Who was Bijjala II and what was his primary role in the Kalyani Chalukyas?

Bijjala II, also known as BijjalaDeva, was a significant figure who served as the Mahamandaleshwara of the Kalyani Chalukyas. This title indicates he held a high position, essentially acting as a chief or governor within the larger Chalukya kingdom.

What is the historical period associated with Bijjala II's reign?

Bijjala II's reign is generally dated from approximately 1130 CE to 1167 CE. This period places him within the medieval history of India.

What was Bijjala II's initial political status before declaring independence?

Initially, Bijjala II served as a vassal under the Kalyani Chalukyas, specifically under rulers like Vikramaditya VI. He governed significant territories as a Mahamandaleshwara, which means he was a subordinate ruler loyal to the Chalukya emperor.

Which specific provinces did Bijjala II govern as Mahamandaleshwara?

Bijjala II held administrative control over the provinces designated as Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000. These were important administrative divisions within the larger Western Chalukya empire.

What prompted Bijjala II to revolt against the Western Chalukya Empire?

Bijjala II seized the opportunity to revolt against the Western Chalukya Empire following the death of Emperor Vikramaditya VI. The weakening of the empire after Vikramaditya VI's demise created a power vacuum that Bijjala II exploited to declare his independence.

When did Bijjala II assume imperial titles, marking his transition to independent rule?

Bijjala II officially assumed imperial titles in the year 1157 CE. This act signified his break from vassalage and his establishment as an independent ruler.

What is the significance of the title Mahabhujabalachakravarti attributed to Bijjala II?

The Chikkalagi inscription refers to Bijjala II with the title Mahabhujabalachakravarti. This Sanskrit title translates to 'the great unopposed ruler with strong arms,' highlighting his perceived power and authority.

How did Bijjala II's assertion of independence impact other feudatories of the Chalukyas?

Bijjala II's move towards independence seemed to inspire or coincide with similar actions by other feudatories. For instance, the Kakatiya ruler Prola II also broke free from Chalukya rule around the same period in the mid-12th century.

What significant military action did Bijjala II take against the Chalukya capital by 1162 CE?

By 1162 CE, Bijjala II had successfully driven out Taila III, the Chalukya ruler, from Kalyani. Kalyani was the traditional capital of the Western Chalukyas, making this a decisive victory for Bijjala II.

Where did Bijjala II establish his new capital, and what is its alternative name?

Bijjala II shifted his capital from Mangalavada to Kalyani, which is also known as Basavakalyan. This move placed him at the heart of the former Chalukya territory.

Who was Bijjala II's predecessor in his role as Mahamandaleshwara?

Permadi is identified as the predecessor of Bijjala II. Bijjala II likely took over the governance of the Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000 provinces after Permadi.

Who succeeded Bijjala II on the throne, and during what period did they rule?

Bijjala II was succeeded by his younger son, Sovideva. Sovideva ruled approximately from 1167 CE to 1176 CE, continuing the rule of the Southern Kalachuris.

What was Bijjala II's personal religious affiliation?

Bijjala II was a follower of Jainism. This religious inclination was shared by many of his predecessors within the Kalachuri dynasty.

How did Bijjala II demonstrate his patronage towards Jainism?

Evidence from inscriptions and historical records indicates that Bijjala II actively patronized Jainism. He provided support to Jain acharyas (spiritual teachers) and allocated land grants for Jain temples, reflecting the religion's influence during his time.

What significant religious movement emerged during Bijjala II's reign?

During Bijjala II's rule, the Virashaiva movement, also known as the Lingayat movement, gained prominence. This was a significant development in the religious landscape of the Deccan region.

Who was the key leader of the Virashaiva movement during Bijjala II's time, and what was his role in Bijjala's administration?

Basavanna was the prominent leader of the Virashaiva movement during Bijjala II's reign. He served as Bijjala II's Mahamāndraka, which is equivalent to a prime minister or chief minister in the administration.

Despite his personal faith, how did Bijjala II interact with the Virashaiva movement led by Basavanna?

Although Bijjala II remained personally committed to Jainism, he permitted Basavanna to propagate his reformist religious ideas. This tolerance allowed for the establishment of the Anubhava Mantapa, a platform for spiritual and social discourse.

What institution did Basavanna establish with Bijjala II's allowance?

With Bijjala II's permission, Basavanna established the Anubhava Mantapa. This institution served as a significant center for the Virashaiva movement, fostering discussion and the spread of its teachings.

