What is the current currency of Argentina, and when was it established?

The current currency of Argentina is the peso, which was established in 1992. It replaced the austral at a rate of 10,000 australes to one peso. The peso is subdivided into 100 centavos, although smaller denominations are rarely used due to inflation.

What is the ISO 4217 code for the Argentine peso, and what symbol is used?

The ISO 4217 code for the Argentine peso is ARS. Within Argentina, it is identified by the symbol $, similar to how dollar or other peso currencies are denoted. The symbol Arg$ is sometimes used for clarity.

What historical currencies preceded the current Argentine peso?

Before the current peso established in 1992, Argentina used several other currencies named peso, including the peso fuerte (1826-1881), peso moneda corriente (1826-1881), peso oro sellado (1881-1970), peso moneda nacional (1881-1970), peso ley (1970-1983), peso argentino (1983-1985), and the austral (1985-1991).

What was the significance of the "Convertibility plan" introduced in 1992?

The Convertibility plan, introduced in 1992, established the new peso (later known as the peso convertible) at a fixed exchange rate of 1 peso to 1 U.S. dollar. This policy aimed to combat severe inflation by pegging the peso's value to the U.S. dollar and requiring the Central Bank to hold equivalent foreign currency reserves.

When was the fixed exchange rate of 1 peso to 1 U.S. dollar abandoned?

The fixed exchange rate system, established by the Convertibility plan, was abandoned in January 2002, following the financial crisis of 2001. This led to a significant devaluation of the peso.

How did the Argentine peso's value change after the abandonment of the fixed exchange rate in 2002?

After the fixed exchange rate was abandoned in January 2002, the peso experienced a substantial devaluation, reaching a peak of four pesos to one U.S. dollar. This represented a 75% drop in value but also led to an export boom.

What measures did the Central Bank of Argentina take to manage the peso's value after 2002?

To prevent the peso from depreciating too rapidly, the Central Bank intervened by issuing pesos and buying U.S. dollars in the market. This strategy aimed to maintain export competitiveness and encourage domestic industries.

What is the "blue dollar" in the context of Argentine exchange rates?

The "blue dollar" is the colloquial term for the unregulated or parallel exchange rate that emerged in Argentina due to exchange control measures. It represents a market rate accessed by individuals and companies outside the official channels.

What was the official exchange rate for the Argentine peso in August 2023, and what was the parallel rate?

On August 14, 2023, the official exchange rate was set at 350 pesos to the U.S. dollar. At the same time, the unregulated or "blue" rate valued the peso at approximately 665 pesos per U.S. dollar.

What significant devaluation of the peso occurred in December 2023?

On December 12, 2023, following the election of Javier Milei, Economy Minister Luis Caputo implemented a devaluation of the official exchange rate, setting it at 800 pesos to the U.S. dollar, a 54% decrease from the previous rate of 366.5.

What was the initial monthly devaluation target for the peso after December 2023?

Following the December 2023 devaluation, the monthly devaluation target for the peso was initially set at 2%. This target was later adjusted to 1% in February 2025 as inflation began to ease.

What is the currency band established in April 2025 as part of an IMF agreement?

From April 14, 2025, Argentina's peso has been operating within a currency band of 1000 to 1400 pesos per U.S. dollar. This measure is part of an agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

What denominations of coins were introduced with the Argentine peso in 1992?

Upon the introduction of the peso in 1992, coins were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 centavos. A 1 peso coin was introduced in 1994, and a 2 peso coin followed in 2010.

What images are featured on the second series of circulating coins issued from 2017?

The second series of circulating coins, issued from 2017, features native flora on the obverse, such as the Jacaranda and Ceiba speciosa, and the national flower, the Ceibo (Erythrina crista-galli), on the reverse. Denominations include 1, 2, 5, and 10 pesos.

What historical event is commemorated on the 2-peso coin issued in 2007?

The 2-peso coin issued in 2007 commemorates the 25th anniversary of the Malvinas War, depicting an Argentine soldier on the reverse.

