What is the official name of the Canton of Jura?

The official name of the canton is the Republic and Canton of Jura, which in French is "République et Canton du Jura". This title, also used by other Swiss cantons like Ticino, Geneva, and Neuchâtel, signifies the canton's autonomy and nominal sovereignty within the Swiss Confederation.

When was the Canton of Jura established, making it the newest canton in Switzerland?

The Canton of Jura was established in 1979, making it the newest of Switzerland's 26 cantons. Its creation followed a period of separatist movements and referendums.

What is the capital city of the Canton of Jura?

The capital city of the Canton of Jura is Delémont.

What geographical features characterize the Canton of Jura?

The Canton of Jura is situated in the northwestern part of Switzerland and is characterized by the Jura mountains in the south and the Jura plateau in the north. The plateau is known for its hilly terrain and limestone geology. The term "Jurassic" itself is derived from the Jura Alps.

Which neighboring regions and cantons does Jura share borders with?

The Canton of Jura shares its borders with France to the north and west. Domestically, it is bordered by the Swiss cantons of Basel-Landschaft to the east, Bern to the south, and Neuchâtel and Solothurn to the east and south respectively.

What historical event led to the Jura region becoming part of the Canton of Bern?

Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Jura region was assigned to the Canton of Bern. This decision caused significant dissension because the Jura region was predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic, while Bern was largely German-speaking and Protestant.

What was the primary cause of the separatist movement in the Jura region?

The separatist movement in the Jura region was primarily driven by cultural and religious differences. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the French-speaking, Roman Catholic Jura was incorporated into the German-speaking, Protestant Canton of Bern, leading to decades of political tension and a desire for self-determination.

Which group was responsible for some of the arson attacks during the Jura separatist struggle?

During the Jura separatist struggle, a youth organization known as "Les Beliers" was responsible for some arson attacks as part of the militant campaign for secession from the Canton of Bern.

How did the Jura region officially become a canton of Switzerland?

After a protracted struggle, including a period of militant activity, a constitution for Jura was accepted in 1977. The Swiss people voted in favor of the secession in 1978, and Jura officially joined the Swiss Confederation as a full canton in 1979.

What is the significance of the Bernese Jura?

The Bernese Jura refers to the southern part of the historical Jura region that opted to remain part of the Canton of Bern after the creation of Canton Jura. This area is also predominantly French-speaking but has a Protestant majority, unlike the new canton.

What are the three administrative districts within the Canton of Jura?

The Canton of Jura is divided into three districts: Delémont (capital: Delémont), Porrentruy (capital: Porrentruy), and Franches-Montagnes (capital: Saignelégier).

How many municipalities are there in the Canton of Jura?

As of the provided information, there are 50 municipalities within the Canton of Jura.

What is the official language spoken in the Canton of Jura?

The official language spoken in the Canton of Jura is French. Only one municipality, Ederswiler, is German-speaking.

What is the religious composition of the population in Jura?

The majority of Jura's population is Roman Catholic, accounting for approximately 75% as of the year 2000. There is a smaller Protestant minority, making up about 13% of the population.

What was the total population of the Canton of Jura as of December 2020?

As of December 31, 2020, the population of the Canton of Jura was 73,709.

What is the population density of the Canton of Jura?

The population density of the Canton of Jura is 88 people per square kilometer (or 230 people per square mile).

What are the main industries contributing to the economy of Jura?

The main industries in the Canton of Jura are watchmaking, textiles, and tobacco production. Agriculture, particularly cattle and horse breeding, is also significant.

How does the average income per resident in Jura compare to the Swiss national average?

In 2005, the average income per resident in Jura was 38,070 CHF, which was about 70% of the national average of 54,031 CHF. However, between 2003 and 2005, Jura's average income grew at a faster rate (6.4%) than the national average (5.3%).

How does the tax index in Jura compare to the Swiss average?

The tax index in Jura is generally higher than the Swiss average. In 2006, Jura's tax index was 126.6, compared to the national average of 100.0. This was particularly true for high-income earners, who faced higher final tax rates in Jura.

