What is the Chicago Tribune and where is it based?

The Chicago Tribune is an American daily newspaper headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is a prominent publication with a long history in American journalism.

When was the Chicago Tribune founded, and what was its former slogan?

The Chicago Tribune was founded on June 10, 1847. It formerly used the slogan "World's Greatest Newspaper."

What is the Chicago Tribune's circulation standing in the United States?

The Chicago Tribune is the most-read daily newspaper in the Chicago metropolitan area and the Great Lakes region. It ranks as the sixth-largest newspaper in the United States based on its print circulation.

Who were the founders of the Chicago Tribune?

The Chicago Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, and Joseph K. C. Forrest.

What was the Chicago Tribune's early political affiliation in the 1850s?

In the 1850s, under Joseph Medill, the Chicago Tribune became closely associated with Abraham Lincoln and the progressive wing of the newly formed Republican Party.

How did the Chicago Tribune's editorial stance evolve in the mid-19th century regarding nativism?

By late 1853, the Tribune began publishing editorials critical of foreigners and Roman Catholics. It formally aligned with the nativist Know Nothing party on February 10, 1855.

What significant newspapers did the Chicago Tribune absorb in the late 1850s and early 1860s?

Under its new editors, the Chicago Tribune absorbed the Free West in 1855, the Democratic Press in 1858, and the Chicago Democrat in 1861.

What was the Chicago Tribune's role during the American Civil War?

During the American Civil War, the Tribune's editors strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, whom Joseph Medill helped secure the presidency in 1860, and advocated for an abolitionist agenda.

What notable contribution did the Chicago Tribune make to the song "John Brown's Body"?

In 1861, the Chicago Tribune published new lyrics for "John Brown's Body" by William W. Patton, which rivaled the lyrics later published by Julia Ward Howe.

Describe the Chicago Tribune's political and editorial stance in the 20th century under Colonel Robert R. McCormick.

Under Colonel Robert R. McCormick's leadership in the 20th century, the Tribune adopted a strongly isolationist stance, aligned with the "Old Right," and used the motto "The American Paper for Americans." It was critical of the Democrats and the New Deal, expressed disdain for Britain and France, and showed enthusiasm for figures like Chiang Kai-shek and Senator Joseph McCarthy.

How did the Chicago Tribune's circulation and content change under McCormick and Patterson in the early 20th century?

When Robert R. McCormick and Joseph Medill Patterson took leadership in 1910, the Tribune was the third-best-selling paper in Chicago. They introduced features like advice columns and comic strips, promoted political crusades, and engaged in circulation wars, notably with Hearst's Chicago Examiner.

What was the significance of the Chicago Tribune's 1922 design competition for its new headquarters?

In 1922, the Chicago Tribune hosted an international design competition for its new headquarters, the Tribune Tower. This competition was a successful publicity stunt, attracting over 260 entries, with a neo-Gothic design by John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood ultimately winning.

What pioneering aviation attempt did the Chicago Tribune sponsor in 1929?

In 1929, the Chicago Tribune sponsored a pioneering Arctic aviation attempt, aiming for a round-trip to Europe via Greenland and Iceland in a Sikorsky amphibious aircraft. The aircraft was ultimately destroyed by ice in Labrador, Canada, though the crew was rescued.

How did the Chicago Tribune innovate in broadcasting?

The Chicago Tribune demonstrated broadcasting innovation by purchasing WDAP in 1924 and renaming it WGN, with the call letters derived from the paper's slogan "World's Greatest Newspaper." They later launched WGN-TV in 1948.

What significant journalistic scoops did the Chicago Tribune achieve in the early 20th century?

The Chicago Tribune achieved significant journalistic scoops, including obtaining the full text of the Treaty of Versailles in June 1919 and revealing U.S. war plans on the eve of the Pearl Harbor attack, specifically announcing on June 7, 1942, that the U.S. had broken Japan's naval code.