What historical figures are depicted on the first series of peso convertible banknotes issued in 1992?

The first series of peso convertible banknotes featured prominent Argentine historical figures: Bartolomé Mitre ($2), José de San Martín ($5), Manuel Belgrano ($10), Juan Manuel de Rosas ($20), Domingo Faustino Sarmiento ($50), and Julio Argentino Roca ($100).

What is the theme of the fourth series of Argentine banknotes, introduced in 2016?

The fourth series of Argentine banknotes, introduced in 2016, is themed "Native Fauna of Argentina." Each denomination showcases a different native animal on the obverse and its corresponding habitat on the reverse.

Which animals and habitats are depicted on the "Native Fauna of Argentina" banknote series?

The series includes a Guanaco in the Patagonian Desert ($20), an Andean condor near Aconcagua ($50), a Taruca in the Sierra de Famatina ($100), a Southern right whale at Valdes Peninsula ($200), a Jaguar in the Yungas ($500), and a Hornero on the Pampas ($1,000).

What is the theme of the fifth series of Argentine banknotes, announced in 2022?

The fifth series of banknotes, announced in 2022, is themed "Heroínas y héroes de nuestra historia" (Heroines and heroes of our history). It features Argentine historical figures and significant national events.

What figures are depicted on the 2,000-peso note issued in May 2023?

The 2,000-peso note, issued in May 2023, features pioneering doctors Cecilia Grierson and Ramón Carrillo, along with the Malbrán Institute, celebrating advancements in microbiology and healthcare.

What new, higher denominations of banknotes were announced for issuance by June 2024?

The Central Bank of Argentina announced plans to issue 10,000-peso and 20,000-peso notes by June 2024. The design originally intended for a 5,000-peso note was adapted for the 10,000-peso denomination.

What were the most commonly used banknotes in Argentina in early 2024 due to high inflation?

In early 2024, due to extremely high inflation, the most frequently used banknotes were those of 1,000, 2,000, and 10,000 pesos. Lower denominations like 10, 20, and 50 pesos were rarely seen in circulation.

What were the "soybean dollar" and "corn dollar" exchange rates?

The "soybean dollar" and "corn dollar" were special exchange rates introduced at various times to incentivize the export of soybeans and corn, respectively. These measures aimed to increase the Central Bank's foreign currency reserves.

What was the purpose of the "foreign tourist dollar" rate?

The "foreign tourist dollar" rate was introduced to offer tourists a more favorable exchange rate for transactions made with foreign payment cards. This policy aimed to boost tourism and discourage the use of the unofficial "blue dollar" market.

What historical event is commemorated on the 50-centavo coin issued in 1997?

The 50-centavo coin issued in 1997 commemorates the 50th anniversary of Eva Perón's death and the achievement of women's suffrage in Argentina.

What historical event is commemorated on the 1-peso coin issued in 1998?

The 1-peso coin issued in 1998 commemorates the establishment of Mercosur, the Southern Common Market, a significant regional economic integration initiative.

What is the significance of the 2-peso coin issued in 1999?

The 2-peso coin issued in 1999 was minted to honor the centenary of writer Jorge Luis Borges. Its reverse side features a labyrinth and the Hebrew letter aleph, reflecting Borges's literary themes.

What does the term "monetary anarchism" refer to in Argentina's currency history?

The term "monetary anarchism" describes the period in Argentina before 1881, characterized by a lack of a stable and unified monetary system, with various currencies circulating without clear regulation or central control.

What was the purpose of the "Convertibility plan" introduced in 1992?

The Convertibility plan, implemented in 1992, aimed to stabilize Argentina's economy and combat hyperinflation by pegging the peso to the U.S. dollar at a 1:1 ratio, supported by foreign currency reserves held by the Central Bank.

What are the main themes represented on the "Native Fauna of Argentina" banknote series?

The "Native Fauna of Argentina" series, introduced in 2016, showcases Argentina's diverse wildlife. Each banknote features a native animal on the obverse and its natural habitat on the reverse, highlighting the country's biodiversity.

