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Total Categories: 7
The World Health Organization defines violence strictly as the actual use of physical force resulting in injury or death.
Answer: False
The World Health Organization's definition of violence is broader than just the actual use of physical force resulting in injury or death. It includes the intentional use of force or power, whether threatened or actual, and encompasses potential harm, psychological harm, and deprivation, not solely actual injury or death.
The WHO definition of violence includes the potential for harm, not just actual harm.
Answer: True
The WHO definition of violence includes actions that result in, or have a high likelihood of resulting in, harm, indicating it covers potential harm, not just actual harm.
According to the World Health Organization, which of the following is NOT part of the definition of violence?
Answer: Violence that has definitively resulted in death
The World Health Organization's definition of violence encompasses the intentional use of force or power, whether threatened or actual, and includes actions with a high likelihood of causing harm, injury, or death. The definition explicitly states that violence does not necessarily need to result in injury or death to be recognized, making 'violence that has definitively resulted in death' an outcome rather than the sole defining characteristic of the act itself.
According to the WHO, violence can be broadly categorized into self-directed, interpersonal, and collective types.
Answer: True
The World Health Organization categorizes violence into three broad types: self-directed violence, interpersonal violence, and collective violence.
Instrumental violence is primarily characterized by being a reaction driven by emotion or anger.
Answer: False
Instrumental violence is characterized by its use as a means to achieve a goal, whereas hostile violence is typically a reaction driven by emotion or anger.
Collective violence, as defined by the WHO, is the use of force by individuals against themselves to achieve political objectives.
Answer: False
Collective violence, as defined by the WHO, involves the instrumental use of violence by a group against another group or individuals to achieve political, economic, or social objectives, not individuals against themselves.
Interpersonal violence includes violence occurring between individuals or small groups.
Answer: True
Interpersonal violence is defined as violence occurring between individuals or small groups.
Hostile violence is typically used as a means to achieve a goal.
Answer: False
Hostile violence is typically a reaction driven by emotion or anger, whereas instrumental violence is used as a means to achieve a goal.
Collective violence is defined by the WHO as violence perpetrated by states against their own citizens.
Answer: False
While state-perpetrated violence can be a form of collective violence, the WHO definition of collective violence is broader, encompassing the instrumental use of violence by a group against another group or individuals for political, economic, or social objectives.
Political violence, economic violence, and slow violence are examples of collective violence.
Answer: True
Political violence, economic violence, and slow violence are cited as examples of collective violence.
Which category of violence involves actions inflicted by an individual upon themselves?
Answer: Self-directed violence
Self-directed violence is the category that involves actions inflicted by an individual upon themselves, such as suicidal behavior and self-harm.
Violence classified as 'instrumental' is primarily characterized by:
Answer: Being used as a means to achieve a specific goal
Instrumental violence is primarily characterized by its use as a means to achieve a specific goal, distinguishing it from hostile violence which is typically emotion-driven.
According to the WHO, collective violence is defined as:
Answer: The instrumental use of violence by a group against another group for specific objectives.
According to the WHO, collective violence is defined as the instrumental use of violence by individuals who identify as members of a group against another group or set of individuals to achieve political, economic, or social objectives.
Suicidal thoughts and self-mutilation are considered forms of interpersonal violence.
Answer: False
Suicidal thoughts and self-mutilation fall under the category of self-directed violence, not interpersonal violence.
War is identified as the most extreme manifestation of collective violence.
Answer: True
War is recognized as the most extreme form of collective violence.
Structural violence occurs when individuals intentionally inflict physical harm on others through direct confrontation.
Answer: False
Structural violence is characterized by harm caused by social structures or institutions preventing individuals from meeting their basic needs, rather than direct physical confrontation.
Interpersonal violence can be subdivided based on factors such as the type of abuse, location, and age disparity between involved individuals.
Answer: True
Interpersonal violence can indeed be subdivided by factors such as the type of abuse, the location where it occurs, and the age disparity between the individuals involved.
Intimate partner violence disproportionately affects males, involving physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.
