means 'hunter' is the primary etymological explanation provided.
Answer: False
The primary etymological explanation provided is that 'Vindhya' derives from the Sanskrit word 'vaindh,' meaning 'to obstruct.' The theory of 'hunter' is presented as an alternative possibility.
What is the primary meaning of the Sanskrit word 'vaindh,' from which the name 'Vindhya' is derived?
Answer: Obstructor
The name 'Vindhya' originates from the Sanskrit word 'vaindh,' which primarily means 'to obstruct.' This etymology is linked to mythological narratives.
The mythological story explaining the name 'Vindhya' involves the mountain doing what?
Answer: Obstructing the sun's path.
The mythological narrative associated with the name 'Vindhya' involves the mountain growing so tall that it obstructed the sun's path, leading to its name signifying 'obstructor'.
The Narmada River flows from the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range.
Answer: False
The Narmada River drains the southern slopes of the Vindhya Range, originating from the Maikal Hills, which are considered an extension of the Satpura Range.
The Vindhya Range runs perpendicular to the Narmada River.
Answer: False
The principal Vindhya Range runs roughly parallel to the Narmada River, forming its northern boundary, rather than perpendicular to it.
The Chambal River originates from the southern slopes of the Vindhya Range.
Answer: False
The Chambal River originates from the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range, as it is a tributary of the Ganga-Yamuna river system.
Which major river system originates from the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range?
Answer: The Ganga-Yamuna River system
Several tributaries of the Ganga-Yamuna river system, including the Chambal, Betwa, and Ken rivers, originate from the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range.
Which of these rivers originates from the southern slopes of the Vindhya Range?
Answer: Son
The Son River, along with the Narmada River, drains the southern slopes of the Vindhya Range, originating from the Maikal Hills.
Which of the following pairs correctly matches a river with the slopes of the Vindhyas it drains?
Answer: Betwa - Northern slopes
The Betwa River originates from and drains the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range, aligning with the drainage patterns of other northern-slope rivers like the Chambal and Ken.
The 'Vindhyan Supergroup' is known for containing some of the oldest known fossils of single-celled organisms.
Answer: False
While the Vindhya basin contains significant palaeontological evidence, the 'Vindhyan Supergroup' is primarily noted for containing the earliest known fossils of multicellular eukaryotes, not solely single-celled organisms, and these date back significantly earlier than the Cambrian explosion.
The Vindhya basin is significant for fossils dating to the Cambrian explosion of life.
Answer: False
While the Vindhya basin has yielded significant palaeontological finds, recent research indicates that the fossils found there are much older than the Cambrian explosion, dating back approximately 1.6 to 1.7 billion years.
The Vindhyan Supergroup represents a relatively thin and localized sequence of sedimentary rocks.
Answer: False
The Vindhyan Supergroup is characterized as one of the world's largest and thickest successions of sedimentary rocks, not a thin or localized sequence.
What geological feature is referred to as the 'Vindhyan Supergroup'?
Answer: A large, thick sequence of sedimentary rocks.
The 'Vindhyan Supergroup' refers to one of the world's most extensive and thick successions of sedimentary rocks, found within the Vindhya basin.
What significant palaeontological evidence has been found in the Vindhya basin?
Answer: The oldest known fossils of multicellular eukaryotes.
The Vindhya basin has yielded significant palaeontological discoveries, including the earliest known fossils of multicellular eukaryotes, dating back approximately 1.6 to 1.7 billion years.
What is the significance of the Vindhya basin in the context of early life evolution?
Answer: It shows evidence of the earliest known multicellular life forms.
The Vindhya basin is significant for early life evolution as it contains evidence of the earliest known multicellular life forms, specifically filamentous algae dating back approximately 1.6 to 1.7 billion years.
What is the primary geological significance of the Vindhya basin?
Answer: It holds one of the world's largest and thickest sedimentary rock sequences.
The primary geological significance of the Vindhya basin lies in its Vindhyan Supergroup, which represents one of the world's largest and thickest sedimentary rock sequences.
The Vindhya Range is culturally significant as it traditionally marks the boundary between North India and South India.
Answer: True
The Vindhya Range holds significant cultural importance, traditionally serving as a demarcation line between the regions of North India and South India.
Ancient Indian texts primarily viewed the Vindhya Range as the northern boundary of Indo-Aryan territories.
Answer: False
Many ancient Indian texts consider the Vindhya Range as the southern boundary of Aryavarta (Indo-Aryan territories), not the northern boundary.
The Vindhya Range is one of the mountain ranges explicitly mentioned in India's national anthem.
Answer: True
India's national anthem, 'Jana Gana Mana,' explicitly mentions the Vindhya Range alongside the Himalayas, highlighting its national importance.
The Vindhya Range is traditionally perceived as a dividing line between the cultural spheres of North and South India.
Answer: True
The Vindhya Range has long been regarded as a traditional geographical and cultural boundary separating North India from South India.
The Mahabharata identifies the Vindhya forests exclusively as the home of Indo-Aryan peoples.
Answer: False
The Mahabharata mentions that the Nishadas and other Mleccha tribes resided in the Vindhya forests, indicating it was not exclusively the home of Indo-Aryan peoples.