What does the phrase "Tenemos Patria" signify in the context of the 2013 banknote series?

"Tenemos Patria," meaning "We have a country," is the title of the third banknote series introduced in 2013. This theme emphasizes national pride and features titles that identify the historical figures and events depicted on the notes.

What specific security feature was added to the 100-peso banknotes featuring Eva Perón in 2016?

In 2016, the 100-peso banknotes featuring Eva Perón were updated with a new security feature on their sides, designed to assist individuals with visual impairments.

What historical figures are depicted on the second series of peso convertible banknotes (from 1997)?

The second series of peso convertible banknotes features José de San Martín ($5), Manuel Belgrano ($10), Juan Manuel de Rosas ($20), Domingo Faustino Sarmiento ($50), and Julio Argentino Roca ($100). Later issues also include Eva Perón ($100) and themes related to the Falkland Islands ($50).

What was the purpose of removing the legend "Convertibles de curso legal" from banknotes after 2002?

The removal of the legend "Convertibles de curso legal" (convertible legal tender) from banknotes after 2002, as mandated by Law 25.561, signified the end of the fixed exchange rate policy and the peso's convertibility to the U.S. dollar.

Which peso banknotes have been withdrawn from circulation and replaced by coins?

The 2-peso banknotes were withdrawn from circulation on April 30, 2018, and the 5-peso banknotes were withdrawn on February 29, 2020. Both were replaced by coins of the same denominations to update the currency system.

What was the peso oro sellado, and when was it established?

The peso oro sellado (stamped gold peso) was established as Argentina's monetary unit by Law no. 1130 of 1881. It was a gold coin intended to provide a stable, gold-backed standard for the currency until 1929.

How did the peso moneda nacional (m$n) replace earlier currencies in 1881?

In 1881, the peso moneda nacional (m$n) replaced earlier currencies at a rate of 1 peso moneda nacional to 8 reales, 1 peso fuerte, or 25 peso moneda corriente, marking a significant step towards decimalization and monetary standardization.

What economic condition characterized the period of the austral's circulation (1985-1991)?

The period of the austral's circulation was marked by severe hyperinflation, with prices increasing rapidly and provincial governments even issuing their own currencies. This economic instability led to the eventual replacement of the austral.

What was the official exchange rate of the peso convertible upon its introduction in 1992?

Upon its introduction in 1992, the peso convertible was pegged to the U.S. dollar at an official exchange rate of 1 peso to 1 U.S. dollar, a key component of the Convertibility plan.

What was the purpose of the Central Bank's intervention in the currency market to keep the dollar price from dropping?

The Central Bank intervened by buying dollars to prevent the peso's appreciation from becoming too strong, which could harm export competitiveness. This action aimed to maintain a balance favorable to exports and domestic production.

What denominations of banknotes were planned but not issued in the "Heroines and heroes of our history" series?

While the "Heroines and heroes of our history" series was announced in 2022 with plans for 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 peso notes, some designs, like the one originally intended for a 500-peso note, were repurposed for higher denominations like the 10,000-peso note announced later.

What does the phrase "Convertibles de curso legal" mean in relation to Argentine banknotes?

"Convertibles de curso legal" means "convertible legal tender." This phrase on early peso convertible banknotes indicated that their value was fixed to the same amount in U.S. dollars and that they were backed by reserves.

What is the significance of the 100-peso banknote featuring Eva Perón?

The 100-peso banknote featuring Eva Perón is notable because its design was based on a banknote planned after her death in 1952 but never issued due to a coup. It was eventually released in 2012, symbolizing her enduring legacy.

What is the theme of the third series of banknotes, introduced in 2013?

The third series of banknotes, introduced in 2013, is titled "Tenemos Patria (We have a country)" and features titles that identify the historical figures and events depicted, such as José de San Martín's dream or Manuel Belgrano's raising of the flag, reinforcing national identity.

What does the Central Bank of Argentina do regarding currency issuance and reserves?