What was the Chicago Tribune's approach to spelling reform?

Under Colonel McCormick, the Chicago Tribune championed modified spelling for simplicity, starting in 1934. They removed double L's and shortened "-ogue" endings to "-og," among other changes. While some spellings were abandoned due to unpopularity, others like "altho," "tho," "thoro," and "thru" became distinctive features for decades until a stylebook update in 1975.

What famous error did the Chicago Tribune make in its coverage of the 1948 U.S. presidential election?

The Chicago Tribune is well-known for its mistake during the 1948 presidential election when, due to a composing room strike, it published an early edition with the headline "Dewey Defeats Truman." This incorrect headline turned the newspaper into a collector's item, as Harry S. Truman ultimately won the election.

How did the Chicago Tribune's editorial perspective shift in the late 1960s?

In 1969, under publisher Harold Grumhaus and editor Clayton Kirkpatrick, the Chicago Tribune began reporting from a wider viewpoint. While editorials retained a conservative perspective, news reporting moved away from its previous conservative slant, and commentary began to represent a broader spectrum of opinions.

What major journalistic feat did the Chicago Tribune accomplish regarding the Watergate tapes?

On May 1, 1974, the Chicago Tribune published the complete 246,000-word text of the Watergate tapes in a 44-page supplement, just 24 hours after their release by the Nixon White House. This made the Tribune the first newspaper to publish the transcripts and beat the government's own published version.

What was the outcome of the plagiarism scandal involving columnist Rick Soll in 1975?

In December 1975, the Chicago Tribune accepted the resignation of columnist Rick Soll after it was revealed that one of his columns contained verbatim passages from another writer's work, and further investigation uncovered other instances of fabricated information. Soll had initially been suspended without pay.

How many Pulitzer Prizes had the Chicago Tribune won by the end of the 1990s?

The Chicago Tribune won 11 Pulitzer Prizes during the 1980s and 1990s, recognizing achievements in editorial cartooning, reporting, investigative reporting, editorial writing, commentary, explanatory journalism, and criticism.

What was the significance of Margaret Holt's hiring in 1993?

In December 1993, Margaret Holt was hired as the Chicago Tribune's assistant managing editor for sports, making her the first woman to head a sports department at one of the nation's 10 largest newspapers.

What was the impact of Alden Global Capital's acquisition of Tribune Publishing in May 2021?

Following Alden Global Capital's acquisition of Tribune Publishing in May 2021, the newspaper's coverage shifted away from national and international news towards Illinois and Chicago-area news. Alden also initiated staff buyouts, reducing the newsroom by 25 percent, with further cuts continuing.

What are the core principles of the Chicago Tribune's editorial policy?

The Chicago Tribune's editorial policy is guided by principles of limited government, maximum individual responsibility, and minimal restriction of personal liberty, opportunity, and enterprise. It advocates for free markets, free will, and freedom of expression, maintaining a Midwestern sensibility that is suspicious of untested ideas.

How has the Chicago Tribune's presidential endorsement history evolved?

Historically, the Chicago Tribune consistently endorsed Republican presidential candidates. However, this changed in 2008 when it endorsed Democrat Barack Obama, marking the first time it supported a Democratic presidential candidate. The Tribune endorsed Obama again in 2012 and Joe Biden in 2020, while abstaining from an endorsement in 2024.

What was the Tribune Company's relationship with WGN radio and WGN-TV?

The Chicago Tribune was the founding business unit of Tribune Company, which owned WGN radio (720 AM) and WGN-TV (Channel 9). The call letters WGN were derived from the Tribune's self-description as the "World's Greatest Newspaper."

How many Pulitzer Prizes has the Chicago Tribune won in total?

The Chicago Tribune has won a total of 28 Pulitzer Prizes throughout its history, including many for editorial writing.

When did the Chicago Tribune move from its iconic Tribune Tower headquarters?

