Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 6
Vytautas the Great was born in Vilnius, the capital city, and died in the town of Grodno.
Answer: False
Historical records indicate that Vytautas the Great was born in Senieji Trakai and died in Trakai, contrary to the assertion that he was born in Vilnius and died in Grodno.
Vytautas the Great's parents were Jogaila and Birutė.
Answer: False
Vytautas the Great was the son of Kęstutis and Birutė, not Jogaila and Birutė.
Following Algirdas' death, Kęstutis immediately assumed the role of sole Grand Duke of Lithuania, effectively sidelining Jogaila.
Answer: False
After Algirdas' death, Jogaila succeeded him as Grand Duke, leading to a power struggle with Kęstutis, rather than Kęstutis immediately becoming sole ruler.
Kęstutis died of natural causes approximately one week after his imprisonment at Kreva Castle.
Answer: False
Kęstutis died under disputed circumstances at Kreva Castle approximately one week after his imprisonment, with the exact cause of death remaining a subject of historical debate.
Vytautas the Great had only one child, a son named Alexander.
Answer: False
Vytautas the Great had one known child, a daughter named Sophia, who married Vasily I of Moscow. He did not have a son named Alexander.
Vytautas the Great married Juliana Olshanska following the death of his first wife, Anna.
Answer: True
After the passing of his first wife, Anna, Vytautas the Great entered into a second marriage with Juliana Olshanska.
The relationship between Vytautas the Great and Jogaila was consistently friendly and cooperative throughout their lives.
Answer: False
The relationship between Vytautas the Great and Jogaila was complex and often marked by rivalry and conflict, rather than consistent friendliness and cooperation.
Vytautas the Great died on October 27, 1430, at an approximate age of 80 years.
Answer: True
Historical accounts confirm that Vytautas the Great passed away on October 27, 1430, having reached an age of approximately 80 years.
Vytautas the Great was interred in the Cathedral of Vilnius; however, the precise location of his remains is currently unknown.
Answer: True
Vytautas the Great's final resting place is the Cathedral of Vilnius, though the exact spot where his remains lie has been lost to history.
Based on the provided information, approximately when was Vytautas the Great born?
Answer: Around 1350
The historical accounts suggest that Vytautas the Great was born around the year 1350.
In which specific location was Vytautas the Great born?
Answer: Senieji Trakai
Vytautas the Great was born in Senieji Trakai, a location within the historical Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Where was Vytautas the Great interred?
Answer: In the Cathedral of Vilnius, exact location lost
Vytautas the Great was buried in the Cathedral of Vilnius; however, the precise location of his remains within the cathedral has been lost over time.
Identify the parents of Vytautas the Great.
Answer: Kęstutis and Birutė
Vytautas the Great was the son of Kęstutis and Birutė, both prominent figures in Lithuanian history.
Describe the political situation involving Jogaila and Kęstutis that preceded Vytautas the Great's rise to prominence.
Answer: Jogaila succeeded Algirdas, leading to a power struggle with Kęstutis.
Following Algirdas' death, Jogaila became Grand Duke, which precipitated a power struggle with his uncle Kęstutis, setting the stage for subsequent events.
What was the fate of Kęstutis subsequent to his seizure of Vilnius in 1381?
Answer: He was imprisoned by Jogaila and later died under disputed circumstances.
After Kęstutis seized Vilnius in 1381, he was subsequently imprisoned by Jogaila at Kreva Castle, where he died under circumstances that remain debated by historians.
Identify Vytautas the Great's daughter and her spouse.
Answer: Sophia of Lithuania, who married Vasily I of Moscow
Vytautas the Great's daughter was Sophia of Lithuania, who married Vasily I of Moscow.
What aspect was particularly notable regarding Vytautas the Great's marriage to Juliana Olshanska?
Answer: It was performed without a papal dispensation despite their familial relationship.
Vytautas the Great's marriage to Juliana Olshanska was notable because it proceeded without a papal dispensation, despite their familial relationship, and was performed by Jan Kropidło.