What is the "Damassine" mentioned in relation to Jura's culture?

Damassine is a type of eau de vie, a fruit brandy, that is a typical produce of the Ajoie area within the Canton of Jura. It represents a traditional cultural product of the region.

What is the highest point in the Canton of Jura, and what is its elevation?

The highest point in the Canton of Jura is Mont Raimeux, which stands at an elevation of 1,302 meters (4,272 feet).

What is the lowest point in the Canton of Jura, and where is it located?

The lowest point in the Canton of Jura is the Allaine river at Boncourt, situated at an elevation of 364 meters (1,194 feet).

What was the voter participation percentage in the National Council elections in Jura in 1979?

In the 1979 National Council elections, the voter participation percentage in the Canton of Jura was 58.6%.

Which political party consistently received the highest percentage of votes in Jura's National Council elections between 1979 and 2019?

The Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD) generally received the highest percentage of votes in Jura's National Council elections from 1979 onwards, although its share decreased over time. The Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) also maintained a significant presence.

What does the term "Jurassic" refer to in a geological context, and how is it related to the canton?

The term "Jurassic" is derived from the Jura Mountains, as the rock strata found there are characteristic of the geological period known as the Jurassic period. This period is named after the mountain range where these rock formations were first studied.

What was the outcome of the referendum in Moutier on June 18, 2017, regarding its secession from Bern?

On June 18, 2017, the town of Moutier voted in a referendum to secede from the Canton of Bern and join the Canton of Jura. However, this vote was later declared invalid.

What was the result of the referendum in Belprahon and Sorvilier on September 17, 2017?

On September 17, 2017, the municipalities of Belprahon and Sorvilier voted against seceding from the Canton of Bern and joining the Canton of Jura, choosing instead to remain part of Bern.

When did Moutier vote again to secede from Bern and join Jura?

Moutier held another referendum on March 28, 2021, where the town again voted to secede from the Canton of Bern and join the Canton of Jura. The transition is anticipated to be completed by 2026.

What is the "Rhaetian" connection mentioned in the context of Jura's history?

The text mentions the "Rhaetian Republic" in the context of historical cantons during the Helvetic Republic period. While not directly linked to Jura's modern formation, it highlights the historical administrative divisions of Switzerland during that era.

What is the significance of the coat of arms of Jura being added to the Federal Palace in Bern?

The coat of arms of the Canton of Jura was added to the side of the dome in the Federal Palace in Bern after Jura's foundation in 1978. This signifies Jura's official recognition and integration as a full canton within the Swiss Confederation, joining the coats of arms of the other cantons.

What percentage of the Swiss national income did Jura produce in 2001?

In 2001, the Canton of Jura produced 0.9% of the entire Swiss national income, which corresponded to its share of the total population at the time.

What is the "Franches-Montagnes" known for in terms of animal breeding?

The Franches-Montagnes district is known for horse breeding. Specifically, it is associated with the Franches-Montagnes horse, which is noted as the last remaining Swiss horse breed.

What rivers flow through the Canton of Jura, and where do they lead?

The rivers Doubs and Birs flow through the Canton of Jura. The Doubs eventually joins the Saône and then the Rhône, while the Birs is a tributary of the Rhine.

What does the term "Jura" refer to in a broader geographical sense beyond the canton?

Beyond referring specifically to the Canton of Jura, the term "Jura" can also encompass the combined territory of Canton Jura and the Bernese Jura. This broader definition is often used for tourism purposes, with information available in both French and German.

What was the percentage of non-Swiss residents in Jura as of 2007?

As of 2007, foreigners constituted about 11.8% of Jura's total population, numbering 8,195 individuals.

How did the political landscape of Jura differ from Bern after the Congress of Vienna?

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Jura region, which was French-speaking and Roman Catholic, became part of the Canton of Bern, which was predominantly German-speaking and Protestant. This linguistic and religious divide was a key factor in the later separatist movement.

What is the official website for the Republic and Canton of Jura?

The official website for the Republic and Canton of Jura is www.ju.ch.

What is the "Rhaetian Republic" mentioned in the context of Jura's history?