Answer: False
Intimate partner violence disproportionately affects females, although males can also be victims. It encompasses physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.
Violence against children exclusively refers to physical abuse perpetrated by parents or caregivers.
Answer: False
Violence against children encompasses all forms of violence against individuals under 18, including physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, as well as neglect and exploitation, regardless of the perpetrator.
Elder maltreatment is defined as a single act of physical abuse against an older person by a stranger.
Answer: False
Elder maltreatment is defined as harm or distress occurring within a trusting relationship, and it can involve single or repeated acts, including neglect, not just physical abuse by a stranger.
Psychological violence involves direct physical harm and threats of bodily injury.
Answer: False
Psychological or emotional violence involves non-physical forms of hostile treatment, such as denigration, ridicule, threats, and intimidation, not direct physical harm.
Sexual violence includes unwanted sexual advances and trafficking, but not rape.
Answer: False
The definition of sexual violence includes rape, as well as unwanted sexual advances, acts of trafficking, and other acts directed against a person's sexuality using coercion.
Sexual violence perpetrated during childhood is linked to an increased likelihood of perpetrating violence later in life.
Answer: True
Sexual violence experienced during childhood is associated with an increased likelihood of perpetrating violence later in life, among other negative outcomes.
A WHO multi-country study found that less than 10% of women reported experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner.
Answer: False
A WHO multi-country study found that between 15% and 71% of women reported experiencing physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner, which is significantly higher than 10%.
Self-harm, such as self-mutilation, falls under the category of self-directed violence.
Answer: True
Self-harm, including self-mutilation, is categorized under self-directed violence.
Structural violence is characterized by its immediate and visible impact on individuals.
Answer: False
Structural violence is often characterized by its gradual and invisible impact on individuals, operating through social structures and institutions that prevent basic needs fulfillment.
Child abuse and elder abuse are examples of how interpersonal violence can be subdivided by location and age disparity.
Answer: True
Child abuse and elder abuse are examples of how interpersonal violence can be subdivided, reflecting the age disparity between involved individuals and the location of the abuse.
Intimate partner violence exclusively involves physical and sexual abuse.
Answer: False
Intimate partner violence includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, not exclusively physical and sexual abuse.
What are the two primary forms of self-inflicted violence mentioned in the text?
Answer: Suicidal behavior and self-harm
The two primary forms of self-inflicted violence mentioned are suicidal behavior (including thoughts and attempts) and self-harm (such as self-mutilation).
Which of the following is cited as the most extreme form of collective violence?
Answer: War
War is cited as the most extreme manifestation of collective violence.
Structural violence is best described as:
Answer: Intentional harm caused by social structures or institutions preventing basic needs fulfillment.
Structural violence is best described as harm caused by social structures or institutions that prevent individuals from meeting their basic needs or rights.
Interpersonal violence can be subdivided based on all the following EXCEPT:
Answer: The perpetrator's socioeconomic status
Interpersonal violence can be subdivided by factors such as the type of abuse, location, and age disparity, but not typically by the perpetrator's socioeconomic status as a primary subdivision category.
What is a common form of intimate partner violence mentioned in the text?
Answer: Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse is mentioned as a common form of intimate partner violence, alongside physical and sexual abuse.
Violence against children encompasses all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer: Bullying by peers
Violence against children includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. While bullying by peers can be harmful, the text's definition of violence against children focuses on abuse and exploitation by adults or within specific contexts, not general peer bullying.
Elder maltreatment is defined as harm or distress occurring:
Answer: Within a trusting relationship
Elder maltreatment is defined as harm or distress occurring within a trusting relationship, encompassing various forms of abuse and neglect.
Which of the following is an example of psychological violence?
Answer: Denigration and ridicule
Denigration and ridicule are examples of psychological or emotional violence.
The definition of sexual violence includes:
Answer: Unwanted sexual comments or advances
The definition of sexual violence includes unwanted sexual comments or advances, as well as acts of trafficking and physically forced sexual acts like rape.