Describe the evolution of the relationship between Vytautas the Great and Jogaila over time.
Answer: It was complex, marked by rivalry and reconciliation, with Vytautas eventually ruling Lithuania under Jogaila.
The relationship between Vytautas the Great and Jogaila was characterized by complexity, encompassing periods of intense rivalry and subsequent reconciliation, culminating in Vytautas governing Lithuania as regent.
Vytautas the Great presided as Grand Duke of Lithuania for a significant period, spanning over four decades from 1392 until his demise in 1430.
Answer: True
The historical record indicates that Vytautas the Great's tenure as Grand Duke of Lithuania extended from 1392 until his death in 1430, encompassing more than forty years of rule.
Following his escape from imprisonment, Vytautas the Great initially sought assistance from the Teutonic Order, agreeing to cede territory in exchange.
Answer: True
Upon escaping captivity, Vytautas the Great aligned with the Teutonic Order, offering territorial concessions in return for their support in his bid for power.
Vytautas the Great became the undisputed ruler of Lithuania immediately following the signing of the Union of Krewo.
Answer: False
The Union of Krewo did not immediately establish Vytautas as the undisputed ruler; rather, it initiated a period of complex political maneuvering and conflict that eventually led to his effective rule.
What was the primary title by which Vytautas the Great was known during his rule?
Answer: Grand Duke of Lithuania
Vytautas the Great is primarily recognized and known for his role as the Grand Duke of Lithuania during his extensive period of rule.
By what means did Vytautas the Great attempt to secure power following his escape from imprisonment?
Answer: By seeking help from the Teutonic Order and promising territory
Upon escaping captivity, Vytautas the Great sought assistance from the Teutonic Order, offering territorial concessions in exchange for their support in his efforts to gain power.
By what means did Vytautas the Great officially become the effective ruler of Lithuania in 1392?
Answer: Through the Astrava Treaty, becoming regent under Jogaila
Vytautas the Great officially became the effective ruler of Lithuania in 1392 through the Astrava Treaty, which appointed him as regent under Jogaila.
Vytautas the Great pursued significant territorial ambitions, seeking to expand Lithuanian dominion eastward towards the Black Sea.
Answer: True
Vytautas the Great actively sought to enlarge the Grand Duchy of Lithuania's territory, with aspirations to control lands extending as far as the Black Sea.
By the year 1398, Lithuanian territory under Vytautas the Great's influence extended from which two major seas?
Answer: Baltic Sea to the Black Sea
By 1398, the territorial extent of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under Vytautas the Great's influence stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.
The Union of Krewo stipulated that Jogaila would marry Queen Jadwiga of Poland and undertake the Christianization of Lithuania, thereby establishing a personal union between the two states.
Answer: True
The Union of Krewo (1385) was a pivotal agreement that formalized Jogaila's marriage to Queen Jadwiga and his commitment to Christianizing Lithuania, forging a personal union.
The Battle of the Vorskla River in 1399 represented a significant victory for Vytautas the Great against the Mongol forces, thereby strengthening his authority.
Answer: False
The Battle of the Vorskla River in 1399 was a major defeat for Vytautas the Great and his allies, weakening his authority rather than strengthening it.
Samogitia held strategic importance as a territory that could potentially connect the Teutonic Knights in Prussia with their counterparts in Livonia.
Answer: True
The region of Samogitia was crucial because its control would have allowed the Teutonic Knights in Prussia and Livonia to unite, thereby consolidating their territorial power.
The Battle of Grunwald in 1410 resulted in the complete destruction of the Teutonic Order.
Answer: False
While the Battle of Grunwald was a decisive victory that severely weakened the Teutonic Order, it did not lead to their complete destruction.
The Peace of Thorn, concluded in 1411, permanently transferred the territory of Samogitia to Lithuania.
Answer: False
The Peace of Thorn in 1411 granted Samogitia to Vytautas the Great for his lifetime only; its permanent transfer to Lithuania occurred later with the Treaty of Lake Melno.