What kind of conflicts arose during Bijjala II's reign related to religious groups?

Bijjala II's reign witnessed conflicts emerging between orthodox religious groups and certain followers of the Lingayat (Virashaiva) movement. These tensions contributed to the social and political climate of the time.

When and under what circumstances was Bijjala II assassinated?

Bijjala II was assassinated in 1167 CE. The assassination reportedly occurred due to conflicts involving religious groups, specifically involving followers of Basavanna.

Who were reportedly responsible for the assassination of Bijjala II?

According to historical accounts, Bijjala II was assassinated by what are described as Radical Sharanas Groups. These groups were associated with the Virashaiva movement.

Did Basavanna himself play a direct role in Bijjala II's assassination?

No, according to historian Dr. P.B. Desai, Basavanna himself was not responsible for the assassination of Bijjala II. While Bijjala became unpopular with Basava's followers, Desai clarifies that Basava was not directly involved in the incident.

What was the immediate political consequence of Bijjala II's assassination?

Bijjala II's assassination in 1167 CE led to significant political instability in Kalyani, the capital city. This instability likely weakened the authority of the Southern Kalachuris.

How is Bijjala II's rule generally characterized in terms of its overall nature?

Bijjala II's rule is described as being marked by turbulence, encompassing both domestic political challenges and social upheavals, particularly related to religious movements.

Describe the image associated with Bijjala II in the provided source material.

The source material includes an image depicting coinage from the Kalachuris of Kalyani, specifically from the era of Bijjala II's rule. This visual element highlights the economic and administrative aspects of his reign.

What does the presence of a 'citation needed' tag in the article suggest about certain information?

The 'citation needed' tag indicates that a specific claim or piece of information within the article requires verification through reliable sources. It highlights areas where further evidence is necessary for factual confirmation.

What does the title 'Samrat' signify in the context of Bijjala II?

The title 'Samrat,' mentioned in the infobox, is a Sanskrit term often translated as Emperor. Its inclusion suggests Bijjala II's aspiration or claim to supreme sovereign power, beyond that of a regional governor.

What was the relationship between Bijjala II and the Kalachuris of Kalyani?

Bijjala II was a prominent ruler of the Southern Kalachuris, who later became known as the Kalachuris of Kalyani. He was instrumental in establishing their independent rule from the capital city of Kalyani.

How did Bijjala II's relationship with the Western Chalukya Empire evolve over time?

Initially, Bijjala II served as a loyal vassal Mahamandaleshwara under the Western Chalukya Empire. However, as the empire weakened, he revolted, declared independence, and eventually drove the Chalukya ruler out of their capital, Kalyani.

What do the provincial designations Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000 represent?

Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000 were designations for specific territories or provinces within the larger Western Chalukya kingdom. Bijjala II governed these areas as a Mahamandaleshwara before his revolt.

Why did Bijjala II shift his capital from Mangalavada to Kalyani?

Bijjala II shifted his capital from Mangalavada to Kalyani (Basavakalyan) after driving out the Western Chalukya ruler Taila III. Establishing his capital in the former Chalukya seat of power solidified his claim as the new dominant ruler in the region.

What does the title Mahamandaleshwara imply about Bijjala II's position?

The title Mahamandaleshwara, held by Bijjala II, signifies a high-ranking governor or chief responsible for a large territory within a larger empire. It indicates a position of considerable regional authority, often with military and administrative powers.

What is the historical significance of Bijjala II assuming titles like Sriprithvivallabha and Parameshvara?

By assuming Chalukyan titles such as Sriprithvivallabha and Parameshvara, Bijjala II was asserting his sovereignty and legitimacy as an independent ruler. These titles were historically associated with emperors and signified supreme authority.

What role did Basavanna play as Mahamāndraka under Bijjala II?

Basavanna served as the Mahamāndraka, essentially the prime minister, in Bijjala II's administration. In this capacity, he was a key figure in governance and also played a crucial role in promoting the Virashaiva movement.

What was the purpose of the Anubhava Mantapa established during Bijjala II's reign?

The Anubhava Mantapa, established by Basavanna with Bijjala II's permission, served as a significant platform for the Virashaiva movement. It was a forum for spiritual and social discussion, promoting reformist ideas and fostering community among followers.

Who are the 'Radical Sharanas Groups' mentioned in connection with Bijjala II's death?

The 'Radical Sharanas Groups' are mentioned as the alleged assassins of Bijjala II. These groups were associated with the Virashaiva movement, suggesting internal conflicts or radical factions within the movement may have been involved.