The Rhaetian Republic was one of the administrative divisions during the Helvetic Republic period (1798-1803). While not directly part of Jura's modern formation, it represents a historical administrative entity within Switzerland.

What is the "Jura separatism" mentioned in the article?

Jura separatism refers to the political movement that campaigned for the secession of the French-speaking, Catholic Jura region from the German-speaking, Protestant Canton of Bern. This movement culminated in the creation of the Canton of Jura in 1979.

What does the table of federal election results indicate about the political leanings in Jura over time?

The table shows that historically, the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD) and the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) were the dominant political forces in Jura. While the CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD generally held a plurality, the SP/PS also maintained a strong presence. There was a notable decline in support for both major parties and a rise in support for the Green Party (GPS/PES) in later elections, alongside fluctuating support for the Liberal-Radicals (LRP).

What is the "Rösti ditch" and how does it relate to Swiss linguistic divisions?

The "Rösti ditch" is a metaphorical term used to describe the linguistic and cultural divide between German-speaking Switzerland and French-speaking Switzerland. It highlights the differences in language and culture that often separate these regions, a dynamic that was central to the Jura separatism issue.

What is the "Franc-Comtois" language mentioned in relation to Jura's districts?

Franc-Comtois is a dialect or language historically spoken in the Franche-Comté region of France, which borders Jura. The article notes that the districts of Delémont, Porrentruy, and Franches-Montagnes have Franc-Comtois names, reflecting the region's cultural heritage.

What is the significance of the "Federal Charter of 1291" in Swiss history?

The Federal Charter of 1291 is a foundational document in Swiss history, often cited as the pact that established the Old Swiss Confederacy. While not directly related to Jura's modern formation, it represents a key moment in the historical development of Swiss federalism.

What role did the "Rütli Oath" play in Swiss history?

The Rütli Oath is traditionally associated with the founding of the Old Swiss Confederacy, symbolizing the alliance between the cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden. It represents a historical commitment to mutual defense and cooperation, a principle echoed in the later formation of Jura.

What does the term "Landsgemeinde" refer to in Swiss political tradition?

The Landsgemeinde is a traditional form of direct democracy practiced in some Swiss cantons, where citizens gather in an open-air assembly to vote on laws and elect officials. While not explicitly stated as being practiced in Jura, it is a significant aspect of Swiss political culture.

What is the "Swiss National Bank" and what is its role?

The Swiss National Bank is the central bank of Switzerland. It is responsible for issuing banknotes, managing the country's monetary policy, and ensuring the stability of the financial system, playing a crucial role in the Swiss economy.

What is "Swiss made" and why is it significant?

"Swiss made" is a protected designation of origin that signifies a product's Swiss origin and quality, particularly associated with watches. It implies high standards of craftsmanship and is a key element of Switzerland's economic identity.

What are the main types of transport infrastructure mentioned in relation to Switzerland?

The article mentions various transport infrastructures in Switzerland, including airports, national bike routes, rail transport, and roads, highlighting the country's well-developed transportation network.

What is the "Rösti ditch" in the context of Swiss culture?

The Rösti ditch is a metaphorical term used to describe the linguistic and cultural divide between German-speaking and French-speaking Switzerland. It highlights the differences in language and culture that often separate these regions.

What is the "Federal Palace" in Bern, and why is the Jura coat of arms displayed there?

The Federal Palace in Bern is the seat of the Swiss federal government and parliament. The addition of the Jura coat of arms signifies its official recognition and integration as a canton of Switzerland, alongside the emblems of the other cantons.

What is the "Swiss franc"?

The Swiss franc (CHF) is the official currency of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Its stability and value are key aspects of the Swiss economy.

Canton Of Jura Wiki: Jura Unveiled: A Swiss Canton's Genesis

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A Canton Forged in History

Prince-Bishopric of Basel

The historical foundation of Jura lies in its long association with the Prince-Bishopric of Basel. In 999 AD, the King of Burgundy granted significant lands, which now constitute the Canton of Jura, to the Bishop of Basel. This territory functioned as a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire for over eight centuries, establishing a distinct regional identity.