The Chicago Tribune moved from its long-time home in the Tribune Tower on Michigan Avenue in June 2018, after 93 years in the building, relocating to One Prudential Plaza.

What was the financial situation of the Tribune Company leading to its bankruptcy filing in 2008?

A year after being taken private in an $8.2 billion buyout by Sam Zell in December 2007, the Tribune Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on December 8, 2008. This filing was attributed to a $124 million third-quarter loss, a debt of $13 billion, and assets of $7.6 billion.

What happened to the Chicago Tribune's newspaper assets in 2014?

In August 2014, Tribune Publishing, which included the Chicago Tribune and eight other newspapers, was spun off as a separate, publicly traded company. The original parent company, Tribune Company, was subsequently renamed Tribune Media.

What was the significance of the 2001 Pulitzer Prize awarded to the Chicago Tribune staff?

In 2001, a team of Chicago Tribune reporters won a Pulitzer Prize for explanatory reporting for their profile of the chaotic U.S. air traffic system. This was one of five Pulitzer Prizes the newspaper won in the first decade of the 21st century.

What was the Chicago Tribune's stance on the George W. Bush administration's policies?

The Chicago Tribune was critical of the George W. Bush administration's record on civil liberties, the environment, and aspects of its foreign policy, although it continued to support his presidency overall. The paper also frequently criticized Illinois politicians like Rod Blagojevich and Todd Stroger.

What action did the Chicago Tribune and Los Angeles Times take in 2018 regarding European Union regulations?

In 2018, the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times withdrew their websites from European Union nations to avoid compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

What was the Chicago Tribune's endorsement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election?

In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the Chicago Tribune endorsed the Libertarian Party candidate, Gary Johnson, over Republican Donald Trump and Democrat Hillary Clinton.

What specific issue led to the Chicago Tribune filing a lawsuit against the University of Illinois administration in 2009?

The Chicago Tribune filed a lawsuit against the University of Illinois administration under the Freedom of Information Act to obtain the names of students who benefited from preferential treatment in admissions, following the newspaper's reporting on the "Cloutgate" scandal.

What changes were made to the Chicago Tribune's physical format in 2010?

On February 8, 2010, the Chicago Tribune reduced its newspaper's width by one inch, stating that this new format was becoming an industry standard with minimal content changes.

What was the nature of the class-action lawsuit settled by the Chicago Tribune in 2013?

In February 2013, the Chicago Tribune agreed to pay $660,000 to settle a class-action lawsuit filed by 46 current and former reporters from its TribLocal unit over unpaid overtime wages.

What incident prompted an apology from the Chicago Tribune in June 2013?

The Chicago Tribune issued an apology in June 2013 for a hockey-related joke about the Boston Marathon bombing that appeared on its website, which caused offense to readers.

What was the primary business strategy attributed to Alden Global Capital in its operation of acquired newspapers like the Chicago Tribune?

A report in The Atlantic described Alden Global Capital's business model as "Gut the staff, sell the real estate, jack up subscription prices, and wring as much cash as possible out of the enterprise until eventually enough readers cancel their subscriptions that the paper folds, or is reduced to a desiccated husk of its former self."

What was the Chicago Tribune's role in the creation of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game?

Arch Ward, the Chicago Tribune's legendary sports editor, created the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in 1933 as part of the city's Century of Progress exposition.

What was the Chicago Tribune's policy regarding its website access for European users in 2018?

In 2018, the Chicago Tribune, along with the Los Angeles Times, withdrew their websites from European Union nations to avoid the purview of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

What significant change occurred in the Chicago Tribune's ownership in May 2021?

In May 2021, the Chicago Tribune was purchased by Alden Global Capital, which operates its media properties through Digital First Media.

What was the Chicago Tribune's circulation rank in the United States in 2022?

In 2022, the Chicago Tribune was ranked as the sixth-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States.

What is the significance of the "World's Greatest Newspaper" slogan?