A WHO multi-country study indicated that the prevalence of women reporting physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner ranged from:
Answer: 15% to 71%
A WHO multi-country study indicated that the prevalence of women reporting physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner ranged from 15% to 71%.
Beliefs in male sexual entitlement are identified as a risk factor specific to sexual violence perpetration.
Answer: True
Beliefs in male sexual entitlement are identified as specific risk factors associated with the perpetration of sexual violence.
Poor behavioral control and low IQ are considered individual-level risk factors for violence.
Answer: True
Poor behavioral control and low IQ are indeed identified as individual-level risk factors associated with violence.
Authoritarian childrearing attitudes are considered a protective factor against violence.
Answer: False
Authoritarian childrearing attitudes are considered a relational risk factor associated with violence, not a protective factor.
Societies with higher prevalence of corporal punishment tend to have lower rates of homicide and assault.
Answer: False
Societies with a higher prevalence of corporal punishment tend to have higher rates of homicide, assault, and war, according to longitudinal studies and cross-cultural analyses.
Poverty and low community participation are identified as community-level risk factors for violence.
Answer: True
Poverty and low community participation are identified as community-level risk factors that can contribute to violence.
Research has conclusively proven a strong link between consuming media violence and subsequent aggressive behavior.
Answer: False
Research on the link between media violence and aggression is increasingly debated and often inconclusive, rather than conclusively proven.
There is a weak correlation between societal factors like income inequality and levels of violence.
Answer: False
There is a strong correlation between societal factors such as income inequality and levels of violence. Poorer countries and those with significant wealth gaps tend to have higher homicide rates.
Religion is often identified as the sole primary cause of religious violence in research findings.
Answer: False
Research indicates that religion is often one of many contributing factors to religious violence, alongside social and political elements, rather than being the sole primary cause.
What is a specific risk factor for sexual violence perpetration mentioned in the text?
Answer: Beliefs in family honor and sexual purity
Beliefs in family honor and sexual purity are mentioned as specific risk factors for sexual violence perpetration.
Which of the following is identified as an individual-level risk factor for violence?
Answer: Antisocial beliefs or attitudes
Antisocial beliefs or attitudes are identified as an individual-level risk factor for violence.
Relational risk factors associated with violence include:
Answer: Low parental income and involvement
Low parental income and involvement are identified as relational risk factors associated with violence.
Longitudinal studies suggest that physical punishment experienced by children has a direct causal effect on:
Answer: Later aggressive behaviors
Longitudinal studies suggest that physical punishment experienced by children has a direct causal effect on later aggressive behaviors.
Which community-level factor is identified as contributing to violence?
Answer: Diminished economic opportunities
Diminished economic opportunities are identified as a community-level factor that contributes to violence.
Regarding the link between media violence and aggression, research findings are described as:
Answer: Increasingly debated and inconclusive.
Research findings on the link between media violence and aggression are described as increasingly debated and inconclusive.
According to research, religion's role in religious violence is typically:
Answer: One of many contributing factors alongside social and political elements.
Research indicates that religion's role in religious violence is typically as one of many contributing factors, alongside social and political elements, rather than being the sole primary cause.
Child maltreatment can lead to lifelong consequences, including increased risks of mental illness and chronic diseases.
Answer: True
Child maltreatment can indeed lead to significant lifelong consequences, such as increased risks of mental illness, suicide, substance abuse, and chronic diseases.
The global economic impact of violence is estimated to be less than $10 trillion annually.
Answer: False
The estimated global economic impact of violence in 2024 was approximately $17.5 trillion, which is significantly more than $10 trillion.
Violence is a leading cause of death for young people aged 15 to 44.
Answer: True
Violence is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide for individuals aged 15 to 44 years.
Suicide accounts for the majority of violent deaths globally when compared to interpersonal and collective violence.
Answer: True
In 2013, suicide accounted for approximately 842,000 deaths, which was more than the deaths attributed to interpersonal violence (405,000) and collective violence (31,000).
Assault by firearm was the leading cause of death from interpersonal violence globally in 2013.
Answer: True
In 2013, assault by firearm was the leading cause of death from interpersonal violence globally, followed by assault by sharp object.
Homicide rates tend to be higher in wealthier nations with significant wealth gaps.
Answer: False
Homicide rates tend to be higher in poorer countries and in nations with significant wealth gaps, indicating an inverse relationship with economic development and equality.
Male homicide rates are significantly higher than female rates, especially in the 15 to 29 age group.
Answer: True
Male homicide rates are significantly higher than female rates, particularly in the 15 to 29 age group where male rates are nearly six times higher.
The ratio of non-fatal violent injuries to violent deaths among young people is approximately 1:1.
Answer: False
The ratio of non-fatal violent injuries requiring hospital treatment to homicides among young people (10-24) is approximately 20:1 to 40:1, indicating many more injuries than deaths.
The individual risk of dying violently in an armed conflict is generally higher than the global average homicide rate.
Answer: False
The individual risk of dying violently in an armed conflict is generally lower than the global average homicide rate. For example, the risk in conflict zones was found to be lower than the global average homicide rate.
What is a significant lifelong consequence of child maltreatment mentioned in the text?
Answer: Increased risk of mental illness
An increased risk of mental illness is cited as a significant lifelong consequence of child maltreatment.
What was the estimated global economic impact of violence in 2024?
Answer: $17.5 trillion
The estimated global economic impact of violence in 2024 was approximately $17.5 trillion.
For individuals aged 15 to 44 years, violence is ranked as:
Answer: The fourth leading cause of death
For individuals aged 15 to 44 years, violence is ranked as the fourth leading cause of death worldwide.
In 2013, which category accounted for the largest number of violent deaths?
Answer: Suicide
In 2013, suicide accounted for the largest number of violent deaths globally, with approximately 842,000 deaths.
What was the primary cause of death from interpersonal violence globally in 2013, involving a weapon?
Answer: Assault by firearm
Assault by firearm was the leading cause of death from interpersonal violence globally in 2013, accounting for 180,000 deaths.
Homicide rates are generally found to have an inverse relationship with:
Answer: Economic development and equality
Homicide rates generally have an inverse relationship with economic development and equality, meaning higher development and equality are associated with lower homicide rates.
For the 15 to 29 age group, how do male homicide rates compare to female rates?
Answer: Male rates are nearly six times higher.
For the 15 to 29 age group, male homicide rates are nearly six times higher than female rates.
What is the approximate ratio of non-fatal violent injuries requiring hospital treatment to homicides among young people (10-24)?
Answer: 20:1 to 40:1
For every homicide among young people aged 10 to 24, approximately 20 to 40 other young people receive hospital treatment for a violent injury.
Compared to non-conflict countries, the individual risk of dying violently in an armed conflict is:
Answer: Relatively low.
The individual risk of dying violently in an armed conflict is relatively low compared to the risk of violent death in many non-conflict countries.
School-based programming for adolescents is considered the primary prevention strategy with the strongest evidence against intimate partner violence.
Answer: True
School-based programming for adolescents is identified as the primary prevention strategy with the strongest evidence for effectiveness against intimate partner violence.
Reducing alcohol availability is not considered a promising strategy for preventing intimate partner violence.
Answer: False
Reducing alcohol availability and harmful use is considered a promising strategy for preventing intimate partner violence.
Restricting access to weapons is a recommended policy for preventing collective violence.
Answer: True
Restricting access to weapons is listed as one of the policies recommended for preventing collective violence.
The criminal justice approach to violence prevention primarily focuses on rehabilitation and community policing.
Answer: False
The criminal justice approach primarily emphasizes enforcing laws, ensuring justice, and deterrence, alongside rehabilitation. Community policing is a strategy that can be part of it, but the primary focus is on legal and punitive measures.
The public health sector began addressing violence globally only in the last 5 years.
Answer: False
The public health sector began addressing violence globally more than 5 years ago. The World Health Assembly declared violence a leading worldwide public health problem in 1996.
Healthcare professionals' familiarity with victims and perpetrators is one argument for the public health sector addressing violence.
