What was the Barony of Baltimore, and to which peerage did it belong?

The Barony of Baltimore was a noble title created in the Peerage of Ireland. This means it was a hereditary title of nobility within the Irish peerage system, granting the holder the rank of Baron.

When was the Barony of Baltimore established, and who was responsible for its creation?

The Barony of Baltimore was created in the year 1625 by King James I of England. King James I was the monarch who established this specific noble title.

Who was the very first individual to be granted the title of Baron Baltimore?

The first person to hold the title of Baron Baltimore was Sir George Calvert. He was granted the barony in 1625, marking the beginning of the Calvert family's connection to this title.

What led to the extinction of the Barony of Baltimore, and when did this occur?

The Barony of Baltimore became extinct on September 4, 1771, following the death of its sixth holder, Frederick Calvert. The title ended because there were no surviving direct male heirs to inherit it.

In which specific location in Ireland was the Barony of Baltimore situated?

The Barony of Baltimore was associated with Baltimore in County Longford, Ireland. This geographical connection is noted in the title's designation.

Who was Sir George Calvert, and why was he granted the Barony of Baltimore?

Sir George Calvert was granted the Barony of Baltimore in 1625. He was a prominent figure who later supported English colonization efforts in North America, which would become a significant aspect of his family's legacy.

Over how many generations did the Calvert family hold the title of Baron Baltimore?

The Barony of Baltimore was held by six members of the Calvert family across six generations. This indicates a continuous lineage of titleholders for approximately 146 years.

What significant territories or palatinates were governed by the Barons Baltimore?

The Barons Baltimore held proprietary rights over the palatinates of the Province of Avalon in Newfoundland and the Maryland Palatinate, which later became the Province of Maryland and eventually the American State of Maryland. These were essentially feudal territories granting significant autonomy.

In the context of United States history, which Baron Baltimore is most frequently referenced, and what is the reason for this prominence?

In U.S. history, Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore, is most frequently referenced. His prominence stems from his role as the proprietor of Maryland and the naming of major geographical features after him.

How did the city of Baltimore, Maryland, and its surrounding county acquire their names?

The port city of Baltimore, Maryland, and Baltimore County were named after Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore. This naming occurred during his lifetime, reflecting the family's significant landholdings and influence in the region.

Who was Leonard Calvert, and what was his pioneering role in the Province of Maryland?

Leonard Calvert, the younger brother of Cecil Calvert (2nd Baron Baltimore), was the first colonial Governor of Maryland. He led the initial group of settlers across the Atlantic Ocean in 1633-1634 to establish the colony.

Could you list the six individuals who successively held the title of Baron Baltimore?

The six Barons Baltimore were: Sir George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore; Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore; Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore; Benedict Leonard Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore; Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore; and Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore.

What was the primary family estate or mansion in the British Isles associated with the Barons Baltimore?

The main family home in the British Isles was a landscaped mansion and estate known as Woodcote Park, located in Epsom, Surrey. This property was inherited and passed down through the family.

What happened to the Woodstock Park estate owned by the 4th Baron Baltimore?

In 1705, the 4th Baron Baltimore sold Woodstock Park to the Crown. The estate was subsequently demolished and replaced by Blenheim Palace, which was granted to the Duke of Marlborough.

Besides Woodcote Park, what other property did the 4th Baron Baltimore acquire in Epsom, Surrey?

On the death of his distant cousin Lady Ann(s) Lewknor, the 4th Baron Baltimore inherited an additional manor house and farm in Epsom, Surrey. This acquisition complemented the family's existing ownership of Woodcote Park.

What was the name of Frederick Calvert, the 6th Baron Baltimore's London residence, and what notable legal issue was associated with it?

Frederick Calvert's London home was known as Baltimore House, located on the south-east side of Russell Square. He was prosecuted for causing the ruin of a young milliner named Sarah Woodcock, though he was acquitted.

Where did Frederick Calvert, the 6th and final Baron Baltimore, pass away?

Frederick Calvert, the 6th Baron Baltimore, died in Naples. His remains were later transported back to London for a period of lying in state.

Who was Leonard Calvert, and what was his significance in the founding of Maryland?

Leonard Calvert, the second son of the 1st Baron Baltimore, served as the first colonial Governor of Maryland. He led the initial group of settlers on the ships The Ark and The Dove in 1633-1634.

What role did Phillip Calvert play in the governance of the Province of Maryland?

Phillip Calvert, a member of the Calvert family, served as the fifth proprietary/colonial Governor of Maryland from 1660 to 1682. He was appointed to replace the insurgent leader Josias Fendall.

Who was Captain Charles Calvert (1680–1734), and what was his position in Maryland?

Captain Charles Calvert was the fourteenth Governor of Maryland, serving in 1720. He was appointed by his cousin, the 5th Baron Baltimore, during a period when the Calvert family had regained control of their proprietary colony.

What was Benedict Leonard Calvert's role in the administration of Maryland?

Benedict Leonard Calvert served as the fifteenth Governor of Maryland from 1727 to 1731. He was appointed by his brother, Charles Calvert, the 5th Baron Baltimore.

Who was Benedict Swingate Calvert, and what was his stance during the American Revolution?

Benedict Swingate Calvert was the illegitimate son of the 5th Baron Baltimore and served as a Proprietor and Colonial Governor of Maryland. He was a Loyalist and a Judge of the Land Office before the American Revolution.

What was Eleanor Calvert's familial connection to prominent American figures?

Eleanor Calvert was the daughter-in-law of Martha Dandridge Washington and the stepdaughter-in-law of George Washington, the first President of the United States. This connected her to one of the most influential families in early America.

Who was Henry Harford, and what is his connection to the Barony of Baltimore and Maryland's geography?

Henry Harford was the illegitimate son of Frederick Calvert, the 6th and last Baron Baltimore, and served as the fifth and final Proprietor of Maryland. Harford County, Maryland, is named in his honor.

What was Rosalie Stier Calvert's role in Maryland?

Rosalie Stier Calvert was a plantation owner in Maryland, along with her husband George Calvert. She is noted for her role in managing the Riversdale plantation.

Who was George Henry Calvert, and what were his literary contributions?

George Henry Calvert was an essayist, dramatist, poet, and biographer. He was a notable literary figure within the Calvert family lineage.

What significant educational institution was founded by Charles Benedict Calvert?

Charles Benedict Calvert, a U.S. Representative from Maryland, founded the Maryland Agricultural College in 1856. This institution is now known as the University of Maryland, College Park.

Can you provide examples of geographical locations in Maryland named in honor of the Barons Baltimore or their family members?

Numerous locations in Maryland bear names associated with the Barons Baltimore, including Baltimore County, Baltimore City, Calvert County, Cecil County, Charles County, Frederick County, Leonardtown, St. Leonard, and Calvert Cliffs. Streets like Charles Street and Calvert Street in Baltimore are also named in their honor.

Which county in Maryland is named after Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore?

Cecil County, Maryland, is named after Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore. This reflects his significant role as the proprietor of the Maryland colony.

Whose wife is recognized as the namesake for Anne Arundel County, Maryland?

Anne Arundell, the wife of Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore, is the namesake for Anne Arundel County, Maryland. This honors her connection to the proprietary family.

For whom is Harford County, Maryland, named?

Harford County, Maryland, is named in honor of Henry Harford. He was the illegitimate son of Frederick Calvert, the 6th and last Baron Baltimore, and the final proprietor of Maryland.

What is the origin of the name for Leonardtown, Maryland?

Leonardtown, Maryland, is named after Leonard Calvert, the younger brother of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore. He was instrumental in the early settlement and governance of the Province of Maryland.

What is the significance of Baltimore Street in Cumberland, Maryland?

Baltimore Street is the main downtown street in Cumberland, Maryland. It serves as a primary commercial thoroughfare in the city.

What historical event is closely associated with the Baltimore Road in Bladensburg, Maryland?

The Baltimore Road in Bladensburg gained historical significance due to its role in the Battle of Bladensburg and the subsequent Burning of Washington during the War of 1812. This road was a key route during this conflict.

Are there any geographical locations in Newfoundland and Labrador named after the Calvert family?

Yes, on the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador, there is a settlement named Calvert. Additionally, a Baltimore School is located in the nearby town of Ferryland.

Where is a notable statue of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore, located?

A life-sized bronze statue of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore, is situated on the steps of the Baltimore City Circuit Court House at the St. Paul Street entrance. This courthouse is now known as the Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse.

What was the Calvert Arms Flag, and what did its design elements symbolize?

The Calvert Arms Flag was a flag used by military units of the colonial militia of the Province of Maryland before the American Revolution. Its design featured the Union Jack from the Acts of Union 1707 as a canton, along with a St. George's Cross and a St. Andrew's Cross, representing the patron saints of England and Scotland, respectively.

How does the Calvert family's heraldry relate to the modern flag of Maryland?

The modern flag of the State of Maryland prominently features the Calvert-Crossland family's coats-of-arms and shield. This heraldry includes the black and gold chevrons associated with the Calvert family.

What historical context is provided for the use of the Calvert Arms Flag and the modern Maryland flag during the American Civil War?