The Central Bank of Argentina is responsible for issuing the national currency, the peso, and managing its circulation. It also holds the country's foreign currency reserves and intervenes in the foreign exchange market to influence the peso's value.

What does the text mean by "monetary anarchism" in Argentina's currency history before 1881?

The term "monetary anarchism" refers to the period in Argentina before 1881 when there was a lack of a stable and unified monetary system. This era was characterized by various currencies and denominations circulating without clear regulation, leading to monetary instability.

What was the purpose of the "Convertibility plan" introduced in 1992?

The Convertibility plan, implemented in 1992, aimed to stabilize Argentina's economy and combat hyperinflation by pegging the peso to the U.S. dollar at a 1:1 ratio. This policy was backed by foreign currency reserves held by the Central Bank.

What are the main themes represented on the "Native Fauna of Argentina" banknote series?

The "Native Fauna of Argentina" series, introduced in 2016, highlights Argentina's diverse wildlife. Each banknote features a native animal on the obverse and its corresponding natural habitat on the reverse, celebrating the country's biodiversity.

What does the phrase "Tenemos Patria" signify in the context of the 2013 banknote series?

"Tenemos Patria," meaning "We have a country," is the title of the third banknote series introduced in 2013. This theme emphasizes national pride and features titles that identify the historical figures and events depicted on the notes, such as San Martín's dream or Belgrano's raising of the flag.

What specific security feature was added to the 100-peso banknotes featuring Eva Perón in 2016?

In 2016, the 100-peso banknotes featuring Eva Perón were updated with a new security feature on their sides, specifically designed to assist individuals with visual impairments.

What historical figures are depicted on the second series of peso convertible banknotes (from 1997)?

The second series of peso convertible banknotes features José de San Martín ($5), Manuel Belgrano ($10), Juan Manuel de Rosas ($20), Domingo Faustino Sarmiento ($50), and Julio Argentino Roca ($100). Later issues also include Eva Perón ($100) and themes related to the Falkland Islands ($50).

Argentine Peso Wiki: Argentine Peso: Navigating Monetary History and Economic Dynamics

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Introduction to the Peso Argentino

The Unit of Exchange

The Argentine peso, officially established as the peso convertible, is the contemporary currency of Argentina. It is identified within the nation by the symbol '$', mirroring the convention of other peso and dollar-denominated currencies. The currency is subdivided into 100 centavos, although due to significant inflation, smaller denominations are rarely issued or utilized in common transactions.

Standardization and Code

The international standard for the Argentine peso is defined by the ISO 4217 code, which is ARS. The numeric representation for this code is 032. This designation ensures global recognition and facilitates international financial transactions.

Historical Context and Inflation

Argentina's monetary history is marked by persistent and severe inflation, punctuated by periods of hyperinflation. Since the mid-20th century, currency revaluations have occurred periodically, with denominations being reduced at rates ranging from 100:1 to 10,000:1. The current peso, introduced in 1992 under the Convertibility Plan, replaced the Argentine austral. However, the peso has continued to experience substantial inflation, reaching critical levels in recent years, significantly impacting its purchasing power and stability.

A Chronicle of Argentine Currency

Early Monetary Systems

Prior to the establishment of a unified national currency, various forms of currency circulated, including the Spanish silver eight-real coin, often referred to as the 'peso'. Following independence, Argentina issued its own coinage in reales, soles, and escudos. The 'peso fuerte', a convertible currency introduced in 1826, was based on gold standards, while the 'peso moneda corriente' was a non-convertible paper currency that depreciated significantly over time. The 'peso moneda nacional' eventually replaced these earlier currencies in 1881.

Cycles of Revaluation

The period from 1881 to 1970 saw the 'peso moneda nacional' in circulation, initially convertible to gold. However, convertibility was intermittently maintained and eventually abandoned. Subsequent currency reforms included the 'peso ley' (1970-1983), the 'peso argentino' (1983-1985), and the 'austral' (1985-1991). Each transition was often necessitated by escalating inflation and a loss of public confidence in the existing currency.

The Peso Convertible Era

Introduced in 1992, the 'peso convertible' (ARS) was pegged at par with the U.S. dollar, a system intended to stabilize the economy. This convertibility was maintained until early 2002. Despite the initial success, subsequent economic crises led to the abandonment of the fixed exchange rate. The peso has since experienced significant devaluation against the U.S. dollar, with fluctuating official and parallel market rates becoming a defining characteristic of Argentina's recent economic landscape.

Denominations: Coins

Circulating Coinage

The initial series of circulating coins, introduced in 1992, included denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 centavos, along with 1 peso coins introduced in 1994. Later, 2-peso coins were issued in 2010. A new series of coins, featuring native flora, was introduced starting in 2017 with denominations of $1, $2, $5, and $10. While older centavo coins remain legal tender, their negligible value due to inflation renders them practically obsolete.

Commemorative Issues

Argentina has a tradition of issuing commemorative coins to mark significant historical events, anniversaries, and national figures. These issues, often in higher denominations like 50 centavos, 1 peso, 2 pesos, and 5 pesos, celebrate milestones such as the 50th anniversary of UNICEF, the contributions of figures like Eva Perón and José de San Martín, and events like the Falklands War (Malvinas War). While collectible, their circulation value is often superseded by their numismatic significance.

Circulating Coins of the Argentine Peso (1st Series)

Circulating coins of the Argentine peso (1st series)
Value	Obverse / Reverse	Ref
1 centavo	Laurel wreath and legend "in union and liberty"
5 centavos	Sun of May
10 centavos	Argentine coat of arms
25 centavos	Cabildo of Buenos Aires
50 centavos	Casa de Tucumán
1 peso	Argentine arms / Sun of May
2 pesos	Sun of May

Circulating Coins of the Argentine Peso (2nd Series - Native Fauna)

Circulating coins of the Argentine peso (2nd series)
Value	Obverse	Reverse
1 peso	Jacaranda	Ceibo
2 pesos	Palo Borracho
5 pesos	Arrayán
10 pesos	Caldén

Denominations: Banknotes

First Series (Convertibles, 1992)

The initial series of peso convertible banknotes, issued in 1992, featured denominations from $1 to $100. These notes bore the legend "Convertibles de curso legal," signifying their fixed value relative to the U.S. dollar. While the $1 note was replaced by a coin, many of these banknotes, particularly higher denominations, remain in circulation, though often bearing updated designs or security features.

Subsequent Series and Themes

Following the initial series, Argentina introduced new banknote designs incorporating various themes. The "Tenemos Patria" series (2013) featured historical figures, while the "Native Fauna of Argentina" series (2016) highlighted the country's diverse wildlife. More recent series, beginning in 2022, have returned to featuring prominent historical figures and national events, reflecting a blend of cultural heritage and national identity.

Banknotes of the Peso Convertible (Selected Series)

Value	Main Color	Obverse	Reverse	Issue Period
$2 (Series F-M)	Blue	Bartolomé Mitre	Museo Mitre	1997-2018
$5 (Series J)	Green	José de San Martín	Cerro de la Gloria	2015-2020
$10 (Series N-Q)	Brown	Manuel Belgrano	Monumento a la Bandera	1998- (current)
$20 (Series G)	Red	Juan Manuel de Rosas	Combate de la Vuelta de Obligado	1999- (current)
$50 (Series I)	Black	Domingo Faustino Sarmiento	Casa Rosada	1999- (current)
$100 (Series Z-GA)	Purple	Julio Argentino Roca	La Conquista del Desierto	1999- (current)
$100 (Series AA-JA)	Purple	Eva Perón	Ara Pacis detail	2012- (current)
$1,000	Orange	José de San Martín	Crossing of the Andes	May 2022
$2,000	Red/Gray	Cecilia Grierson / Ramón Carrillo	Malbrán Institute	May 2023
$10,000	Cyan	Manuel Belgrano / María Remedios del Valle	Argentine flag oath (1812)	May 2024
$20,000	Blue	Juan Bautista Alberdi	Alberdi's birthplace	Nov 2024

Exchange Rate Dynamics

Official vs. Parallel Markets

Argentina's currency management has been characterized by the implementation of exchange control measures, leading to the emergence of multiple exchange rates. The official rate, managed by the Central Bank, often diverges significantly from the parallel market rate (colloquially known as the "dólar blue"). This disparity reflects underlying economic pressures and influences capital flight and investment decisions.

Special Exchange Regimes

To stimulate specific economic sectors and manage foreign reserves, Argentina has periodically introduced special exchange rates. These include the "soybean dollar" and "corn dollar," offering preferential rates for agricultural exports. Additionally, a "foreign tourist dollar" rate was established to encourage tourism spending via foreign payment cards, aiming to bridge the gap between official and parallel market values.

The Central Bank's Role

Banco Central de la República Argentina

The Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (BCRA) is the primary institution responsible for monetary policy and currency issuance in Argentina. Its mandate includes maintaining price stability, managing foreign exchange reserves, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the financial system. The BCRA's actions, particularly concerning exchange rate policy and inflation control, are critical determinants of the peso's stability and value.

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References

Argentina 1 centavo

Argentina 5 centavos

Argentina 10 centavos

Argentina 25 centavos

Argentina 50 centavos

Argentina 1 peso

Argentina 2 pesos

Argentina 1 peso (from 2017)

Argentina 2 pesos (from 2018)

Argentina 5 pesos (from 2017)

Argentina 10 pesos (from 2018)

50 centavos (50th anniversary of UNICEF)

1 peso (50th anniversary of UNICEF)

1 peso (The establishment of Mercosur)

BCRA Billetes de 100 pesos "AA"

A full list of references for this article are available at the Argentine peso Wikipedia page

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Important Notice Regarding Content

This document has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence, drawing upon publicly available data from Wikipedia. It is intended strictly for educational and informational purposes, reflecting an academic perspective on the Argentine Peso. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness based on the provided source material, the content may not be entirely exhaustive, up-to-date, or free from interpretation.

This is not financial or economic advice. The information presented herein should not be construed as professional consultation regarding monetary policy, investment, or economic strategy. Readers are strongly advised to consult official sources, such as the Central Bank of Argentina, and seek guidance from qualified financial and economic professionals for any decisions related to personal or institutional finance.

The creators of this educational resource are not liable for any errors, omissions, or actions taken based on the information provided. Users engage with this content at their own discretion and risk.

Argentine Peso: Navigating Monetary History and Economic Dynamics

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction to the Peso Argentino ℹ️

💰 The Unit of Exchange

🗂️ Standardization and Code

📈 Historical Context and Inflation

A Chronicle of Argentine Currency 📜

⏳ Early Monetary Systems

🔄 Cycles of Revaluation

⚖️ The Peso Convertible Era

Denominations: Coins 🪙

🏛️ Circulating Coinage

🏆 Commemorative Issues

Circulating Coins of the Argentine Peso (1st Series)

Circulating Coins of the Argentine Peso (2nd Series - Native Fauna)

Denominations: Banknotes 💵

📜 First Series (Convertibles, 1992)

🎨 Subsequent Series and Themes

Banknotes of the Peso Convertible (Selected Series)

Exchange Rate Dynamics 📈

↔️ Official vs. Parallel Markets

⚙️ Special Exchange Regimes

The Central Bank's Role 🏦

🏦 Banco Central de la República Argentina

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References

📜 References

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction to the Peso Argentino

The Unit of Exchange

Standardization and Code

Historical Context and Inflation

A Chronicle of Argentine Currency

Early Monetary Systems

Cycles of Revaluation

The Peso Convertible Era

Denominations: Coins

Circulating Coinage

Commemorative Issues

Denominations: Banknotes

First Series (Convertibles, 1992)

Subsequent Series and Themes

Exchange Rate Dynamics

Official vs. Parallel Markets

Special Exchange Regimes

The Central Bank's Role

Banco Central de la República Argentina

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice Regarding Content