What is Dakar's primary role and geographical significance?

Dakar serves as the capital and largest city of Senegal. It is geographically situated on the Cap-Vert peninsula, which marks the westernmost point of mainland Africa. This strategic location has historically made it a significant hub for trade and transportation.

When was the Cap-Vert peninsula first settled, and by whom?

The Cap-Vert peninsula was settled no later than the 15th century, primarily by the Lebu people, who are an aquacultural subgroup of the Wolof ethnic group. Villages like Ouakam, Ngor, Yoff, and Hann, which still exist today, were originally Lebu settlements.

What was the historical involvement of European powers with Gorée and the Cap-Vert peninsula?

The Portuguese established a presence on Gorée island off the Cap-Vert coast in the early 15th century, using it as a base for the Atlantic slave trade. France took control of the island in 1677. Following the abolition of the slave trade and French annexation of the mainland area in the 19th century, Dakar grew significantly.

What administrative changes occurred in Dakar during the colonial era?

Dakar was recognized as a French commune in 1872, initially as part of Gorée. In 1887, Dakar was separated from Gorée to become its own commune. Crucially, in 1902, Dakar replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa, solidifying its importance within the French colonial empire.

How did Dakar's role as a port evolve?

After the slave trade was abolished, French authorities promoted peanut cultivation on the mainland. As the peanut trade boomed, the small Gorée Island proved insufficient as a port. Traders relocated to the mainland, establishing warehouses in Rufisque in 1840, and Dakar's port facilities were improved with jetties, further enhancing its role as a major regional port.

What was the significance of the Dakar-Saint-Louis and Dakar-Niger railways?

The Dakar-Saint-Louis railway, completed in 1885, linked Dakar to Saint-Louis and became a vital base for the French conquest of Western Sudan. Later, the Dakar-Niger railway, built between 1906 and 1923, connected Dakar to Bamako, further consolidating the city's position as the administrative and economic center of French West Africa.

What social segregation patterns emerged in Dakar during the colonial period?

Following a plague epidemic in 1914, authorities moved the African population from the central 'Plateau' district to a new quarter called 'Médina', separated by a 'sanitary cordon'. While the Lebu inhabitants resisted this, the Plateau district became increasingly reserved for Europeans, serving as a model for similar exclusionary enclaves in other French colonial capitals.

What was the Battle of Dakar in World War II?

In 1940, General de Gaulle attempted to establish Dakar as the base for Free French resistance operations, with British naval support. However, due to delays and the city falling under Vichy French influence, the plan was resisted, leading to a three-day naval battle between Vichy defenses and the Free French/British forces. The initiative ultimately failed.

What was the Thiaroye massacre, and what was its impact?

In November 1944, West African soldiers stationed in the Thiaroye camp near Dakar mutinied due to poor conditions. French soldiers subsequently opened fire on them, resulting in a massacre with casualty figures ranging from 35 to over 300. This event was seen as a significant indictment of the colonial system and a turning point for the nationalist movement.

What was Léopold Sédar Senghor's vision for Dakar after Senegal's independence?

After Senegal gained independence in 1960, Léopold Sédar Senghor, the first President of Senegal, aimed to transform Dakar into the "Sub-Saharan African Athens" (l'Athènes de l'Afrique subsaharienne), envisioning it as a cultural and intellectual center.

What is the climate classification of Dakar?

Dakar experiences an ocean-influenced tropical hot semi-arid climate, classified as 'BSh' under the Köppen climate classification system. This means it has a distinct short rainy season and a longer dry season, with temperatures moderated by sea breezes.

How does Dakar's climate compare to inland Sahelian cities?

While Dakar is warm year-round, its climate is moderated by sea breezes, preventing the extreme heat experienced in inland Sahelian cities like Niamey and N'Djamena, where temperatures frequently exceed 36°C (96.8°F).

What are the projected climate change impacts on Dakar by 2050?

A 2019 study estimated that by 2050, under a moderate climate change scenario (RCP 4.5), Dakar's climate would most closely resemble the current climate of Praia, Cape Verde. This includes an anticipated increase in annual temperature by 1.5°C.

How is Dakar administered?

Dakar functions as both a commune and a department. It is further divided into four arrondissements: Almadies, Grand Dakar, Parcelles Assainies, and Plateau/Gorée. Since a 1996 reform, the city commune has been split into 19 smaller communes d'arrondissement, each with significant powers.

What is the significance of the 1996 administrative reform in Dakar?

