What is the "Chinese Dream" and who is most closely associated with popularizing it?

The "Chinese Dream," also known as the "China Dream," is a concept closely associated with Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and China's paramount leader. He began promoting this phrase as a slogan in November 2012, shortly after assuming leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.

When and where did Xi Jinping first promote the "Chinese Dream" slogan?

Xi Jinping first promoted the "Chinese Dream" slogan during a high-profile tour of an exhibit at the National Museum of China in November 2012. This occurred shortly after he assumed leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.

What was the exhibit called where Xi Jinping first promoted the "Chinese Dream"?

The exhibit Xi Jinping visited at the National Museum of China, where he first promoted the "Chinese Dream" slogan, was titled "The Road to National Rejuvenation." This exhibition set the stage for his articulation of the national aspiration.

According to Xi Jinping, what is the "Chinese Dream"?

According to Xi Jinping, the "Chinese Dream" is the "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." This phrase encapsulates the overarching aspiration for China to regain its historical prominence and strength on the global stage.

How is the "Chinese Dream" linked to specific milestones for the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China?

The strategic implementation of the Chinese Dream is closely tied to two major milestones: the centenary of the CCP's founding in 2021 and the centenary of the People's Republic of China in 2049. These dates represent key targets for national development and achievement.

What was Xi Jinping's short-term goal for the "First Century" in relation to the Chinese Dream?

Xi Jinping's short-term goal for the "First Century" was to achieve a moderately prosperous society by the centenary of the CCP's founding in 2021. This involved doubling China's GDP per capita income from its 2010 level by 2020, aiming to improve living standards and eradicate poverty.

What is the long-term objective for China in the "Second Century" as part of the Chinese Dream?

The long-term objective for the "Second Century," extending to the centenary of the People's Republic of China in 2049, is for China to become a "modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious." This encompasses ambitious political, economic, social, and cultural dimensions.

What initiatives are mentioned as being inspired by the concept of the Chinese Dream?

The concept of the Chinese Dream serves as inspiration for initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative and Made in China 2025. These programs aim to advance China's economic and geopolitical standing on the world stage.

What are the ancient origins of the "Chinese Dream" concept in Chinese literature?

The concept of the "Chinese Dream" has ancient origins in Chinese literary and intellectual history, relating to the hope of restoring lost national greatness. The *Classic of Poetry* (Shi Jing) contains a poem, "Flowing Spring," that describes a dream of the former Western Zhou dynasty, which later poets referenced.

Who coined the phrase "Heart full of [the] Chinese Dream" and in what historical context?

During the Southern Song dynasty, the poet Zheng Sixiao coined the phrase "Heart full of [the] Chinese Dream" (中国梦), referencing the classical poem "Flowing Spring." This phrase reflected a longing for past national glory during a period of turmoil.

What book published in 2008 explored China's urbanization and the "Chinese Dream"?

In 2008, architect Neville Mars, author Adrian Hornsby, and the Dynamic City Foundation published the book *The Chinese Dream – a society under construction*. This work examined China's rapid urbanization and its transition to a socialist market economy.

What term did Neville Mars introduce to describe market-driven unintentional urban development in China?

Neville Mars introduced the term "MUD," which stands for Market-driven Unintentional Development, to describe the hybrid urban condition emerging in China. He suggested that planning needed radical redefinition to be effective and not contribute to ex-urbanization.

Who is credited with popularizing the term "Chinese Dream" in China through a New York Times article?

The British publication *The Economist* credits American journalist Thomas Friedman with popularizing the term "Chinese Dream" in China. A translation of his October 2012 New York Times article, "China Needs Its Own Dream," gained significant traction.

According to Isaac Stone Fish, who else is credited with promoting the "China Dream" concept?

According to Isaac Stone Fish, Thomas Friedman stated that he deserved only partial credit for the phrase, attributing its promotion as a motto for an NGO about sustainability to his friend Peggy Liu. Liu founded the environmentalist NGO JUCCCE.

What are the "Two Centenaries" that form the basis of Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream?

The "Two Centenaries" related to Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream are: the goal of China becoming a "moderately well-off society" by 2021 (the 100th anniversary of the CCP) and the goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by approximately 2049 (the 100th anniversary of the PRC).

What specific economic goal was part of the "First Century" objective for the Chinese Dream?

A key economic goal for the "First Century" of the Chinese Dream was to double China's GDP per capita income from its 2010 level by 2020. This was aimed at improving living standards and eradicating poverty.

What are the four parts of the Chinese Dream as described by Robert Lawrence Kuhn?

According to Robert Lawrence Kuhn, the Chinese Dream is described as having four parts: a "strong China," a "civilized China," a "harmonious China," and a "beautiful China." These elements represent the comprehensive aspirations for the nation.

How does Xi Jinping connect the Chinese Dream to the efforts of the Chinese people?

Xi Jinping connects the Chinese Dream to the efforts of the Chinese people by linking national and personal prosperity. He aims to evoke a patriotic goal based on the people's endeavors to build better lives for their families.

What did Xi Jinping urge young people to do in relation to the Chinese Dream?

In May 2013, Xi Jinping urged young people to "dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation." He encouraged them to cherish their youth and contribute their wisdom and energy to realizing the Chinese Dream.

What is the core task of the China Dream, and what is its primary means of economic development?

The core task of the China Dream is economic development. The primary means to achieve this, as outlined in the concept, is through infrastructure development, notably including the Belt and Road Initiative.

How did Chinese liberals interpret the Chinese Dream, and what happened when *Southern Weekly* tried to publish an editorial on this interpretation?

Chinese liberals interpreted the Chinese Dream as a dream of constitutionalism. When the newspaper *Southern Weekly* attempted to publish an editorial advocating for the separation of powers under this theme, the authorities censored it.

What did Premier Li Keqiang state about the necessity of reform in China?

Premier Li Keqiang stated that reform is essential for China's destiny and the nation's future, saying, "But however deep the water may be, we will wade into the water. This is because we have no alternative." This highlights the perceived urgency of reform.

How has the "China Dream" been defined in relation to sustainable development?

The "China Dream" has been defined as sustainable development, a concept originally coined by Peggy Liu and the NGO JUCCCE. This movement emphasizes environmental consciousness and responsible resource management for long-term prosperity.

What are the key environmental concerns in China that the Chinese Dream must address?

Pollution and food safety are significant environmental concerns in China. The growing middle class is also expected to strain the country's resources, making sustainable development a critical aspect of the Chinese Dream.

How does Xi Jinping's conception of the Chinese Dream incorporate the idea of ecological civilization?

Xi Jinping's conception of the Chinese Dream has incorporated and increased the prominence of the idea of ecological civilization. This reflects a growing emphasis on balancing development with environmental protection for a healthier future.

How is the Chinese Dream related to Xi Jinping's call for a "Community of Shared Future for Mankind"?

Xi Jinping's emphasis on the Chinese Dream is linked to his foreign policy concept of developing a "Community of Shared Future for Mankind." This involves building relationships with like-minded foreign partners to facilitate the realization of the Chinese Dream globally.

What slogan was displayed on China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, in relation to the Chinese Dream?

China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, bore the words "Chinese Dream, Strong Military Dream." This slogan connected the national aspiration of the Chinese Dream with the goal of a powerful military.

How is the Chinese Dream viewed as a process for promoting national rejuvenation through domestic ethnic policy?

The Chinese Dream is seen as a process to promote national rejuvenation by influencing domestic ethnic policy. This involves fostering a unified national identity and potentially assimilating ethnic minorities into the broader "Chinese nation-state."

What is the purpose of the "second-generation ethnic policy" in China?

The purpose of the second-generation ethnic policy is to cooperate with an ethnic assimilation project as part of "national rejuvenation," aiming to create a unified "Chinese nation-state." It seeks to cultivate a single national identity under the CCP.

What is the "ethnic mingling" policy proposed by Xi in 2014, and what is its underlying goal?

The "ethnic mingling" policy, proposed by Xi in 2014, is an assimilation policy based on "national integration" and "national unity." Its goal is to establish a unified national identity, replacing distinct ethnic identities with the concept of the *Zhonghua minzu*.

What do some scholars argue is the potential consequence of the "ethnic mingling" policy on cultural diversity?

Some scholars argue that the national revival campaign, including the "ethnic mingling" policy, may lead to China losing cultural diversity and "indigeneity." They suggest that assimilation efforts could diminish unique cultural identities.

What claims have been made by scholars, journalists, and governments regarding the implementation of the "ethnic mingling" policy against Uyghurs?

Some scholars, journalists, and governments claim that the "ethnic mingling" policy's implementation has evolved into cultural genocide against minorities in Xinjiang, particularly the Uyghurs. They point to measures taken since 2017, including regulations that laid the foundation for mass internment and "re-education" systems.

What incentives were offered by the local government of Qiemo County in Xinjiang for families encouraging intermarriage between ethnic minorities and Han Chinese?

The Qiemo County government in Xinjiang offered incentives for intermarriage, including priority consideration in politics and housing, free tuition for children from elementary to high school, and a 10,000 yuan award annually for up to five years. These measures aimed to promote ethnic integration.

How have some Chinese interpreted the Chinese Dream, and what did Evan Osnos comment on this interpretation?

Some Chinese have interpreted the Chinese Dream as the pursuit of individual dreams, leading to what Evan Osnos of *The New Yorker* called "China Dreams—plural." He suggested that the concept represents the proliferation of 1.3 billion individual Chinese Dreams.

According to Shi Yuzhi, what is the Chinese Dream *not* about, and what *is* it about?

According to Shi Yuzhi, a professor at the National University of Singapore, the Chinese Dream is not about individual glory. Instead, it is about collective effort and the prosperity of the nation.

How does Chinese state propaganda aim to link individual and national aspirations?

A main aim of Chinese state propaganda is to construct links between individual aspirations and the national dream. This strategy seeks to align the values of the market economy with state nationalism, often seen in entertainment media where contestants connect personal dreams to China's triumph and the CCP's legitimacy.

How does Helen H. Wang connect the Chinese Dream to the American Dream in her book?

Helen H. Wang, in her book *The Chinese Dream*, connects it to the American Dream by suggesting that the Chinese people have similar hopes and dreams for a better life for themselves and their children. She highlights the growing Chinese middle class and their aspirations.

How does Chinese state media contrast the Chinese Dream with the American Dream?

Chinese state media sometimes contrasts the Chinese Dream with the American Dream by characterizing the latter as focused on maximizing private benefit and profit motive, driven by self-interest. In contrast, the Chinese Dream is presented as seeking national rejuvenation.

What did Xi Jinping state in 2015 about the dreams of people in other countries?

In 2015, Xi Jinping stated that people in all countries share similar dreams regarding world peace, social security, stability, and a decent life. He suggested that these diverse dreams create opportunities for cooperation between China, the United States, and other nations.

According to Suisheng Zhao, how does the Chinese Dream differ from the American Dream in terms of individual and national goals?

Suisheng Zhao writes that the Chinese Dream is distinguished from the American Dream because it allows individuals to pursue personal dreams while simultaneously contributing to the national dream. This contrasts with the more individualistic focus often associated with the American Dream.

What impact has the slowing economic growth in China had on the CCP's legitimacy, according to some academics?

Some academics consider the slowing economic growth in China to be significant for the CCP because the country's economic prosperity has been a key element in maintaining the Party's legitimacy within the context of the Chinese Dream. A decline in economic performance could challenge this legitimacy.

What did Roderick MacFarquhar, a China expert, say about Xi Jinping's "Chinese Dream" in 2015?

In October 2015, Roderick MacFarquhar, a China expert from Harvard University, stated at a conference in Beijing that Xi Jinping's talk of the "Chinese Dream" was "not the intellectually coherent, robust and wide-ranging philosophy needed to stand up to Western ideas."

What criticism did Ravi Kant offer regarding Xi Jinping's role in the Chinese Dream?

Ravi Kant, a financial writer, commented that Xi Jinping himself is hindering the Chinese people from realizing their dreams. He attributed Xi's rise to his belief in *fajia*, emphasizing absolute power, and contrasted this with Deng Xiaoping's empowering approach, stating, "The only man standing between the Chinese people and the Chinese dream is Xi Jinping."

What did Derek Hird observe about Xi Jinping's integration of Confucian values into the Chinese Dream?

Derek Hird, a China expert, noted that Xi Jinping has incorporated Confucian values, including conservative views on the role of Chinese women in the family, into his Chinese Dream of nationalist revival. This is reflected in new political slogans emphasizing family virtues.

What is the suggested alternative translation for "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation," and what does it imply?

Some commentators suggest that "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation" (中华民族伟大复兴) might be a mistranslation. They propose that a more accurate translation could be "great rejuvenation of the Chinese race," which carries racial implications and connects to historical European colonialism.

According to Bruce Dickson's survey data, what percentage of the Chinese population approves of the Chinese Dream?

Survey data compiled by academic Bruce Dickson indicates that approximately 70% of the Chinese population approves of the Chinese Dream. This suggests a generally positive reception of the concept among the populace.

What did Lu Chunlong conclude about the general understanding of the Chinese Dream based on a survey of 17 Chinese cities?

Based on a survey of 17 Chinese cities, academic Lu Chunlong concluded that the Chinese Dream is generally understood through the lens of "Chinese traditional culture," encompassing respect for political authority, a desire for social order, and support for a powerful government.

What is the "Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation" and how is it linked to the Chinese Dream?

The "Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation" is the ultimate goal that Xi Jinping has identified as the "greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times." The "Chinese Dream" is the slogan he uses to encapsulate and promote this overarching national aspiration.

What is the significance of the "Two Centenaries" in the context of the Chinese Dream?

The "Two Centenaries" represent the key milestones for achieving the Chinese Dream: the first centenary (2021) marked the CCP's founding, with a goal of a "moderately well-off society," and the second centenary (2049) marks the PRC's founding, with a goal of becoming a "fully developed nation."

What role does the Belt and Road Initiative play in the context of the Chinese Dream?

The Belt and Road Initiative is identified as one of the key initiatives inspired by the concept of the Chinese Dream. It serves as a primary means of economic development and infrastructure expansion aimed at achieving the nation's broader aspirations.

What did Xi Jinping state about China's development period and global changes?

Xi Jinping believes that China is in its best development period since modern times and that the world is undergoing profound changes on a scale unseen in a century. He contends that "time and momentum are on China's side" due to the rise of emerging economies, technological advancements, and shifting global governance patterns.

Chinese Dream Wiki: The Chinese Dream: Architecting National Ambition

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Understanding the Chinese Dream

A Leader's Vision

The "Chinese Dream" (Zhongguo Meng) is a political slogan closely associated with Xi Jinping, China's paramount leader. Introduced in late 2012, it encapsulates the aspiration for the "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." This concept serves as a cornerstone of Xi's administration, guiding national strategy towards specific centenary goals: achieving a moderately prosperous society by the CCP's centenary in 2021 and becoming a modern, prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious socialist country by the PRC's centenary in 2049.

Historical and Literary Roots

While popularized by Xi Jinping, the concept of a "Chinese Dream" has ancient origins in Chinese literary and intellectual history, reflecting a desire to restore past national greatness. Early 20th-century patriotic works also referenced this theme. The phrase itself has been interpreted as a modern articulation of enduring national aspirations, linking individual prosperity with collective national advancement.

Global Resonance and Ambition

The Chinese Dream is not solely an internal policy objective; it extends to China's role in the world. It informs initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and Made in China 2025, aiming to foster international cooperation and project China's influence. The vision suggests a future where China's development contributes to global prosperity and stability, framed within a "Community of Shared Future for Mankind."

Evolution of the Dream

Literary and Media Origins

The term "Chinese Dream" has roots in classical Chinese literature, appearing in poems referencing national aspirations. In modern times, it gained traction through various literary and media outlets. American journalist Thomas Friedman's 2012 New York Times column, "China Needs Its Own Dream," is often credited with popularizing the phrase within China, though its origins are debated, with some attributing its modern conceptualization to figures like Peggy Liu.

Xi Jinping's Adoption

Xi Jinping formally adopted the "Chinese Dream" as a central slogan in late 2012. His articulation linked the dream to the "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation" and the achievement of specific national goals tied to the CCP and PRC centenaries. This strategic framing aimed to unify the populace around a shared vision of national progress and prosperity.

Economic Context

The Chinese Dream's emphasis on economic development is intrinsically linked to China's post-1978 reform era. While economic growth has been a primary driver of the CCP's legitimacy, a slowdown in recent years presents challenges. The Dream's narrative seeks to maintain public confidence by linking economic progress with traditional values and national pride, potentially mitigating concerns over economic fluctuations.

Multifaceted Interpretations

Economic & Political Reform

The Chinese Dream is often interpreted as a call for continued economic reform, emphasizing infrastructure development (e.g., Belt and Road Initiative) and rebalancing the economy from investment to consumption. While Xi and Premier Li Keqiang support economic reforms, political reform remains a sensitive topic. Some liberal interpretations view the Dream as a call for constitutionalism and separation of powers, though official discourse prioritizes stability and Party leadership.

Sustainable Development

A significant interpretation frames the Chinese Dream around sustainable development, addressing environmental concerns like pollution and food safety. This perspective aligns with Xi's emphasis on "ecological civilization." The goal is to reconcile economic growth with environmental protection, ensuring a "beautiful China" and a prosperous lifestyle that is also sustainable, balancing the needs of a growing middle class with resource constraints.

Foreign Policy & Global Role

In foreign policy, the Chinese Dream is linked to building a "Community of Shared Future for Mankind." It signifies China's ambition to increase its global influence and foster partnerships based on shared interests. Diplomatic discourse often frames the Dream as an opportunity for global development and mutual learning, contrasting it with the more individualistic American Dream.

Military Strength

The concept is also tied to the idea of a strong military, essential for national rejuvenation and projecting power. Slogans like "Chinese Dream, Strong Military Dream" have appeared on military assets, underscoring the integration of military modernization with national aspirations. This aspect reflects China's growing geopolitical ambitions and its focus on enhancing defense capabilities.

Ethnic Nationalism

The Dream is intertwined with ethnic policy, aiming for national rejuvenation through assimilation and the cultivation of a unified national identity—the "Zhonghua minzu." Policies promoting "ethnic mingling" and bilingual education are seen by some scholars as steps towards integrating minority groups into a dominant Han cultural framework, a move criticized by some as cultural assimilation.

Individual Aspirations

While officially emphasizing collective goals, the Chinese Dream has also been interpreted by many citizens as the pursuit of individual dreams. Public discourse, particularly on social media, reflects a desire for personal betterment, career success, and improved living standards, often seen as contributing to the broader national narrative. This highlights a dynamic interplay between state-promoted ideology and individual aspirations.

Diverse Reactions

Academic and Media Scrutiny

Academics and media outlets have offered varied perspectives. Some view the Chinese Dream as lacking intellectual coherence compared to Western philosophies, while others highlight its role in legitimizing CCP rule through appeals to traditional values and national pride. Concerns have been raised about the potential for ethnic assimilation policies and the impact of economic slowdowns on the Dream's credibility.

