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Argentine Electoral Crossroads

An analytical deep dive into the pivotal 1965 legislative elections that shaped Argentina's political landscape.

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Election Overview

Key Details

The 1965 Argentine legislative elections were held on 14 March 1965. These elections determined the composition of 99 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Voter turnout was notably high, reaching 83.72%, indicating significant public engagement despite the complex political climate.

Political Context

The elections occurred during a period of significant political tension, heavily influenced by the exiled populist leader Juan Perรณn. President Arturo Illia's administration faced pressure from military factions and anti-Peronist groups, particularly concerning the electoral participation of Peronist-aligned parties.

Significance

These elections were a crucial test for President Illia's centrist UCR party and a significant indicator of the shifting political alliances and the enduring influence of Peronism. The performance of various factions, including the newly formed Popular Union (UP), provided insights into the evolving dynamics of Argentine politics.

Political Landscape

Perรณn's Shadow and the Popular Union

Exiled leader Juan Perรณn continued to exert considerable influence over the political agenda. His attempts to return to Argentina underscored the ongoing debate about his role. The Popular Union (UP) emerged as a significant political force, founded by Juan Atilio Bramuglia, a former Perรณn advisor. The UP sought to represent Perรณn's movement, with figures like Augusto Vandor, the influential Steelworkers' leader, becoming prominent within its ranks. Vandor's strategic maneuvering and advocacy for "Peronism without Perรณn" positioned him as a potential alternative to Perรณn himself.

Illia's Administration and Challenges

President Arturo Illia, leading the centrist UCR, navigated a challenging political environment. Despite economic recovery, his administration faced pressure from the military and anti-Peronist elements to restrict the UP's electoral participation. Illia's decision to allow the UP to field candidates, despite fears of military intervention, was a notable aspect of the pre-election period.

Shifting Alliances and Party Fortunes

The elections revealed significant shifts in party fortunes. Illia's UCR, despite economic improvements, saw a decline in support. Former President Pedro Aramburu's anti-Peronist UDELPA also lost ground. Notably, Arturo Frondizi's Integration and Development Movement (MID), participating for the first time after being barred in 1963, made substantial gains, securing 16 seats. The UCRI, Frondizi's former party, suffered a considerable loss of seats, reflecting the fragmentation of support.

National Results

Chamber of Deputies Outcomes

The 1965 legislative elections saw the Popular Union (UP) emerge as the leading party, securing 35 seats and a 31.12% vote share. This represented a substantial gain of 31 seats. The incumbent People's Radical Civic Union (UCRP), led by President Illia, garnered 34 seats with 29.72% of the vote, marking a loss of 3 seats. The National Federation of Center Parties secured 8 seats, while the Integration and Development Movement (MID) made a strong debut with 5 seats.

The Intransigent Radical Civic Union (UCRI) experienced a significant decline, losing 19 seats and ending up with only 1 seat. Other parties, including the Democratic Progressive Party and various provincial movements, also secured representation.

A comprehensive breakdown of the national results for the Chamber of Deputies:

Party Votes % Seats won Total seats
Popular Union (UP) 2,786,244 31.12 35 36
People's Radical Civic Union (UCRP) 2,660,937 29.72 34 69
National Federation of Center Parties 661,108 7.38 8 14
Integration and Development Movement (MID) 538,057 6.01 5 6
Intransigent Radical Civic Union (UCRI) 404,689 4.52 1 19
Democratic Progressive Party (PDP) 287,250 3.21 3 9
Christian Democratic Party (PDC) 241,764 2.70 โ€” 4
Argentine Socialist Party (PSA) 184,023 2.06 1 4
Union of the Argentine People (UDELPA) 181,094 2.02 โ€” 8
Democratic Socialist Party (PSD) 170,362 1.90 โ€” 2
Three Flags Party 148,067 1.65 2 4
Provincial Action 104,835 1.17 2 2
Mendoza Popular Movement (MPM) 97,705 1.09 1 1
Blockist Radical Civic Union (UCR-B) 75,225 0.84 2 2
National Reconstruction Party 50,979 0.57 โ€” โ€”
White Party 46,013 0.51 1 4
Social Justice Party 41,727 0.47 โ€” โ€”
People's Party 40,393 0.45 โ€” โ€”
Las Flores-Lujรกn Line Movement 37,435 0.42 โ€” โ€”
Labour Party (PL) 25,900 0.29 โ€” 2
Renewal Crusade Radical Civic Union (UCR-CR) 24,431 0.27 โ€” โ€”
Argentine Reconstruction Party (PRAR) 23,646 0.26 โ€” โ€”
San Luis Popular Action 23,297 0.26 1 1
Argentine Popular Action 22,366 0.25 โ€” โ€”
Neuquรฉn People's Movement (MPN) 21,052 0.24 2 2
Provincial Defense - White Flag 12,163 0.14 โ€” 1
Provincial Party of Santiago del Estero 7,922 0.09 โ€” โ€”
National Independent Party 5,974 0.07 โ€” โ€”
Party of the Liberating Revolution 5,396 0.06 โ€” โ€”
Provincial Party of Chubut 5,125 0.06 โ€” โ€”
Argentine Retirees Union 5,052 0.06 โ€” โ€”
Union Force 3,959 0.04 โ€” โ€”
National Unity Party 3,273 0.04 1 1
Federal Social Movement 2,784 0.03 โ€” โ€”
National Union Party 2,085 0.02 โ€” โ€”
Neighborhood Party 625 0.01 โ€” โ€”
Popular Workers Party 544 0.01 โ€” โ€”
Santa Cruz Popular Movement 415 0.00 โ€” โ€”
Defense of Labour 333 0.00 โ€” โ€”
Democratic Federal Movement Did not run โ€” 1
Total 8,954,249 100 99 192
Positive votes 8,954,249 95.77
Blank votes 357,871 3.83
Invalid votes 37,708 0.40
Total votes 9,349,828 100
Registered voters/turnout 11,168,564 83.72