The 1996 reform divided the large commune of Dakar into 19 'communes d'arrondissement', granting them extensive powers. This structure is comparable to London boroughs, with the original commune of Dakar acting as an overarching coordinating body, similar to Greater London.

What are the 'Deux Mamelles' and their significance?

The 'Deux Mamelles' are twin hills located in the Ouakam commune, serving as the only significant high ground in Dakar. They offer panoramic views of the city and surrounding areas. The Mamelles Lighthouse sits atop one hill, while the African Renaissance Monument is located on the other.

What is the African Renaissance Monument?

The African Renaissance Monument is a towering bronze statue located atop one of the Deux Mamelles hills in Dakar. It is recognized as the tallest statue in Africa and is a prominent modern landmark of the city.

What is the historical and cultural importance of Île de Gorée?

Île de Gorée, a small island off the coast of Dakar, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Historically, it served as a major center for the Atlantic slave trade, and today it houses the House of Slaves museum, preserving the memory of this period. It also hosts outdoor art exhibitions by local artists.

What are the main places of worship in Dakar?

The majority of places of worship in Dakar are Muslim mosques, reflecting the country's religious demographics. The city also has Christian churches belonging to denominations such as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese, Assemblies of God, and the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God.

What recognition did Dakar receive from ISESCO in 2007?

In 2007, Dakar was honored by the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) by being selected as the Capital of Islamic Culture for the African Region, acknowledging its significant Islamic heritage.

What is the Layene Brotherhood, and where is its founder buried?

The Layene Brotherhood is a Sufi tariqa founded in 1883 by Seydina Mouhammadou Limamou Laye in Yoff, Dakar. It is the third-largest Sufi order in Senegal, primarily composed of Lebou people. Seydina Mouhammadou Limamou Laye is buried in the Layen Mausoleum, a notable landmark in Dakar.

What cultural practices are highlighted in Dakar's society?

Dakar's culture emphasizes family, evident in shared meals where people eat together with their hands, often initiated by the phrase 'kay lekk' ('come eat'). Greetings are considered vital etiquette, and daily life for the majority Muslim population includes participation in Islamic activities like noon prayers and Friday mosque attendance.

What are some notable museums in Dakar?

Dakar hosts several museums, including the IFAN Museum of African Arts (also known as Musée Theodore Monod), the Henriette-Bathily Women's Museum, the House of Slaves, the Museum of Black Civilisations, and the Dynamic Museum.

What sporting events or activities are associated with Dakar?

Dakar was historically the finishing point for the Dakar Rally until 2007. The city is also preparing to host the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics, marking the first time an Olympic event will be held in Africa. The football club AS Douanes is also based in Dakar.

What is the Train Express Regional Dakar-AIBD (TER)?

The TER is a new commuter train service designed to connect Dakar with Blaise Diagne International Airport (AIBD). It aims to significantly reduce travel times and carry a large number of passengers daily, improving urban mobility.

What is the Sunu BRT network?

The Sunu BRT is Dakar's Bus Rapid Transit network, notable for being 100% electric. It represents a significant investment in sustainable urban transportation, aiming to reduce travel times and improve accessibility across the city.

What economic impact does poor urban transport have on Senegal, according to a 2021 study?

A 2021 study by CETUD revealed that poor air quality, traffic congestion, hazardous roads, and noise pollution associated with urban transport result in annual economic losses of nearly CFA francs 900 billion (approximately $1.4 billion USD), representing about 6% of Senegal's yearly GDP.

Which major international airport serves Dakar?

Blaise Diagne International Airport (AIBD) is the primary international airport serving Dakar. It handles flights from numerous global airlines and serves as the hub for Senegal's national carrier, Air Senegal.

Name three cities with which Dakar is twinned.

Dakar has international twinning agreements with several cities, including Ann Arbor (USA), Baku (Azerbaijan), and Douala (Cameroon), among others.

What is the historical significance of the 'Plateau' and 'Médina' districts in Dakar?

The Plateau district was historically the administrative and commercial center, increasingly reserved for Europeans during the colonial era. The Médina district was established for the African population after a 1914 plague epidemic, creating a pattern of segregation that continues to influence the city's structure.

What role did Blaise Diagne play in Dakar's history?

Blaise Diagne was a prominent figure as the first African elected Deputy to the National Assembly. He also served as the mayor of Dakar from 1924 to 1934 and supported the Lebu inhabitants in their resistance against colonial expropriation, highlighting his influence on both political and social matters.

What is the average annual temperature in Dakar?