The Union of Horodło, enacted in 1413, granted Lithuanian Orthodox nobles the same rights as the Polish szlachta.
Answer: False
The Union of Horodło in 1413 extended privileges similar to the Polish szlachta to Lithuanian Christian nobles, but notably excluded Orthodox nobles from these rights.
During the Congress of Lutsk in 1429, Emperor Sigismund proposed crowning Vytautas the Great as King of Lithuania, an action that generated considerable political tension.
Answer: True
The proposal at the Congress of Lutsk in 1429 for Vytautas the Great to be crowned King of Lithuania by Emperor Sigismund created significant political friction, particularly with Poland.
The Treaty of Salynas, signed in 1398, involved Vytautas the Great ceding the territory of Samogitia to the Teutonic Knights.
Answer: True
In the Treaty of Salynas of 1398, Vytautas the Great agreed to cede Samogitia to the Teutonic Knights as part of a political alliance.
The Union of Horodło, established in 1413, aimed to foster integration between Lithuania and Poland by granting Lithuanian nobles privileges comparable to those of the Polish szlachta.
Answer: True
The Union of Horodło in 1413 sought to strengthen ties between Lithuania and Poland by extending rights and privileges similar to the Polish nobility (szlachta) to Lithuanian nobles.
The principal reason for the conflicts between Vytautas the Great and the Teutonic Order was the contest for control over the territory of Samogitia.
Answer: True
The ongoing wars between Vytautas the Great and the Teutonic Order were primarily driven by the strategic importance and control of Samogitia, a region separating the Order's branches.
Vytautas the Great's victory at the Battle of Grunwald diminished Lithuania's international standing.
Answer: False
The decisive victory at the Battle of Grunwald significantly enhanced Lithuania's international standing, establishing it as a major European power.
What constituted a key provision of the Union of Krewo, concluded in 1385?
Answer: Jogaila would marry Queen Jadwiga and Christianize Lithuania.
A central provision of the Union of Krewo was Jogaila's agreement to marry Queen Jadwiga of Poland and to Christianize Lithuania, thus establishing a personal union.
What was the outcome of the Battle of the Vorskla River in 1399 for Vytautas the Great?
Answer: A major defeat leading to revolts and weakened authority
The Battle of the Vorskla River in 1399 resulted in a significant defeat for Vytautas the Great, leading to internal revolts and a temporary weakening of his authority.
Explain why Samogitia was a critical point of conflict between Lithuania and the Teutonic Order.
Answer: It geographically separated the Teutonic Knights in Prussia from the Livonian Order.
Samogitia's strategic importance stemmed from its geographical position, which separated the Teutonic Knights in Prussia from their Livonian counterparts, making its control vital for the Order's unification.
Which battle concluded with a decisive victory for the allied Polish and Lithuanian forces, thereby significantly weakening the Teutonic Knights?
Answer: Battle of Grunwald
The Battle of Grunwald in 1410 was a decisive victory for the allied Polish and Lithuanian armies, leading to a substantial decline in the military power of the Teutonic Knights.
Which territory was definitively returned to Lithuania in perpetuity by the Treaty of Lake Melno in 1422?
Answer: Samogitia
The Treaty of Lake Melno, signed in 1422, permanently restored the territory of Samogitia to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
What significant privilege was extended to Lithuanian Christian nobles through the Union of Horodło in 1413?
Answer: Rights equivalent to the Polish szlachta
The Union of Horodło in 1413 granted Lithuanian Christian nobles rights and privileges that were equivalent to those held by the Polish szlachta.
What proposal made at the Congress of Lutsk in 1429 posed a threat to the union between Lithuania and Poland?
Answer: The proposal for Vytautas to be crowned King of Lithuania.
The proposal at the Congress of Lutsk in 1429 for Vytautas the Great to be crowned King of Lithuania threatened the existing union with Poland, as it implied a more independent status for Lithuania.
What was the effect of the Treaty of Salynas, signed in 1398, on Vytautas the Great's title and territorial holdings?
Answer: He styled himself 'Supreme Duke' and ceded Samogitia.
The Treaty of Salynas in 1398 saw Vytautas the Great adopt the title 'Supreme Duke' and cede Samogitia to the Teutonic Knights.
How did the Battle of Grunwald impact the long-term military power of the Teutonic Order?
Answer: It significantly weakened them, and they never fully recovered.
The Battle of Grunwald inflicted such severe damage on the Teutonic Order's military strength that they were significantly weakened and never fully recovered their former power.
Vytautas the Great adhered to Lithuanian polytheism throughout his entire life.
Answer: False
Vytautas the Great converted to Roman Catholicism in 1383, abandoning his earlier adherence to Lithuanian polytheism.
Vytautas the Great centralized power within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by replacing hereditary local princes with governors who were loyal to him.
Answer: True
Vytautas implemented administrative reforms that consolidated his authority by substituting hereditary rulers with appointed governors loyal to the central government.
The Karaim and Tatar peoples, who were brought to Lithuania by Vytautas the Great, primarily served in roles such as soldiers and administrators.
Answer: False
The Karaim and Tatar peoples brought by Vytautas served in a variety of capacities, including guards, translators, farmers, traders, and diplomats, not solely as soldiers and administrators.
Vytautas the Great's administrative reforms were intended to increase the autonomy of local rulers within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Answer: False
Vytautas' administrative reforms aimed to centralize power, not increase the autonomy of local rulers; he replaced hereditary princes with loyal governors.
Vytautas the Great explained that 'Žemaitija' and 'Aukštaitija' referred to distinct ethnic groups within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Answer: False
Vytautas the Great clarified that 'Žemaitija' (lowlands) and 'Aukštaitija' (highlands) represented geographical regions of a single Lithuanian land, not distinct ethnic groups.
What significant religious conversion did Vytautas the Great undertake in the year 1383?
Answer: Conversion from Lithuanian polytheism to Roman Catholicism
In 1383, Vytautas the Great converted from Lithuanian polytheism to Roman Catholicism, adopting the Christian name Alexander (or Wigand/Vygandas).
By what administrative measures did Vytautas the Great centralize the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?
Answer: By replacing hereditary princes with loyal governors.
Vytautas the Great centralized administrative power by replacing hereditary local princes with governors who owed their loyalty directly to him.
What specific roles did the Karaim and Tatar peoples, introduced to Lithuania by Vytautas the Great, fulfill?
Answer: As guards, translators, farmers, traders, and diplomats
The Karaim and Tatar communities brought to Lithuania by Vytautas the Great served in diverse capacities, including military roles, translation, agriculture, trade, and diplomacy.
What clarification did Vytautas the Great provide regarding 'Žemaitija' and 'Aukštaitija' in his correspondence?
Answer: They were geographical regions ('lowlands' and 'highlands') of a single Lithuanian land.
In his letter, Vytautas the Great explained that 'Žemaitija' (lowlands) and 'Aukštaitija' (highlands) referred to geographical regions within a unified Lithuanian land, not separate ethnic groups.
In contemporary Lithuania, Vytautas the Great is primarily honored through the naming of a prominent university and a widely used male given name.
Answer: True
Vytautas the Great's legacy is recognized in modern Lithuania via the Vytautas Magnus University and the common male given name 'Vytautas', among other honors.
Vytautas the Great has been depicted as a character within the video game 'Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition'.
Answer: True
Vytautas the Great's historical figure has been incorporated into popular culture, notably appearing as a character in the video game 'Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition'.
Which of the following is NOT cited as a method by which Vytautas the Great is honored in contemporary Lithuania?
Answer: The current national currency
While Vytautas the Great is honored through a popular given name, a university, and monuments, the current national currency is not mentioned as a form of commemoration in the provided text.
In which literary and artistic works has Vytautas the Great been depicted?
Answer: Konrad Wallenrod
Vytautas the Great has been depicted in various artistic works, including Adam Mickiewicz's poem 'Konrad Wallenrod'.