Vindhyavasini, a goddess identified with Kali or Durga, is associated with the Vindhya Range.
Answer: True
The goddess Vindhyavasini, a form of Shakti often identified with Kali or Durga, is intrinsically linked to the Vindhya Range, signifying its religious importance.
The town of Vindhyachal is known for a temple dedicated to the goddess Vindhyavasini.
Answer: True
The town of Vindhyachal is recognized for its temple dedicated to the goddess Vindhyavasini, a significant deity associated with the Vindhya region.
What is the traditional cultural significance attributed to the Vindhya Range in India?
Answer: It serves as the traditional boundary between North India and South India.
The Vindhya Range is traditionally regarded as a significant geographical and cultural boundary separating North India from South India.
Which ancient Indian text explicitly mentions the Vindhya Range alongside the Himalayas in its verses?
Answer: The national anthem ('Jana Gana Mana')
India's national anthem, 'Jana Gana Mana,' explicitly mentions the Vindhya Range alongside the Himalayas, underscoring its national significance.
According to the source, what does the goddess Vindhyavasini signify?
Answer: Dweller of the Vindhya region, a form of Shakti.
Vindhyavasini signifies 'dweller of the Vindhya region' and is recognized as a form of Shakti, often identified with Goddess Kali or Durga.
The Mahabharata mentions which groups residing in the forests of the Vindhyas?
Answer: Nishadas and Mleccha tribes
The Mahabharata indicates that the forests of the Vindhyas were inhabited by Nishada and other Mleccha tribes.
The town of Vindhyachal, associated with the goddess Vindhyavasini, is located in which Indian state?
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
The town of Vindhyachal, renowned for its temple to the goddess Vindhyavasini, is located in Uttar Pradesh.
Historically, the definition of the Vindhyas was narrower than its current geographical scope.
Answer: False
Historically, the term 'Vindhyas' was often used more broadly, encompassing a wider geographical area than its current, more specific definition. Some older texts included ranges now known as the Satpura Range within the scope of the Vindhyas.
The Ramayana places the Vindhya Range north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
Answer: False
The Ramayana contains varied descriptions of the Vindhyas; one passage places them south of Kishkindha, implying a location south of the typical Indo-Gangetic Plain, not north of it.
Ancient Puranas consistently identify the Vindhya Range as the source of the Tapti River.
Answer: False
Ancient Puranas present varying accounts regarding the source of the Tapti River; some identify the Vindhya Range, while others attribute its source to the Rksa range.
Ptolemy, the Greek geographer, referred to the Vindhya Range as Ouindion.
Answer: True
The Greek geographer Ptolemy mentioned the Vindhya Range in his works, referring to it by names such as Vindius or Ouindion.
The Rksa (or Rksavat) and Pariyatra ranges were considered separate from the Vindhyas in ancient Indian geography.
Answer: False
Ancient Indian texts and inscriptions often mention the Vindhya, Rksa (or Rksavat), and Pariyatra ranges together as part of the 'Kula Parvatas' or 'clan mountains' of Bharatavarsha, suggesting they were considered related geographical entities.
The term 'Vindhya-pada' in the Varaha Purana refers to the Vindhya Range itself.
Answer: False
The Varaha Purana uses the term 'Vindhya-pada,' meaning 'foot of the Vindhyas,' to refer to the mountain range that is now known as the Satpura Range, not the Vindhya Range itself.
The Barabar Cave inscription suggests the Vindhyas extended eastwards into Bihar.
Answer: True
The Barabar Cave inscription provides evidence that the historical definition of the Vindhyas extended eastward to include regions in modern-day Bihar.
Historically, how was the term 'Vindhyas' sometimes used according to older texts?
Answer: To encompass ranges now known as the Satpura Range.
According to older texts, the term 'Vindhyas' was sometimes used more broadly, encompassing ranges that are now distinctly identified as the Satpura Range.
Which Greek geographer mentioned the Vindhya Range, referring to it as Vindius or Ouindion?
Answer: Ptolemy
The Greek geographer Ptolemy mentioned the Vindhya Range in his works, referring to it by names such as Vindius or Ouindion.
The term 'Vindhya-pada' mentioned in the Varaha Purana is identified today as which mountain range?
Answer: The Satpura Range
In the Varaha Purana, the term 'Vindhya-pada' is used to denote the Satpura Range, indicating a historical variation in geographical nomenclature.
The Barabar Cave inscription provides evidence that the definition of the Vindhyas historically extended to which modern region?
Answer: Bihar
The Barabar Cave inscription suggests that the historical geographical scope of the Vindhyas extended eastward to include regions in modern-day Bihar.
What does the source suggest about the historical texts' description of the Vindhyas in relation to the Ramayana?
Answer: One passage places them south of Kishkindha, near the sea, causing scholarly debate.
The Ramayana contains descriptions of the Vindhyas, including a passage placing them south of Kishkindha near the sea, which has led to scholarly debate regarding their geographical representation.
Which ancient text mentions 'Daksinaparvata' ('Southern Mountain'), which is identified with the Vindhyas?
Answer: The Kaushitaki Upanishad
The Kaushitaki Upanishad mentions 'Daksinaparvata,' or 'Southern Mountain,' a term identified with the Vindhya Range.