Dakar generally experiences warm temperatures throughout the year, with daily highs typically ranging from 25-28°C (77-82°F) between December and May, and increasing to 29-31°C (84-88°F) between May and November.

What is the average monthly sunshine duration in Dakar?

Dakar receives a significant amount of sunshine, averaging around 3,031.6 hours per year. The sunniest months are typically April and May, with over 290 hours of sunshine each.

What is the average relative humidity in Dakar?

The average relative humidity in Dakar is around 76%, with slightly higher humidity during the rainy season (September) and lower humidity during the drier months (January).

What is the significance of Dakar being the westernmost city on the African mainland?

Being the westernmost point of mainland Africa gives Dakar a unique geographical position, historically serving as a crucial point for transatlantic voyages and trade routes connecting Africa to the Americas and Europe.

What is the purpose of the 'communes d'arrondissement' in Dakar's administration?

The 19 communes d'arrondissement, created in 1996, were established to manage the large and populous city more effectively. They possess extensive powers, similar to London boroughs, allowing for more localized governance and service delivery within the broader framework of the Dakar commune.

What are the main economic activities and communities present in Dakar?

Dakar is a major financial center with numerous banks and international organizations. It hosts a significant Lebanese community, primarily in import-export, along with Moroccan, Cape Verdean, Guinean, and French expatriate communities, contributing to its diverse economic landscape.

What is the historical context of the name 'Dakar' and its origins?

The name 'Dakar' originates from 'Ndakaaru', the name of a Lebu village established in the 17th century across from Gorée island to service European trading posts. The French later adopted and adapted this name for their settlement.

What impact did the abolition of the slave trade have on Gorée and Dakar?

Following the abolition of the slave trade, Gorée's economic importance diminished. To compensate, French authorities promoted peanut cultivation, and Dakar's port infrastructure was developed to handle this new trade, leading to its growth as a major regional port and eventually replacing Gorée as the primary hub.

What is the role of the Dakar region in Senegal's administrative structure?

The Dakar region is one of Senegal's 14 administrative regions and encompasses the city of Dakar along with its surrounding suburbs on the Cap-Vert Peninsula. Since administrative reforms in 1996, these regions have become political units with elected councils responsible for managing regional development and coordinating local communes.

What are the key features of Dakar's climate data tables?

The climate data tables provide detailed information on average and record temperatures, precipitation levels, rainy days, relative humidity, and sunshine hours for Dakar. They show a tropical semi-arid climate with a pronounced dry season and a rainy season concentrated in the summer months.

What are the potential financial damages projected for African cities due to sea level rise by 2050?

According to the IPCC's 2022 report, Dakar is among 12 major African cities vulnerable to sea level rise. Collectively, these cities could face cumulative damages of $65 billion under a moderate emissions scenario (RCP 4.5) and $86.5 billion under a high-emission scenario (RCP 8.5) by 2050.

What is the significance of Dakar being selected as the Capital of Islamic Culture for the African Region in 2007?

Dakar's designation as the Capital of Islamic Culture for the African Region in 2007 by ISESCO highlighted its rich Islamic heritage and its role as a center for Islamic education and cultural exchange within the continent.

What are the main Trans-African Highways that start from Dakar?

Three major Trans-African Highways originate in Dakar: the Cairo-Dakar Highway (TAH 1), the Dakar-Ndjamena Highway (TAH 5), and the Dakar-Lagos Highway (TAH 7), connecting the city to various parts of the continent.

What is the purpose of the Dakar Biennale?

The Dakar Biennale is one of the significant international festivals held in the city, contributing to Dakar's reputation as a cultural hub. It showcases contemporary African and international art, fostering dialogue and exchange within the global art community.

Who was Mamadou Diop, and what is his distinction in Dakar's mayoral history?

Mamadou Diop served as the mayor of Dakar for 18 years, from 1984 to 2002, making him the longest-serving mayor in the city's history since its establishment as a commune in 1887.

What is the historical context of the 'House of Slaves' in Gorée?

The House of Slaves, built on Gorée Island in 1776, is a museum dedicated to the Atlantic slave trade. It stands as a poignant memorial to the millions of Africans who were forcibly transported across the Atlantic, serving as a significant historical site for remembrance and education.

What is the role of the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) in Dakar?

Dakar hosts the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), which manages the unified West African CFA franc currency. This presence underscores Dakar's importance as a major financial center for the region.

What impact did the Lebu people have on Dakar's early history?

The Lebu people were the original settlers of the Cap-Vert peninsula, establishing villages that form distinct neighborhoods within modern Dakar. They also established a theocratic state, the 'Lebu Republic', with its capital at Ndakaaru, before French annexation.

What is the significance of Dakar hosting the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics?

Dakar's selection to host the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics is historically significant as it will be the first time an Olympic event is held on the African continent, marking a milestone for sports and international participation in Africa.

What are the main types of transportation infrastructure in Dakar?

Dakar's transportation infrastructure includes the Autonomous Port of Dakar, the Blaise Diagne International Airport, the Train Express Regional (TER) commuter line, and the Sunu BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) electric bus network, alongside older road networks.

Dakar Wiki: Dakar: Senegal's Atlantic Gateway

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Introduction

Capital and Hub

Dakar serves as the capital and largest city of Senegal. Situated on the Cap-Vert peninsula, the westernmost point of mainland Africa, it is a pivotal economic, political, and cultural center for the nation and the wider West African region. Its strategic location has historically made it a crucial port and a nexus for trade and communication.

Metropolitan Significance

The administrative department of Dakar houses a significant portion of Senegal's population, with the metropolitan area encompassing millions. This concentration underscores Dakar's role as the primary engine of Senegal's economy and development, attracting diverse communities and international organizations.

Global Connections

As a major financial center and a hub for international organizations, Dakar plays a crucial role in regional and global affairs. Its history as a colonial administrative center and its ongoing development reflect its enduring importance on the African continent.

Historical Trajectory

Early Settlements and Colonial Roots

The Cap-Vert peninsula, where Dakar is located, was settled by the Lebu people as early as the 15th century. The Portuguese established a presence in the area in the 15th century, utilizing Gorée Island as a base for the Atlantic slave trade. France later took control in 1677. By the 19th century, as the slave trade waned and peanut cultivation boomed, Dakar's mainland port facilities began to surpass Gorée's capacity, leading to its development as a major regional port and administrative center for French West Africa.

Capital and Development

Dakar replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa in 1902. Its strategic importance was further solidified by the completion of the Dakar-Saint-Louis and Dakar-Niger railways, linking it to the hinterland. Following a period as the capital of the short-lived Mali Federation (1959-1960), Dakar became the capital of independent Senegal in 1960. Visionary leaders aimed to transform it into an "African Athens," fostering culture and education.

Wartime Significance and Social Change

During World War II, Dakar was a site of strategic importance for Free French forces. The city also witnessed significant social upheaval, including the 1914 plague epidemic that led to the segregation of populations and the 1944 Thiaroye massacre, a tragic event highlighting the struggles of West African conscripts in the French army and fueling the nationalist movement.

Geographical Context

Westernmost Point

Dakar is strategically positioned on the Cap-Vert peninsula, marking the westernmost point of mainland Africa. This unique geographical location has historically influenced its role as a maritime hub and a gateway between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Coastal Influence

The city's coastline is characterized by beaches and small islands, including Gorée, N'Gor, and Îles de la Madeleine. These coastal features not only shape the city's landscape but also contribute to its cultural and recreational identity, with areas like N'Gor beach being popular for water sports.

Climate Profile

Tropical Semi-Arid Conditions

Dakar experiences a tropical hot semi-arid climate (Köppen classification: BSh). The city is characterized by a short rainy season from July to October and a long dry season for the remaining eight months. Annual rainfall averages around 411 mm (16.2 in).

Temperature and Breezes

Temperatures are warm year-round, with daily highs typically ranging from 25-31°C (77-88°F). Nights are generally mild. Unlike many inland Sahelian cities, Dakar's climate is moderated by consistent sea breezes, preventing extreme heat.

Climate Data

Detailed climate data, including average temperatures, precipitation, and sunshine hours, provides insight into Dakar's seasonal patterns. These metrics are crucial for understanding the city's environmental conditions and planning.

Climate data for Dakar (1991–2020)

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	36.5 (97.7)	39.8 (103.6)	40.4 (104.7)	34.7 (94.5)	33.8 (92.8)	39.4 (102.9)	33.5 (92.3)	34.5 (94.1)	34.8 (94.6)	37.8 (100.0)	40.3 (104.5)	39.5 (103.1)	40.4 (104.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	25.9 (78.6)	25.2 (77.4)	25.2 (77.4)	25 (77)	26.2 (79.2)	28.7 (83.7)	30.1 (86.2)	30.5 (86.9)	30.9 (87.6)	31.3 (88.3)	30.1 (86.2)	27.9 (82.2)	28.1 (82.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	18.6 (65.5)	18 (64)	18.4 (65.1)	19.1 (66.4)	20.7 (69.3)	23.6 (74.5)	25.2 (77.4)	25.4 (77.7)	25.2 (77.4)	25.5 (77.9)	23.5 (74.3)	21 (70)	22.0 (71.6)
Record low °C (°F)	14.0 (57.2)	14.4 (57.9)	15.0 (59.0)	15.3 (59.5)	17.0 (62.6)	19.3 (66.7)	21.4 (70.5)	20.0 (68.0)	20.2 (68.4)	18.8 (65.8)	17.0 (62.6)	14.8 (58.6)	14.0 (57.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	1.2 (0.05)	0.4 (0.02)	0.1 (0.00)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	7 (0.3)	52.8 (2.08)	165.6 (6.52)	138.4 (5.45)	26.3 (1.04)	0.3 (0.01)	0.4 (0.02)	392.5 (15.49)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	0.1	0.2	0.1	0	0	0.6	4.2	9.8	9.2	2.4	0.1	0.1	26.8
Source: NOAA NCEI

Sea Temperature

The Atlantic waters surrounding Dakar exhibit seasonal temperature variations, typically ranging from 20°C (68°F) in February to 27°C (81°F) during August to November.

Dakar mean sea temperature
Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
22 °C (72 °F)	20 °C (68 °F)	20 °C (68 °F)	21 °C (70 °F)	23 °C (73 °F)	25 °C (77 °F)	27 °C (81 °F)	27 °C (81 °F)	27 °C (81 °F)	27 °C (81 °F)	27 °C (81 °F)	24 °C (75 °F)	24 °C (75 °F)

Administrative Structure

Municipal Framework

Dakar operates as a commune, established in 1887, and is also designated as a department. This dual administrative status mirrors that of Paris, with the commune holding significant political and administrative functions. The city is governed by a democratically elected municipal council and a mayor.

Decentralization and Districts

In 1996, Dakar underwent a significant administrative reform, dividing the large commune into 19 smaller communes d'arrondissement. These entities function similarly to boroughs in London, each possessing substantial autonomy and managing local affairs, while the overarching commune of Dakar provides coordination.

Regional Governance

The city of Dakar also forms one of Senegal's 14 regions. This regional structure, established through reforms, grants elected regional councils authority over economic development, transportation, and environmental management, coordinating the actions of the communes within its jurisdiction.

Cultural Landscape

Social Fabric and Etiquette

Senegalese culture, particularly in Dakar, places a strong emphasis on family and community. Greetings are a vital aspect of social interaction, reflecting respect and politeness. Traditional meals are often communal affairs, fostering a sense of togetherness.

Arts and Expression

Dakar is recognized as a vibrant cultural capital, hosting numerous national and international festivals, including the Dakar Biennale and the World Festival of Black Arts. Music plays a significant role, with local artists using their platforms to address community issues. The city also boasts a rich museum scene, showcasing African arts and history.

Religious Influence

As a predominantly Muslim city, Islamic practices are integral to daily life. Many residents participate in daily prayers and Friday congregational prayers. Dakar was recognized as the Capital of Islamic Culture for the African Region in 2007, highlighting its Islamic heritage and role in inter-Islamic cooperation.

Sporting Life

Local Clubs and Events

Dakar is home to AS Douanes, a prominent sports club competing in the Senegal Premier League. Historically, the city was famously the finish line for the Dakar Rally, a globally recognized motorsport event, before its relocation.

Future Sporting Hub

Dakar is set to make history by hosting the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics, marking the first time an Olympic event will be held on the African continent. This signifies Dakar's growing international profile and its commitment to promoting sports and youth development.

Transportation Network

Urban Mobility Challenges

The city's transportation sector faces challenges, including air quality issues, traffic congestion, and road safety concerns, which result in significant annual economic losses. The Conseil Exécutif des Transports Urbains Durables (CETUD) works to coordinate and improve urban transport.

Sustainable Transit Initiatives

Dakar is pioneering sustainable transport with its 100% electric Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) network, Sunu BRT. This initiative, supported by international funding, aims to enhance connectivity, reduce travel times, and create jobs, significantly improving access to the city center for its residents.

Air and Rail Connectivity

The city is served by Blaise Diagne International Airport (AIBD), a major hub for regional and international flights. The new Train Express Regional (TER) connects Dakar with the airport and surrounding areas, enhancing passenger capacity and travel efficiency.

Notable Figures

Influential Personalities

Dakar has been the birthplace or home to numerous influential figures across various fields. These include internationally acclaimed musicians like Youssou N'Dour and Akon, celebrated athletes such as Sadio Mané and Patrick Vieira, prominent intellectuals like Cheikh Anta Diop, and influential cultural figures.

Global Reach

The diverse talents emerging from Dakar span sports, music, arts, politics, and academia, reflecting the city's dynamic cultural environment and its contribution to global discourse and achievement.

International Ties

Sister Cities

Dakar maintains active twin city relationships with numerous cities worldwide, fostering cultural exchange and international cooperation. These partnerships span continents, connecting Dakar with global urban centers.

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Baku, Azerbaijan
Douala, Cameroon
Isfahan, Iran
Melbourne, Australia
Milan, Italy
Oran, Algeria
Rangpur, Bangladesh
Rosario, Argentina
Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
Taipei, Taiwan
Washington, D.C., United States

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Dakar" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about dakar while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

ashkenazi jews

list of phylogenetics software

high-valent iron

the financial express india

politics of the soviet union

References

Senegal: Administrative Division

B.W. Diffie and G.D. Winius (1977) Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415â1580 Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp.83-85

A. Teixeira da Mota (1946) "A descoberta da GuinÃ©", Boletim cultural da GuinÃ© Portuguesa, Vol. 1. No. 2 (Apr), p. 273-326.

A. Teixeira da Mota (1968) "Ilha de Santiago e Angra de Bezeguiche, escalas da carreira da India", Do tempo e da historia, Lisbon, v.3, pp.141-49.

Vespucci's letter from Bezeguiche is reproduced in F.A. de Varnhagen (1865) Amerigo Vespucci, pp.78-82.

Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture, ABC-CLIO, US, 2013, p. 93

Martin Thomas, "The AngloâFrench divorce over West Africa and the limitations of strategic planning, JuneâDecember 1940." Diplomacy and Statecraft 6.1 (1995): 252-278.

Les Mamelles â Dakar's Breasts. Lonely Planets. Retrieved May 4, 2018.

J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, US, 2010, p. 2573-2575

A full list of references for this article are available at the Dakar Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Academic Integrity Notice

This document was generated by an Artificial Intelligence, drawing upon publicly available data from Wikipedia. It is intended for academic and informational purposes, providing a structured overview of Dakar, Senegal.

This is not official advice. The content is based on a snapshot of information and may not be exhaustive or entirely current. Readers are encouraged to consult primary sources and official documentation for definitive information. The creators of this page are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions, nor for any actions taken based on the information presented.

Dakar: Senegal's Atlantic Gateway

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction 🌍

🏛️ Capital and Hub

📈 Metropolitan Significance

🌐 Global Connections

Historical Trajectory 📜

🧭 Early Settlements and Colonial Roots

🏛️ Capital and Development

⚔️ Wartime Significance and Social Change

Geographical Context 📍

🗺️ Westernmost Point

🏝️ Coastal Influence

Climate Profile ☀️

🌡️ Tropical Semi-Arid Conditions

🌬️ Temperature and Breezes

📊 Climate Data

🌊 Sea Temperature

Administrative Structure 🏛️

📜 Municipal Framework

🗺️ Decentralization and Districts

📍 Regional Governance

Cultural Landscape 🎭

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Social Fabric and Etiquette

🎶 Arts and Expression

🕌 Religious Influence

Sporting Life ⚽

🏆 Local Clubs and Events

🏅 Future Sporting Hub

Transportation Network 🚆

🚗 Urban Mobility Challenges

🚌 Sustainable Transit Initiatives

✈️ Air and Rail Connectivity

Notable Figures 👤

🌟 Influential Personalities

🌐 Global Reach

International Ties 🤝

🔗 Sister Cities

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Academic Integrity Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

Capital and Hub

Metropolitan Significance

Global Connections

Historical Trajectory

Early Settlements and Colonial Roots

Capital and Development

Wartime Significance and Social Change

Geographical Context

Westernmost Point

Coastal Influence

Climate Profile

Tropical Semi-Arid Conditions

Temperature and Breezes

Climate Data

Sea Temperature

Administrative Structure

Municipal Framework

Decentralization and Districts

Regional Governance

Cultural Landscape

Social Fabric and Etiquette

Arts and Expression

Religious Influence

Sporting Life

Local Clubs and Events

Future Sporting Hub

Transportation Network

Urban Mobility Challenges

Sustainable Transit Initiatives

Air and Rail Connectivity

Notable Figures

Influential Personalities

Global Reach

International Ties

Sister Cities

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Academic Integrity Notice