Provincial Performance

Regional Vote Distribution

The election results varied significantly across Argentina's provinces. The Popular Union (UP) demonstrated strength in Buenos Aires Province, securing 14 seats and a 41.12% vote share. In Buenos Aires City, the People's Radical Civic Union (UCRP) narrowly outperformed the UP, winning 8 seats to the UP's 8, with the UP's allies and other parties also gaining significant traction.

The Integration and Development Movement (MID) showed notable success in several provinces, including Mendoza (where it won 1 seat and obtained 30.46% of the vote) and Neuquรฉn (securing 2 seats with 52.55% of the vote). The National Federation of Center Parties performed strongly in Corrientes, winning all 5 seats available in that province.

A summary of the seat distribution and vote percentages by province:

Province Popular Union UCRP Center Parties MID Other Peronists Others
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Buenos Aires 1,358,651 41.12 14 970,701 29.38 9 180,444 5.46 1 114,884 3.48 1 19,847 0.60 โ€” 659,293 19.96 1
Buenos Aires City 549,057 33.69 8 552,678 33.91 8 58,876 3.61 โ€” 54,808 3.36 โ€” 5,432 0.33 โ€” 409,009 25.09 2
Chaco 80,930 43.54 2 60,220 32.40 1 7,441 4.00 โ€” 15,127 8.14 โ€” โ€” โ€” โ€” 22,138 11.91 โ€”
Chubut 16,545 33.59 1 17,035 34.59 1 โ€” โ€” โ€” 3,608 7.33 โ€” 5,125 10.41 โ€” 6,940 14.09 โ€”
Cรณrdoba 357,544 38.75 5 339,039 36.75 4 69,454 7.53 โ€” 37,687 4.08 โ€” 9,007 0.98 โ€” 109,886 11.91 โ€”
Corrientes 45,212 18.89 โ€” 14,308 5.98 โ€” 156,354 65.32 5 โ€” โ€” โ€” โ€” โ€” โ€” 23,507 9.82 โ€”
Entre Rรญos 18,602 4.85 โ€” 123,369 32.14 2 29,989 7.81 โ€” 60,117 15.66 1 97,044 25.28 1 54,720 14.26 โ€”
La Pampa 32,488 40.32 1 17,356 21.54 โ€” โ€” โ€” โ€” 22,037 27.35 1 โ€” โ€” โ€” 8,700 10.80 โ€”
Mendoza 16,199 4.74 โ€” 87,666 25.65 1 104,120 30.46 1 9,275 2.71 โ€” 97,705 28.59 1 26,826 7.85 โ€”
Neuquรฉn โ€” โ€” โ€” 9,395 23.45 โ€” โ€” โ€” โ€” 2,968 7.41 โ€” 21,052 52.55 2 6,649 16.60 โ€”
Rรญo Negro โ€” โ€” โ€” 20,600 29.84 1 1,966 2.85 โ€” 4,777 6.92 โ€” 28,158 40.79 1 13,531 19.60 โ€”
San Juan 25,643 15.21 โ€” 28,357 16.82 1 3,215 1.91 โ€” 2,359 1.40 โ€” 4,806 2.85 โ€” 104,183 61.81 2
San Luis 19,700 23.37 โ€” 8,603 10.21 โ€” 28,943 34.34 1 โ€” โ€” โ€” 23,297 27.64 1 3,752 4.45 โ€”
Santa Cruz 3,707 25.93 1 2,649 24.03 โ€” 695 4.86 โ€” 719 5.03 โ€” 306 2.14 โ€” 6,220 43.51 1
Santa Fe 196,794 20.85 2 274,547 29.09 4 12,790 1.35 โ€” 198,473 21.03 2 30,759 3.26 โ€” 230,573 24.43 2
Santiago del Estero 36,249 19.82 1 60,492 33.07 1 1,884 1.03 โ€” 9,157 5.01 โ€” 51,023 27.90 1 24,091 13.17 โ€”
Tucumรกn 28,923 9.21 โ€” 73,922 23.53 1 4,937 1.57 โ€” 2,061 0.66 โ€” 120,160 38.25 2 84,164 26.79 โ€”

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References

References

  1.  El primer peronismo sin Perรƒยณn (in Spanish)
  2.  Todo Argentina: 1965 (in Spanish)
A full list of references for this article are available at the 1965 Argentine legislative election Wikipedia page

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