What historical perspective does Dr. P.B. Desai offer regarding Bijjala II's assassination?

Historian Dr. P.B. Desai suggests that Bijjala II became unpopular with the followers of Basavanna and was assassinated by them. However, Dr. Desai explicitly states that Basavanna himself was not responsible for the assassination incident.

What was the political context in the Deccan Plateau that facilitated Bijjala II's rise?

The weakening of the Western Chalukya Empire after the death of Vikramaditya VI created a period of political instability. This allowed ambitious feudatories like Bijjala II to challenge imperial authority and carve out their own independent domains.

How did Bijjala II and his successors influence the Deccan Plateau's political landscape?

Bijjala II and his successors ruled the Deccan Plateau for approximately a quarter of a century. Their establishment of the Southern Kalachuri kingdom marked a significant shift in regional power dynamics following the decline of the Western Chalukyas.

What does the term 'Deccan Plateau' refer to in the context of Bijjala II's rule?

The Deccan Plateau is a large, elevated region in southern India. Bijjala II and his successors ruled over this significant geographical area, making it the core territory of their independent kingdom.

Who was Bijjala II's immediate predecessor as Mahamandaleshwara?

Permadi was the predecessor of Bijjala II. Bijjala II likely inherited or took over the governance of the Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000 provinces from Permadi.

What was the significance of Bijjala II driving Taila III out of Kalyani?

Driving Taila III out of Kalyani was a pivotal moment, as Kalyani was the capital of the Western Chalukyas. This act demonstrated Bijjala II's military strength and effectively transferred control of the Chalukya heartland to the Kalachuris.

How did Bijjala II's reign contribute to the spread of Jainism in the region?

As a devout follower of Jainism, Bijjala II's patronage through land grants and support for Jain acharyas helped maintain and potentially expand the influence of Jainism within his kingdom during his reign.

What was the relationship between Bijjala II's Jain faith and his prime minister Basavanna's Virashaiva movement?

Bijjala II, a Jain, appointed Basavanna, a proponent of the emerging Virashaiva movement, as his prime minister (Mahamāndraka). Despite their different faiths, Bijjala II allowed Basavanna considerable freedom to promote his religious and social reforms.

What does the term 'Kalachuris of Kalyani' signify in relation to Bijjala II?

The term 'Kalachuris of Kalyani' refers to the dynasty established by Bijjala II and continued by his successors after they seized control of the former Chalukya capital. Bijjala II is considered the most famous ruler of this Southern Kalachuri branch.

What does the phrase 'assumed imperial titles in 1157' imply about Bijjala II's political ambitions?

Assuming imperial titles in 1157 CE signifies Bijjala II's definitive declaration of sovereignty and his ambition to be recognized as an independent emperor, rather than merely a regional governor or vassal.

How did the emergence of the Virashaiva movement under Basavanna interact with existing religious traditions during Bijjala II's rule?

The emergence of the Virashaiva movement presented a new religious and social force during Bijjala II's reign. It led to interactions, and sometimes conflicts, with established orthodox groups, reflecting a period of religious dynamism and tension.

What is the significance of Bijjala II shifting his capital to Kalyani (Basavakalyan)?

Shifting the capital to Kalyani (Basavakalyan) was a strategic move that symbolized Bijjala II's conquest and usurpation of the Western Chalukya throne. It placed the center of his new Kalachuri kingdom in the traditional seat of power.

What does the source suggest about the nature of Bijjala II's assassination?

The source suggests that Bijjala II's assassination in 1167 CE was linked to social and religious turbulence during his rule. It was reportedly carried out by Radical Sharanas Groups, indicating a violent culmination of internal conflicts.

Bijjala Ii Wiki: Bijjala II: The Kalachuri Ascendancy

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Introduction

The Mahamandaleshwara

Bijjala II (also known as BijjalaDeva) reigned approximately from 1130 to 1167 CE. He initially served as a Mahamandaleshwara, a significant regional governor, under the Kalyani Chalukyas. His domain encompassed crucial territories designated as Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000, indicating substantial administrative and military authority within the larger Western Chalukya kingdom.

A Pivotal Figure in the Deccan

Bijjala II stands out as the most prominent ruler of the Southern Kalachuri lineage. His reign marked a period of significant political transition in the Deccan Plateau, characterized by the decline of established empires and the rise of new powers. His actions directly influenced the political landscape for over two decades.