Ties with the Swiss Confederation

Following the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the Jura region developed close ties with the nascent Swiss Confederation. However, the Congress of Vienna in 1815 saw the region incorporated into the Canton of Bern. This political shift created significant friction, as Jura was predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic, contrasting sharply with the German-speaking, Protestant majority of Bern.

The Separatist Movement

The cultural and linguistic differences fueled a strong separatist movement in Jura after World War II. This campaign, marked by decades of political activism and occasional militant actions by groups like "Les Béliers," culminated in a constitutional acceptance in 1977. The Swiss populace officially approved the secession in 1978, leading to Jura's formal admission as a full canton in 1979.

The formation of the canton was a complex process:

1977: Jura's constitution was accepted, formalizing the path to statehood.
1978: Swiss voters approved the secession from Bern.
1979: Jura officially joined the Swiss Confederation, celebrating its independence.
Ongoing Debate: The southern, predominantly French-speaking but Protestant area, known as Bernese Jura, chose to remain with Bern, leading to ongoing discussions about potential reunification or restructuring.
Moutier Referendum: Recent votes in Moutier (2017, 2021) have indicated a desire to join Canton Jura, with the transition anticipated by 2026.

Geographical Landscape

Location and Borders

Canton Jura is situated in the northwestern quadrant of Switzerland. It shares its borders with France to the north and west, and with the Swiss cantons of Basel-Landschaft and Solothurn to the east. The Canton of Bern forms its southern boundary.

Topography

The canton's geography is characterized by the rolling hills of the Jura plateau in the north, particularly in the districts of Ajoie and Franches-Montagnes. This region is predominantly composed of limestone strata, which give the geological period known as the Jurassic its name. The southern areas feature the more pronounced topography of the Jura Mountains.

Hydrology

Key rivers shaping the landscape include the Doubs, which flows into the Saône and ultimately the Rhône river system, and the Birs, a tributary of the Rhine. These waterways are integral to the region's natural character and historical development.

Governance and Structure

Political Framework

The Canton of Jura operates under the official title "Republic and Canton of Jura," signifying its autonomous status within the Swiss Confederation. The government structure includes a President, a five-member Executive (Government), and a 60-member Parliament.

Administrative Divisions

Jura is administratively divided into three districts:

Delémont: The capital district, also known as Delsberg in German.
Porrentruy: Historically significant, known as Pruntrut in German.
Franches-Montagnes: Characterized by its high plateau, known as Freiberge in German.

These districts encompass a total of 50 municipalities, each contributing to the canton's unique administrative fabric.

Electoral Trends

Federal election results from 1971 to 2019 indicate shifts in the political landscape. While the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD) and the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) have historically held significant influence, there have been notable changes in party strengths over the decades, reflecting evolving voter preferences.

The following table illustrates the percentage of the vote for major parties in National Council elections within the Canton of Jura:

Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the National Council Elections 1971-2019
Party	Ideology	1971	1975	1979	1983	1987	1991	1995	1999	2003	2007	2011	2015	2019
LRP.The Liberal-Radicals^a	Classical liberalism	^c	^c	30.9	28.8	33.4	35.1	29.5	19.5	16.3	13.4	9.5	16.8	9.1
CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD	Christian democracy	^c	^c	37.7	25.1	33.0	36.0	38.2	39.2	39.5	25.0	33.2	27.6
SP/PS	Social democracy	^c	^c	* ^b	17.8	25.5	28.8	32.4	34.2	34.2	36.9	30.8	23.7
SVP/UDC	Swiss nationalism	^c	^c	*	2.0	*	*	*	7.2	8.3	13.7	15.5	12.8
CSP/PCS	Christian socialism	^c	^c	*	11.8	8.1	*	*	*	*	11.0	*	6.6
PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL	Socialism	^c	^c	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	3.8
GPS/PES	Green politics	^c	^c	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	11.0	7.3	15.6
EDU/UDF	Christian right	^c	^c	*	*	*	*	*	*	1.8	*	*	*
Other		^c	^c	31.4	14.5	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	1.4	1.4
Voter participation %		^c	^c	58.6	61.4	51.6	43.4	42.4	40.9	42.4	40.9	46.6	44.0	44.4

^a RDP before 2010
^b "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.
^c Part of the canton of Bern

Economic Landscape

Agriculture and Breeding

Agriculture remains a significant sector in Canton Jura. Cattle breeding is particularly important, alongside notable horse breeding, exemplified by the Franches-Montagnes horse breed, the last remaining Swiss horse breed.