During the American Civil War, the black and gold chevrons of the Calvert arms were used by Northern Union Army regiments, while Southern Confederate States Army units used the red and white trefoil cross botonee from the Crossland family arms. This reflects the division within the state during that conflict.

Where can one access historical texts related to Baron Baltimore?

The text of a 1905 article about Baron Baltimore from the New International Encyclopedia can be found on Wikisource. Additionally, a family tree is available online for reference.

What is the purpose of the 'Lord Calvert' redirection note at the beginning of the article?

The redirection note at the beginning of the article clarifies that 'Lord Calvert' redirects to the Baron Baltimore title, but also points readers to 'Calvert Distillery' for information on Lord Calvert whiskey. This helps users find the correct information based on their search term.

How old was Frederick Calvert, the 6th Baron Baltimore, when he died, leading to the extinction of the title?

Frederick Calvert, the 6th Baron Baltimore, was 40 years old when he died in 1771. His death without direct heirs marked the end of the Barony of Baltimore.

What were the names of the two ships that carried the first settlers to Maryland under the direction of Leonard Calvert?

The first settlers to Maryland traveled across the Atlantic Ocean on the ships named The Ark and The Dove. These voyages occurred in late 1633 and early 1634.

During what years did Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore, rule as proprietor of Maryland?

Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore, ruled as the proprietor of Maryland from 1632 until his death in 1675. This was a significant period in the colony's early development.

When was the statue of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore, dedicated, and where is it located?

The bronze statue of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore, was dedicated on November 21, 1908. It is located on the steps of the Baltimore City Circuit Court House at the St. Paul Street entrance.

What is the significance of the year 1964 in relation to the area around the statue of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore?

In 1964, a fountain and a tree-shaded small plaza or park were developed across the street from the statue of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore. This space is situated between East Fayette and East Lexington Streets.

When was Harford County, Maryland, formed, and from which existing county was it split?

Harford County, Maryland, was formed in 1774. It was split off from part of Baltimore County, located to its northeast.

What year saw the initial establishment of Baltimore City and Baltimore County, respectively?

Baltimore County was established in 1659, while Baltimore City was founded later, with its initial establishment noted around 1729 and a subsequent period around 1797. These dates mark the formal creation of these significant administrative and geographical entities.

In what year was Baltimore House, the London residence of Frederick Calvert, constructed?

Baltimore House, the London residence of Frederick Calvert, the 6th Baron Baltimore, was built in 1759. It was situated on the south-east side of Russell Square.

When did the Baltimore City Circuit Court House receive its current name, the Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse?

The Baltimore City Circuit Court House was renamed the Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse in 1985. This renaming honored a prominent local Civil Rights Movement leader.

What publication and artist are cited as the source for the image of Woodcote Park?

The image of Woodcote Park is sourced from 'Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. L.P.' This work was drawn by John Preston Neale and published in a series of six volumes between 1819 and 1823.

Baron Baltimore Wiki: The Lords of Baltimore: A Legacy of Colonial Power and Aristocracy

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Historical Context

Genesis of the Barony

The Barony of Baltimore, situated in County Longford, Ireland, was a title within the Peerage of Ireland. Established in 1625 by King James I of England, it was bestowed upon Sir George Calvert, marking the formal ennoblement of the Calvert family. This barony represented a significant aristocratic recognition, tied to the family's growing influence and colonial endeavors.

The Calvert Dynasty

The title was held by six successive generations of the Calvert family, spanning from its creation in 1625 until its extinction in 1771 upon the death of Frederick Calvert, the 6th Baron. This lineage was intrinsically linked to the proprietary governance of significant colonial territories, notably the Province of Avalon in Newfoundland and the Maryland Palatinate, which later evolved into the American state of Maryland.

Colonial Proprietorship

The Barons Baltimore served as Lords Proprietors, wielding considerable authority over their vast colonial holdings. This role placed them at the forefront of English colonization in North America. The most prominent figure in this regard, particularly in American history, is Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore, whose family's extensive land grants and governance in Maryland profoundly shaped the region's development.

The Barons of Baltimore

Lineage and Succession

The barony passed through six generations of the Calvert family, each bearing the title of Lord Baltimore. The succession was generally through male heirs, as stipulated by the remainder to "Heirs male of the body lawfully begotten." The title's duration, from 1625 to 1771, reflects a significant period of aristocratic and colonial influence.

Holders of the Title

The six Barons Baltimore were:

Barony of Baltimore

Creation date	1625
Created by	James I
Peerage	Peerage of Ireland
First holder	Sir George Calvert
Last holder	Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore
Remainder to	Heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Extinction date	4 September 1771

Sir George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632)
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675)
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715)
Benedict Leonard Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (1679–1715)
Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1699–1751)
Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771)

Family Seats and Abodes

Residences in the British Isles

The Calvert family maintained significant estates within the British Isles. Initially, their primary seat was a landscaped mansion known as Woodstock Park. This estate was sold to the Crown in 1705 and subsequently became the site for Blenheim Palace. To compensate, the family acquired Woodcote Park in Epsom, Surrey, which passed down through generations.