Comparison to the American Dream

The Chinese Dream is frequently contrasted with the American Dream. While the American Dream often emphasizes individual achievement and liberty, the Chinese Dream is presented as a collective aspiration for national rejuvenation, prosperity, and global standing. State media sometimes positions the Chinese Dream as superior, focusing on collective benefit and national interest over individual gain.

Legitimacy and Control

The slogan serves as a powerful tool for CCP legitimacy, linking national goals with the Party's leadership. By invoking traditional values and historical narratives, the CCP aims to foster social harmony and national unity. However, the interpretation and implementation of the Dream, particularly concerning social issues and ethnic policies, remain subjects of ongoing debate and scrutiny.

Further Exploration

Related Concepts

The Chinese Dream is interconnected with numerous other concepts central to Xi Jinping's ideology and China's national strategy. These include "Socialism with Chinese Characteristics," the "Belt and Road Initiative," "Common Prosperity," and the "Four Comprehensives." Understanding these related ideas provides a more holistic view of China's current political and economic trajectory.

Key Institutions

The realization of the Chinese Dream is overseen by various key political and governmental bodies. These include the Central Foreign Affairs Commission, the National People's Congress, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission, all operating under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. The Party's structure, including the Politburo and its Standing Committee, plays a crucial role in shaping and implementing the Dream's objectives.

International Context

The Chinese Dream's foreign policy dimensions are significant, influencing China's relations with other nations and international organizations. Concepts like "Major-country Diplomacy" and the "Community of Shared Future for Mankind" reflect China's ambition to reshape global governance and its role within the international system.

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References

Qiangan, Wang. âä¸å½æ¢¦âä¸è¯çç±æ¥ ["The Origin of the Words China Dream."] Contemporary China History Studies 6 (2013): 020.

Helen H. Wang (Feb. 2013), "Chinese People Must Define Their Own Dream", Forbes.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Chinese Dream Wikipedia page

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Academic Integrity and Limitations

This document has been generated by an AI, drawing upon publicly available information to provide an academic overview of the "Chinese Dream." While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the source material, the content is intended for educational purposes and should not be considered definitive or exhaustive. The AI's interpretation and synthesis of complex political concepts are subject to inherent limitations.

This is not political or strategic advice. The information presented here is not a substitute for professional analysis or consultation regarding geopolitical, economic, or social matters related to China. Readers are encouraged to consult primary sources and expert analyses for a comprehensive understanding.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors, omissions, or interpretations derived from the information provided.

The Chinese Dream

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Understanding the Chinese Dream 💡

🇨🇳 A Leader's Vision

📜 Historical and Literary Roots

🌐 Global Resonance and Ambition

Evolution of the Dream ⏳

✍️ Literary and Media Origins

🗣️ Xi Jinping's Adoption

📈 Economic Context

Multifaceted Interpretations 🧩

🏛️ Economic & Political Reform

🌳 Sustainable Development

🌍 Foreign Policy & Global Role

🛡️ Military Strength

🤝 Ethnic Nationalism

🌟 Individual Aspirations

Diverse Reactions 💬

🤔 Academic and Media Scrutiny

🇺🇸 Comparison to the American Dream

⚖️ Legitimacy and Control

Further Exploration 🔗

📚 Related Concepts

🏛️ Key Institutions

🌍 International Context

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Academic Integrity and Limitations

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Understanding the Chinese Dream

A Leader's Vision

Historical and Literary Roots

Global Resonance and Ambition

Evolution of the Dream

Literary and Media Origins

Xi Jinping's Adoption

Economic Context

Multifaceted Interpretations

Economic & Political Reform

Sustainable Development

Foreign Policy & Global Role

Military Strength

Ethnic Nationalism

Individual Aspirations

Diverse Reactions

Academic and Media Scrutiny

Comparison to the American Dream

Legitimacy and Control

Further Exploration

Related Concepts

Key Institutions

International Context

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Academic Integrity and Limitations