Key Industries

The canton's industrial base is historically strong in watchmaking, textiles, and tobacco production. In recent years, there has been a growth in small and medium-sized enterprises, diversifying the economic landscape.

Economic Indicators

In 2001, the primary economic sector employed 3,578 individuals, the secondary sector 14,109, and the tertiary sector 16,513. While Jura's contribution to Switzerland's national income and per capita income has historically been below the national average, the region has shown robust income growth in recent years. Taxation levels in Jura are generally higher than the national average, particularly for high-income earners.

Demographics and Society

Linguistic and Religious Profile

The population of Jura is overwhelmingly French-speaking, with only one municipality, Ederswiler, being German-speaking. Religiously, the canton is predominantly Roman Catholic (approximately 75%), with a smaller Protestant minority (around 13%).

Population Statistics

As of December 2020, the canton's population stood at 73,709. Foreign residents constituted about 11.8% of the total population as of 2007, reflecting a diverse community within the canton.

The historical population data reveals demographic shifts over time:

Historic Population Data
Year	Total Population	French-speaking	German-speaking	Protestant	Catholic	Other	Jewish	Muslim	No religion given	Swiss	Non-Swiss
1850	44,921			1,010	43,810		101			42,217	2,704
1880	52,116	46,257	5,898	3,708	48,095	14	235			47,873	4,503
1900	57,575	49,098	7,272	7,063	50,289	15	195			51,784	5,791
1950	59,554	50,517	8,105	10,453	48,578	49	82			56,804	2,750
1970	67,325	55,285	5,723	10,284	56,476	1,787	62			59,000	8,325
2000	68,224	61,376	3,001	8,513	51,092	2,610	22	1,310	4,250	59,500	8,724

Cultural Heritage

Local Produce

The Ajoie region within Canton Jura is particularly known for its traditional produce, most notably the "Damassine," a distinctive eau de vie derived from local plums. This reflects the region's connection to its agricultural heritage and artisanal traditions.

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References

Swiss Info 5 November 2018

A full list of references for this article are available at the Canton of Jura Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page has been meticulously crafted by an AI, drawing exclusively from the provided source material. It is intended for educational and informational purposes, aiming to present the Canton of Jura with academic rigor. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the source, the content reflects a specific point in time and may not encompass all nuances or the most current developments.

This is not official guidance. The information presented here should not substitute consultation with official cantonal resources or expert analysis. Always refer to authoritative sources for the most up-to-date and comprehensive information regarding the Canton of Jura.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Jura Unveiled

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A Canton Forged in History 📜

👑 Prince-Bishopric of Basel

🤝 Ties with the Swiss Confederation

✊ The Separatist Movement

Geographical Landscape ⛰️

📍 Location and Borders

🏞️ Topography

💧 Hydrology

Governance and Structure 🏛️

⚖️ Political Framework

🗺️ Administrative Divisions

📊 Electoral Trends

Economic Landscape 💰

🚜 Agriculture and Breeding

⌚ Key Industries

📈 Economic Indicators

Demographics and Society 👥

🗣️ Linguistic and Religious Profile

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Population Statistics

Cultural Heritage 🎨

🥃 Local Produce

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

A Canton Forged in History

Prince-Bishopric of Basel

Ties with the Swiss Confederation

The Separatist Movement

Geographical Landscape

Location and Borders

Topography

Hydrology

Governance and Structure

Political Framework

Administrative Divisions

Electoral Trends

Economic Landscape

Agriculture and Breeding

Key Industries

Economic Indicators

Demographics and Society

Linguistic and Religious Profile

Population Statistics

Cultural Heritage

Local Produce

Teacher's Corner

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References

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Disclaimer

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