Answer: True
Healthcare professionals' familiarity with victims and perpetrators is one of the key arguments for the public health sector addressing interpersonal violence.
Limiting access to guns and knives is one of the WHO's identified strategies for violence prevention.
Answer: True
Limiting access to guns, knives, and pesticides is one of the seven evidence-based strategies identified by the WHO for violence prevention.
Promoting gender equality is identified as a strategy showing effectiveness in preventing intimate partner violence.
Answer: True
Promoting gender equality is identified as a strategy showing effectiveness in preventing intimate partner violence.
Which primary prevention strategy for intimate partner violence has the strongest evidence base according to the text?
Answer: School-based programming for adolescents
School-based programming for adolescents is identified as the primary prevention strategy with the strongest evidence base for preventing intimate partner violence.
Which of the following is listed as a promising primary prevention strategy for intimate partner violence?
Answer: Promoting communication and relationship skills within communities
Promoting communication and relationship skills within communities is listed as a promising primary prevention strategy for intimate partner violence.
Policies recommended to prevent collective violence include:
Answer: Reducing poverty
Policies recommended to prevent collective violence include reducing poverty, restricting access to weapons, increasing accountability, and decreasing inequalities between groups.
The criminal justice approach to violence prevention primarily emphasizes:
Answer: Enforcing laws, ensuring justice, and deterrence
The criminal justice approach to violence prevention primarily emphasizes enforcing laws, ensuring justice, and deterrence, alongside rehabilitation.
When did the World Health Assembly declare violence a leading worldwide public health problem?
Answer: In 1996
The World Health Assembly declared violence a leading worldwide public health problem in 1996.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main arguments for the public health sector addressing interpersonal violence?
Answer: The criminal justice system's focus on private violence.
The criminal justice system's traditional focus is on public violence, not private violence, which is why this is NOT one of the arguments for the public health sector addressing interpersonal violence. The other options are valid arguments.
Which of the following is one of the seven WHO strategies to prevent violence?
Answer: Fostering safe, stable, and nurturing parent-child relationships
Fostering safe, stable, and nurturing parent-child relationships is one of the seven evidence-based strategies identified by the WHO to prevent violence.
Steven Pinker argues that modern society is significantly more violent than in past historical periods.
Answer: False
Steven Pinker argues in 'The Better Angels of Our Nature' that modern society is significantly less violent than in past historical periods, citing a decline in homicide rates over centuries.
Hannah Arendt viewed violence and power as synonymous, with violence being the ultimate form of power.
Answer: False
Hannah Arendt viewed violence and power as opposites, contrasting with many theorists who saw violence as an extreme manifestation of power.
Epistemic violence, in feminist philosophy, refers to physical harm inflicted through institutional structures.
Answer: False
In feminist philosophy, epistemic violence refers to harm caused by an inability to understand or engage with the conversations of others, often due to ignorance, rather than physical harm through institutional structures.
Robert L. Holmes posits that violence is intrinsically a moral good when directed at innocent persons.
Answer: False
Robert L. Holmes argues that violence is intrinsically a moral wrong, particularly when directed at innocent persons, and advocates for exploring philosophies of nonviolence.
Steven Pinker's argument regarding the trend of violence suggests that modern society is:
Answer: Less violent than in past periods.
Steven Pinker argues that modern society is significantly less violent than in past historical periods.
Hannah Arendt's perspective contrasts with many theorists by viewing violence and power as:
Answer: Opposites.
Hannah Arendt viewed violence and power as opposites, which contrasts with many theorists who see them as related or synonymous.
In feminist philosophy, epistemic violence refers to harm caused by:
Answer: An inability to understand or engage with others' conversations.
In feminist philosophy, epistemic violence refers to harm caused by an inability to understand or engage with the conversations of others, often due to ignorance.
Robert L. Holmes argues that violence is intrinsically:
Answer: A moral wrong, especially towards the innocent.
Robert L. Holmes argues that violence is intrinsically a moral wrong, particularly when directed at innocent persons.