The slogan "World's Greatest Newspaper" was formerly used by the Chicago Tribune, and its integrated radio and television stations, WGN and WGN-TV, received their call letters from this description.

What specific criticism did the Chicago Tribune level against the George W. Bush administration?

The Chicago Tribune criticized the George W. Bush administration's record concerning civil liberties, the environment, and various aspects of its foreign policy.

What was the Chicago Tribune's editorial stance on increasing the minimum wage and entitlement spending?

The Chicago Tribune has maintained an economically conservative stance, expressing widespread skepticism towards increasing the minimum wage and expanding entitlement spending.

What was the Chicago Tribune's first presidential endorsement of a Democrat?

The Chicago Tribune endorsed Barack Obama for U.S. president in 2008, which was the first time in its history that the newspaper's editorial page supported a Democratic candidate for the presidency.

What happened to the Tribune Tower after the Chicago Tribune moved out?

After the Chicago Tribune relocated from the Tribune Tower in June 2018, the building was subsequently converted into condominiums.

What was the Chicago Tribune's role in the development of the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting?

The Chicago Tribune won the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 1994 for the work of Ronald Kotulak. The prize category was later renamed Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting.

What is the stated mission of the Chicago Tribune regarding its community?

The Chicago Tribune is dedicated to the future of the Chicago region and embraces the diversity of people and perspectives within its community.

What specific event led to the Chicago Tribune publishing the headline 'Dewey Defeats Truman'?

The Chicago Tribune published the 'Dewey Defeats Truman' headline in an early edition following the 1948 presidential election due to the belief, shared by many at the time, that Thomas Dewey would win, compounded by a composing room staff strike.

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A Century and a Half of Influence

Genesis and Early Years (1847-1871)

Established on June 10, 1847, by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, and Joseph K. C. Forrest, the Chicago Tribune initially navigated the nascent American political landscape. It began as a non-affiliated publication, later aligning with the Whig and Free Soil parties. By the mid-1850s, under the influence of Joseph Medill, the paper became a significant voice for the burgeoning Republican Party and a proponent of Abraham Lincoln. Its early years were marked by a progressive stance on national issues, though it also engaged in nativist and anti-Catholic rhetoric, reflecting the societal tensions of the era.

The paper's early affiliations shifted, notably aligning with the nativist Know Nothing party in 1855. However, under the leadership of Charles H. Ray and Joseph Medill, it soon distanced itself from this stance, becoming the primary Chicago organ for the Republican Party. This period also saw the absorption of several smaller publications, culminating in the renaming to Chicago Press & Tribune and subsequently the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its editorial direction strongly supported abolitionism during the American Civil War.

The McCormick Era and "World's Greatest Newspaper" (1920s-1950s)

Under the stewardship of Colonel Robert R. McCormick, the Tribune adopted the self-styled motto "The World's Greatest Newspaper." This era was characterized by a staunchly conservative, isolationist editorial stance, often critical of the New Deal and federal government expansion. The paper championed American exceptionalism and maintained a robust network of foreign correspondents, projecting its influence nationally and internationally. It also pioneered in media integration, with its sister radio and television stations (WGN) adopting call letters derived from its famous slogan.

McCormick's tenure saw significant journalistic achievements, including scoops on the Treaty of Versailles and U.S. war plans. The paper's controversial reporting on the breaking of Japanese naval codes during World War II led to a confrontation with President Roosevelt. The Tribune also engaged in innovative practices, including adopting simplified spelling (e.g., "altho," "thru") and sponsoring popular comic strips and radio programs. The infamous "Dewey Defeats Truman" headline in 1948, a result of a composing room strike and premature reporting, became a lasting symbol of journalistic fallibility.

Post-McCormick Transformation and Pulitzer Recognition

Following McCormick's death in 1955, the Tribune underwent a significant editorial shift. While maintaining a conservative editorial page, its news reporting broadened, embracing a more diverse range of perspectives. This period saw major journalistic feats, such as publishing the complete Watergate transcripts in 1974, demonstrating a commitment to investigative journalism and public accountability. The paper also navigated challenges related to journalistic ethics, including instances of plagiarism and misconduct among its staff, leading to resignations and policy reviews.

The Tribune's commitment to quality journalism was recognized with numerous accolades, including 28 Pulitzer Prizes. Notable awards spanned categories such as investigative reporting, editorial writing, commentary, and criticism. The paper also attracted prominent journalistic talent, including columnists like Bob Greene and Mike Royko, and played a role in creating the Major League Baseball All-Star Game through its sports editor, Arch Ward. The paper's digital presence expanded significantly in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Editorial Stance and Influence

Foundational Principles

The Chicago Tribune's editorial philosophy, articulated in its statements of principles, emphasizes traditional conservative tenets: limited government, maximum individual responsibility, and minimal restriction on personal liberty and enterprise. It champions free markets, free will, and freedom of expression. While historically aligned with the Republican Party, these principles are presented as guiding frameworks rather than rigid dogmas, allowing for nuanced positions on various issues.

Midwestern Sensibility and Pragmatism

The newspaper prides itself on a "Midwestern sensibility," characterized by a pragmatic approach and a degree of skepticism towards untested or radical ideas. This perspective informs its coverage and editorial commentary, often grounding public debate in practical considerations and historical context. The Tribune also places significant emphasis on the integrity of governmental and private institutions, believing that an informed citizenry is essential for democratic consent.

Evolving Political Endorsements

While consistently endorsing Republican presidential candidates for much of its history, the Tribune has demonstrated flexibility in its political endorsements. Notably, it broke tradition in 2008 by endorsing Barack Obama, the first Democratic presidential candidate it had ever supported. This pattern continued with endorsements of Obama in 2012 and Joe Biden in 2020. The paper has also endorsed third-party candidates, such as Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 and Gary Johnson in 2016, reflecting a willingness to deviate from strict party lines when deemed appropriate.

Core Policy Tenets

Governance and Liberty

The Chicago Tribune advocates for a governance structure characterized by limited government intervention in economic and personal affairs. It champions policies that foster individual responsibility and maximize personal liberty, opportunity, and enterprise. This includes a strong belief in the efficacy of free markets and the fundamental importance of freedom of expression across all platforms.

Economic Philosophy

Economically, the Tribune generally maintains a conservative outlook. It has historically expressed skepticism towards policies such as mandated increases in the minimum wage and expansive entitlement spending. This stance reflects a broader commitment to fiscal prudence and market-based solutions for economic challenges.

Regional Focus and Integrity

While maintaining national and international reporting capabilities, the Tribune places a strong emphasis on the Chicago region. It is dedicated to serving its local community and upholding the integrity of its institutions. The paper's editorial board has also been critical of governmental actions that may infringe upon civil liberties or environmental protections, even when supporting the broader administration.

Distinguished Recognition

A Legacy of Pulitzer Prizes

The Chicago Tribune has garnered significant acclaim throughout its history, most notably through its 28 Pulitzer Prize awards. These prestigious honors underscore the paper's consistent commitment to journalistic excellence across various domains, from in-depth investigative reporting to insightful commentary and critical analysis.

The paper's Pulitzer journey began post-McCormick in 1961 with Carey Orr for editorial cartooning. Subsequent awards recognized reporting by George Bliss (1962), Bill Jones (1971), and teams in 1973 and 1976. International reporting honors were awarded to William Mullen and Ovie Carter in 1975. Paul Gapp received an award for criticism in 1979. The 1980s and 1990s were particularly fruitful, with Pulitzers awarded to Dick Locher (1983), Jeff MacNelly (1985), Jack Fuller (1986), Lyon & Gorner (1987), Baquet, Gaines & Lipinski (1988), Lois Wille (1989), and Clarence Page (1989). The 1990s continued the trend with Ron Kotulak (1994), R. Bruce Dold (1994), Paul Salopek (1998), and Blair Kamin (1999). The early 21st century saw awards for Salopek (2001), an explanatory reporting team (2001), Cornelia Grumman (2003), Julia Keller (2005), and an investigative team including Callahan, Possley, Roe, Gregory, Oneal, Osnos, & Strazzante (2008).

Innovation in Journalism

Beyond awards, the Tribune has been a pioneer in journalistic practices and content creation. The paper's sports editor, Arch Ward, is credited with creating the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in 1933. Its engagement with new media, from early radio and television ventures (WGN) to pioneering website development and digital subscriptions, demonstrates a continuous effort to adapt and innovate in the evolving media landscape.

Corporate Evolution and Structure

From Founding Unit to Spin-off

The Chicago Tribune was the foundational entity of the Tribune Company, a media conglomerate that grew to encompass numerous newspapers and broadcast stations nationwide. Over time, the company diversified, acquiring properties like the Los Angeles Times and the Chicago Cubs. The newspapers were eventually spun off in 2014 as Tribune Publishing, marking a significant structural shift for the organization.

Recent Transitions

In May 2021, Tribune Publishing was acquired by Alden Global Capital. This acquisition led to immediate and ongoing staff reductions, with reports indicating a significant decrease in newsroom personnel. The shift in ownership has been associated with a strategic focus on local Chicago-area news, potentially altering the paper's broader national and international coverage priorities.

Headquarters and Operations

For nearly a century, the Tribune's operations were centered in the iconic Tribune Tower on North Michigan Avenue. In June 2018, the newspaper relocated its headquarters to One Prudential Plaza. This move reflected evolving operational needs and real estate strategies within the company.

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References

"Tho, Altho, Thru, Thoro", Chicago Tribune, September 24, 1939, Part 1, page 16.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Chicago Tribune Wikipedia page

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Important Notice Regarding Content

This document has been generated by an AI language model, synthesizing information from publicly available data. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the provided source material, it is intended for educational and informational purposes only. The content reflects a specific point in time and may not encompass all nuances or the most current developments related to the Chicago Tribune.

This is not professional advice. The information presented here does not constitute legal, financial, or journalistic consultation. Readers are encouraged to consult primary sources and qualified professionals for specific guidance.

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The Tribune Chronicle

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

A Century and a Half of Influence 🕰️

🌟 Genesis and Early Years (1847-1871)

📰 The McCormick Era and "World's Greatest Newspaper" (1920s-1950s)

🏆 Post-McCormick Transformation and Pulitzer Recognition

Editorial Stance and Influence ✍️

📜 Foundational Principles

↔️ Midwestern Sensibility and Pragmatism

🗣️ Evolving Political Endorsements

Core Policy Tenets ⚖️

🏛️ Governance and Liberty

💰 Economic Philosophy

🌍 Regional Focus and Integrity

Distinguished Recognition 🏆

🏅 A Legacy of Pulitzer Prizes

💡 Innovation in Journalism

Corporate Evolution and Structure 🏢

🌳 From Founding Unit to Spin-off

🔄 Recent Transitions

📍 Headquarters and Operations

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📜 Important Notice Regarding Content

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

A Century and a Half of Influence

Genesis and Early Years (1847-1871)

The McCormick Era and "World's Greatest Newspaper" (1920s-1950s)

Post-McCormick Transformation and Pulitzer Recognition

Editorial Stance and Influence

Foundational Principles

Midwestern Sensibility and Pragmatism

Evolving Political Endorsements

Core Policy Tenets

Governance and Liberty

Economic Philosophy

Regional Focus and Integrity

Distinguished Recognition

A Legacy of Pulitzer Prizes

Innovation in Journalism

Corporate Evolution and Structure

From Founding Unit to Spin-off

Recent Transitions

Headquarters and Operations

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice Regarding Content