The Rise to Power

Seizing Opportunity

Following the death of the powerful Kalyani Chalukya emperor Vikramaditya VI, the empire experienced a period of weakening. Observing this decline, Bijjala II recognized an opportune moment to assert his independence. This strategic move was part of a broader trend, as other feudatories, such as Prola II of the Kakatiya dynasty, also began to break free from Chalukya suzerainty around the same period.

Assuming Imperial Authority

By 1162 CE, Bijjala II had successfully driven the last Chalukya ruler, Taila III, out of Kalyani, the Chalukyan capital. This decisive victory allowed him to claim imperial titles, including Sriprithvivallabha and Parameshvara, traditionally held by sovereign rulers. He subsequently shifted his capital from Mangalavada to Kalyani, renaming it Basavakalyan, establishing it as the new center of his burgeoning Kalachuri kingdom.

A Title of Greatness

An inscription found at Chikkalagi refers to Bijjala II with the grand title Mahabhujabalachakravarti. This Sanskrit epithet translates to "the great ruler (cakravartin) with strong (bala) arms (bhuja), who is unopposed (maha)". This title underscores his military prowess and his ambition to establish an independent and dominant kingdom in the region.

This section details Bijjala II's declaration of independence and capture of Kalyani. Please note that the original source article indicates a need for additional citations to fully verify these specific claims regarding the timeline and events surrounding his assumption of imperial titles and the shift of the capital.
Find supporting sources.

Religion and Social Currents

Devotion to Jainism

Bijjala II was a devout follower of Jainism, a religious tradition shared by many of his Kalachuri predecessors. Historical records and inscriptions confirm his patronage of Jain scholars (acharyas) and his issuance of land grants to Jain temples. Jainism held significant influence within his court, and he maintained strong ties with its monastic orders.

The Rise of Virashaivism

His reign coincided with a pivotal moment in religious history: the emergence of the Virashaiva (or Lingayat) movement, spearheaded by the influential reformer Basavanna. Basavanna served as Bijjala II's Mahamāndraka (prime minister), demonstrating the ruler's willingness to engage with diverse societal forces.

Coexistence and Conflict

Despite his personal commitment to Jainism, Bijjala II permitted Basavanna to propagate his reformist teachings and establish the Anubhava Mantapa, a council for spiritual and social discourse. However, this period also saw rising tensions between traditional religious groups and the burgeoning Lingayat followers. These internal conflicts ultimately contributed to the political instability of his later reign.

End of an Era

Assassination and Instability

Bijjala II's rule was ultimately marked by significant turbulence, encompassing both political challenges and social unrest. Historical accounts suggest that he was assassinated in 1167 CE, reportedly by radical factions within the Sharanas movement, followers of Basava. While Basava himself is not implicated in the assassination, the event precipitated a period of political instability in Kalyani.

Succession

Following Bijjala II's demise, the throne was passed to his younger son, Sovideva, who reigned from approximately 1167 to 1176 CE. The succession marked the continuation of the Kalachuri dynasty but occurred amidst the lingering effects of the internal strife that had plagued Bijjala II's final years.

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References

Settar, S. (1989). Jaina Art and Architecture, Vol.â¯2. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan. p.â¯78.

Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001). A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Jupiter Books. p.â¯134.

Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta (1955). A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar. Oxford University Press. p.â¯366.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Bijjala II Wikipedia page

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is derived from a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date. Historical interpretations can vary, and new research may emerge.

This is not professional historical analysis. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for scholarly research or consultation with professional historians. Always consult primary sources and peer-reviewed academic works for a comprehensive understanding of historical events and figures.

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Bijjala II: Architect of the Kalachuri Ascendancy

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction ℹ️

👑 The Mahamandaleshwara

🌍 A Pivotal Figure in the Deccan

The Rise to Power ⚔️

⚡ Seizing Opportunity

🏛️ Assuming Imperial Authority

📜 A Title of Greatness

Religion and Social Currents 🕉️

🧘 Devotion to Jainism

✨ The Rise of Virashaivism

🤝 Coexistence and Conflict

End of an Era ⏳

💀 Assassination and Instability

➡️ Succession

References 📚

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

The Mahamandaleshwara

A Pivotal Figure in the Deccan

The Rise to Power

Seizing Opportunity

Assuming Imperial Authority

A Title of Greatness

Religion and Social Currents

Devotion to Jainism

The Rise of Virashaivism

Coexistence and Conflict

End of an Era

Assassination and Instability

Succession

References

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice