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The Critical Lens: David M. Halperin

An in-depth examination of a leading theorist in gender studies, queer theory, critical theory, and the history of sexuality.

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Overview

A Distinguished Scholar

David M. Halperin, born on April 2, 1952, in Chicago, Illinois, is a prominent American theorist whose work spans gender studies, queer theory, critical theory, and the intricate fields of material and visual culture. His intellectual contributions have significantly shaped contemporary academic discourse on sexuality and its historical constructions.[1]

Academic Leadership

Halperin is recognized not only for his extensive publications but also for his foundational role in establishing academic platforms for LGBTQ+ scholarship. He co-founded *GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies*, serving as its editor for fifteen years, and was an early co-chair of the Lesbian and Gay Classical Caucus, now known as the Lambda Classical Caucus.[1][5]

Interdisciplinary Impact

His scholarship is characterized by an interdisciplinary approach, drawing from classics, literature, and sociology to critically examine the historical and cultural dimensions of sexuality. Halperin's work challenges conventional understandings and has been instrumental in advancing queer theory as a distinct and influential field of study.[1]

Academic Journey

Educational Foundations

Halperin's academic journey began at Oberlin College, where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1973. During his undergraduate studies, he also enriched his classical knowledge by studying abroad at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in 1972–1973. He then pursued his graduate education at Stanford University, completing both his Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Classics and Humanities by 1980.[1][2][3]

Distinguished Professorships

His extensive teaching career includes significant appointments at several prestigious institutions:

  • Associate Director of the Summer Session of the School of Classical Studies at the American Academy in Rome (1977).[2]
  • Professor of Literature at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1981–1996).[1]
  • Lecturer in Sociology at the University of New South Wales (1996–1999).[1]
  • Visiting appointments at the University of Queensland (1994) and Monash University (1995).[2]

Currently, he holds the esteemed titles of W. H. Auden Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of the History and Theory of Sexuality, Professor Emeritus of English Language and Literature, and Professor Emeritus of Women's and Gender Studies at the University of Michigan.[1]

Awards and Fellowships

Halperin's scholarly excellence has been recognized through numerous awards and fellowships:

  • Rome Prize Fellow at the American Academy in Rome.[1]
  • Fellowships at the National Humanities Center, Stanford Humanities Center, Humanities Research Centre at the Australian National University, and the Society for the Humanities at Cornell University.[1]
  • Guggenheim Fellowship (2008–2009).[1]
  • Michael Lynch Service Award from the Gay and Lesbian Caucus at the Modern Language Association.[1]
  • Distinguished Editor Award from the Council of Editors of Learned Journals.[1]
  • Brudner Prize at Yale University (2011–2012).[6]

Scholarly Contributions

Genealogy of Homosexuality

A cornerstone of Halperin's methodology is the genealogical approach to studying the history of homosexuality. This method, inspired by Foucault, critically examines how concepts and categories of sexuality have been constructed and transformed over time. For instance, Halperin argues that Aristophanes' speech in Plato's *Symposium* does not present a taxonomy of heterosexuals and homosexuals analogous to modern classifications, challenging anachronistic interpretations of ancient texts.[14] This perspective emphasizes the historical contingency of sexual identities rather than their timelessness.

*One Hundred Years of Homosexuality*

Published in 1990, this seminal work predates the centenary of Charles Gilbert Chaddock's 1892 English translation of Richard von Krafft-Ebing's *Psychopathia Sexualis*, which is credited with introducing the term "homosexual" into the English language.[15][16] Halperin posits that the emergence of this term marked a pivotal shift in the conceptualization and treatment of same-sex desire, moving from acts to identity. The book compiles six essays that collectively explore the historical evolution of Greek love and its implications for understanding modern sexual categories.[15]

Academic Debates

Halperin's work, particularly his genealogical approach, has not been without academic debate. Medieval historian John Boswell, for example, offered critiques of Halperin's arguments regarding the historical understanding of sexuality.[14] Such scholarly exchanges highlight the vibrant and evolving nature of queer theory and the history of sexuality as academic disciplines.

Activism & Advocacy

Openly Gay Activist

David Halperin is openly gay and has been a vocal advocate for LGBTQ+ rights and visibility throughout his career. His academic work is deeply intertwined with his commitment to social justice, often translating theoretical insights into public engagement and advocacy.[7]

Challenging Discrimination

In 1990, while at MIT, Halperin spearheaded a campaign to oppose the presence of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) on campus. His opposition was grounded in the argument that ROTC policies discriminated against gay and lesbian students, reflecting a broader commitment to institutional equity. This activism, however, led to him receiving death threats, underscoring the personal risks associated with advocating for LGBTQ+ rights during that era.[8][9][10]

Defending Academic Freedom

Halperin's course, "How to Be Gay: Male Homosexuality and Initiation," offered at the University of Michigan, faced attempts to ban it in 2003 by the Michigan chapter of the American Family Association.[11][12] This incident highlighted the ongoing challenges to academic freedom and the study of sexuality in higher education. In 2010, he further demonstrated his commitment to combating homophobia by writing an open letter to Michigan's Attorney General, Mike Cox, denouncing the homophobic harassment of a University of Michigan student by one of Cox's staffers.[13]

Academic Critiques

Accusations of Plagiarism

In 2011, French philosopher and sociologist Didier Eribon publicly accused David Halperin of plagiarizing his work, *Une morale du minoritaire*, in Halperin's book *What Do Gay Men Want? An Essay on Sex, Risk, and Subjectivity*. Eribon's accusation led him to demand the withdrawal of his name as a recipient of the 2008 Brudner Prize, an award Halperin also received. As of 2011, Halperin had not publicly responded to Eribon's claims.[17][18][19]

Critique of "Faddishness"

In her 1991 essay, "Junk Bonds and Corporate Raiders: Academe in the Hour of the Wolf," cultural critic Camille Paglia presented a critique of Halperin's work, characterizing it as a "pastiche of the latest faddish opinions." Paglia argued that such scholarship, in her view, prioritized career advancement over genuine intellectual inquiry, likening it to "junk bonds" due to its perceived volatility and lack of enduring merit. This critique, however, also drew counter-criticism from other scholars.[20][21] Despite these criticisms, Halperin has continued to publish extensively, releasing four additional monographs and co-editing two volumes of queer criticism since Paglia's essay.[20]

Key Publications

Authored and Edited Works

David M. Halperin's extensive bibliography reflects his profound engagement with classical studies, literary theory, and the history and theory of sexuality. His works are foundational texts in queer theory and related fields.

  • *Before Pastoral: Theocritus and the Ancient Tradition of Bucolic Poetry* (1983)
  • *Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World* (Edited with John J. Winkler and Froma I. Zeitlin, 1990)
  • *One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: and Other Essays on Greek Love* (1990)
  • *The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader* (Edited with Henry Abelove and Michele Aina Barale, 1993)
  • *Saint Foucault: Towards a Gay Hagiography* (1995)
  • *How to Do the History of Homosexuality* (2002)
  • *What Do Gay Men Want? An Essay on Sex, Risk, and Subjectivity* (2007)
  • *Gay Shame* (Edited with Valerie Traub, 2009)
  • *How to Be Gay* (2012)
  • *The War on Sex* (Edited with Trevor Hoppe, 2017)

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References

References

A full list of references for this article are available at the David M. Halperin Wikipedia page

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