Woodcote Park, located in Epsom, Surrey, became a principal residence after the sale of Woodstock. The family's ownership of this estate continued to the heirs of the 6th Baron. Contemporary accounts describe the family's London residence on Russell Square, a notable mansion built for the 6th Baron, which later housed other prominent figures.

Colonial Governance Centers

While not traditional "seats" in the sense of aristocratic residences, the proprietary governance centers in the colonies, particularly St. Mary's City and later Annapolis in Maryland, served as focal points of the Barons' authority and administration. These locations were crucial for managing their vast North American territories.

Notable Calverts and Descendants

Colonial Governors

Several members of the Calvert family played pivotal roles in the administration of the Province of Maryland. Leonard Calvert, younger brother of the 1st Baron, served as the first colonial Governor. Later, Phillip Calvert, Charles Calvert, and Benedict Leonard Calvert also held the governorship, demonstrating the family's sustained involvement in colonial governance.

Political and Social Ties

The family's influence extended to broader American history. Benedict Swingate Calvert, an illegitimate son of the 5th Baron, was a Loyalist and Judge. Eleanor Calvert, his niece, became the stepdaughter-in-law of George Washington. Henry Harford, the illegitimate son of the 6th Baron, became the last Proprietor of Maryland.

Cultural and Political Contributions

Beyond governance, descendants made notable contributions. George Henry Calvert was an essayist and biographer. Charles Benedict Calvert was a U.S. Representative and the founder of the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland). Rosalie Stier Calvert was a plantation owner.

Enduring Legacy

Naming Conventions

The influence of the Barons Baltimore is indelibly marked across the geography of Maryland and beyond. Numerous counties, cities, and streets bear their names, including Baltimore County, Baltimore City, Calvert County, Charles County, and Frederick County. This widespread nomenclature serves as a constant reminder of their foundational role in the region's history.

Heraldry and Identity

The Calvert family's coat of arms, featuring distinctive black and gold chevrons, remains a potent symbol. It is prominently featured on the modern flag of the State of Maryland. Historically, variations of the Calvert Arms Flag were used by colonial militia units, symbolizing their connection to the proprietary government and English heritage.

Connections to Key Figures

The family's social connections were significant. Eleanor Calvert's marriage linked the family to George Washington, the first U.S. President. The naming of Harford County for Henry Harford further illustrates the lasting impact of the family's lineage on the political and geographical landscape of Maryland.

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References

Barons, earls, viscounts and marquesses are since the Middle Ages save when being formally introduced are called "Lord...[name]"

A full list of references for this article are available at the Baron Baltimore Wikipedia page

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Important Notice

This document has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence for educational and research purposes, drawing exclusively from the provided source material. It is intended for higher education students and researchers seeking a comprehensive understanding of the Barony of Baltimore and the Calvert family.

This is not a substitute for primary source research or expert historical consultation. While efforts have been made to accurately reflect the source content and maintain an academic tone, the information presented should be cross-referenced with original historical documents and scholarly works. The AI does not provide historical interpretation beyond that present in the source text.

The creators of this content are not responsible for any inaccuracies, omissions, or interpretations derived from the use of this document. Users are encouraged to consult original sources for definitive historical analysis.

The Lords of Baltimore

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Historical Context 🏛️

📜 Genesis of the Barony

👑 The Calvert Dynasty

🗺️ Colonial Proprietorship

The Barons of Baltimore 👨‍ aristocratic

📜 Lineage and Succession

👥 Holders of the Title

Family Seats and Abodes 🏡

🇬🇧 Residences in the British Isles

🇺🇸 Colonial Governance Centers

Notable Calverts and Descendants 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

🧭 Colonial Governors

🇺🇸 Political and Social Ties

🎓 Cultural and Political Contributions

Enduring Legacy 🚩

🗺️ Naming Conventions

🚩 Heraldry and Identity

🔗 Connections to Key Figures

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Academic Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Historical Context

Genesis of the Barony

The Calvert Dynasty

Colonial Proprietorship

The Barons of Baltimore

Lineage and Succession

Holders of the Title

Family Seats and Abodes

Residences in the British Isles

Colonial Governance Centers

Notable Calverts and Descendants

Colonial Governors

Political and Social Ties

Cultural and Political Contributions

Enduring Legacy

Naming Conventions

Heraldry and Identity

Connections to Key Figures

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Notice