How is the distribution of wealth defined, and what does it reveal about a society?

The distribution of wealth is defined as a comparison of the wealth held by various members or groups within a society. It serves as a key indicator of economic inequality or economic heterogeneity, illustrating how assets are spread across a population.

What is the fundamental difference between the distribution of wealth and the distribution of income?

The distribution of wealth focuses on the ownership of assets (what people own minus what they owe), while the distribution of income concentrates on the current earnings or flow of money individuals receive over a period. Wealth distribution typically shows greater inequality than income distribution.

What is the standard formula for calculating an individual's wealth?

An individual's wealth is calculated as their net worth, which is determined by subtracting their total liabilities (what they owe) from their total assets (what they own). This calculation represents their financial standing at a specific point in time.

What broader definition of wealth does the United Nations use, and what does it encompass?

The United Nations uses a broader definition called 'inclusive wealth,' which is a monetary measure that includes not only physical assets but also natural capital (like resources and ecosystems) and human capital (like education and skills). This provides a more holistic view of a nation's wealth.

How does saving relate to changes in an individual's wealth?

Saving is the direct driver of changes in wealth. Specifically, saving is defined as income minus consumption (expenses), meaning that any income not spent on consumption contributes to an increase in wealth.

What is a common method used to analyze wealth distribution, such as comparing the 99th percentile to the 50th?

One common analytical method involves comparing the wealth of individuals at a high percentile, like the 99th, to the wealth of the median (50th) percentile. This comparison, sometimes expressed as a ratio (P99/P50), helps quantify the extent of wealth concentration at the top relative to the middle of the distribution.

What does the Pareto Distribution suggest about the concentration of wealth?

The Pareto Distribution is often applied to wealth data, suggesting that wealth is highly concentrated among the richest segments of society. It posits that, for example, the top 20% of wealth holders own 80% of the total wealth, a principle known as the 80/20 rule, though actual distributions can vary.

How are Wealth over People (WOP) curves used to visualize wealth distribution?

Wealth over People (WOP) curves are a graphical tool that sorts all households in a nation from richest to poorest along the horizontal axis. The vertical axis represents their wealth relative to the average wealth of the richest percentile, providing a visual representation of wealth concentration.

What are the theoretical extremes of wealth distribution represented by WOP curves?

The theoretical extremes are a 'perfect communist' society, where wealth is distributed equally until the very top percentile, and a 'perfect tyranny' society, where the top percentile holds all the nation's wealth, leaving everyone else with nothing.

What was the primary source of data for wealth distribution studies before the 1960s?

Before the 1960s, the primary sources for data on wealth distribution were wealth tax and estate tax records. These were supplemented by smaller, often unrepresentative surveys and various other data collections.

What shift has occurred in the focus of wealth distribution research in recent decades?

Recent research has shifted from analyzing broad distributional characteristics to examining the specific factors that cause individual differences in wealth holdings. This change is partly due to increased data availability and a greater focus on factors like lifecycle savings.

What does the term 'wealth inequality' refer to?

Wealth inequality refers to the uneven distribution of assets and net worth among individuals and entities within a society. It is a measure of how concentrated or dispersed wealth is across the population.

What did a 2000 report by the World Institute for Development Economics Research reveal about global wealth distribution?

The report found that in the year 2000, the richest 1% of adults owned 40% of global assets, and the richest 10% owned 85% of the world's total assets. Conversely, the bottom half of the world's adult population owned only 1% of global wealth.

According to a 2021 Oxfam report, how did the wealth of the 10 richest men compare to the wealth of the bottom 3.1 billion people?

The 2021 Oxfam report stated that the 10 richest men collectively owned more wealth than the bottom 3.1 billion people combined. It also noted that their combined wealth had doubled during the COVID-19 pandemic.

How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect wealth inequality, according to Credit Suisse's 'Global Wealth Report 2021'?

The pandemic negatively impacted lower wealth groups, forcing them to use savings or incur debt, while top wealth groups were less affected and even benefited from factors like lower interest rates boosting asset prices, thus widening wealth inequality.

Which countries were identified as having the largest number of millionaires in 2020?

In 2020, the United States had the highest number of dollar millionaires, followed by China and then Japan. These countries held the largest concentrations of individuals with a net worth exceeding one million US dollars.

What does the Gini coefficient measure, and what do its extreme values signify?

The Gini coefficient is a statistical measure used to gauge the inequality of a distribution, commonly applied to income or wealth. A coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality (everyone has the same), while a coefficient of 1 (or 100%) represents maximum inequality (one person has everything).

According to the Credit Suisse 'Global Wealth Report 2021', which country had the highest Gini coefficient for wealth distribution in 2021?

Brunei had the highest Gini coefficient in 2021, recorded at 91.6%, indicating a highly unequal distribution of wealth within the country.

Which country had the lowest Gini coefficient for wealth distribution in 2021, according to the same report?

Slovakia recorded the lowest Gini coefficient in 2021 at 50.3%, signifying the most equal distribution of wealth among the countries analyzed in that report.

What trend in wealth inequality was observed between Credit Suisse's 2019 and 2021 reports regarding the Gini coefficient?

Comparing the 2019 and 2021 reports showed an increasing trend in wealth inequality globally, as reflected in the Gini coefficients for many countries. Brazil, for instance, saw its Gini coefficient rise from 88.2% to 89% between these years.

How is wealth distributed geographically, according to the text?

Wealth is unevenly distributed globally, with concentrations historically found in G8 and Western industrialized nations, as well as certain Asian and OPEC countries. This pattern largely continued into the 21st century.

What did the table comparing wealth distribution by region reveal about North America and Asia in terms of net worth?

The table shows that North America held 34.4% of global net worth (using exchange rates) with only 5.2% of the world's population. Asia, despite having 52.2% of the population, held 25.6% of global net worth (using exchange rates), indicating a significant disparity in wealth concentration relative to population size.

What did PolitiFact and other sources report in 2011 about the wealth of the top 400 Americans?

In 2011, it was reported that the 400 wealthiest Americans collectively held more wealth than the bottom half of the entire American population combined, highlighting extreme wealth concentration.

What role does inherited wealth play in the accumulation of wealth in the United States?

Inherited wealth is cited as a significant factor that can provide a 'substantial head start' for individuals aiming to become wealthy, suggesting that family background and inherited assets play a crucial role in wealth accumulation beyond individual merit.

What did a 2012 report by the Institute for Policy Studies find about the background of the Forbes 400 richest Americans?

The report indicated that in 2012, over 60 percent of the individuals listed among the Forbes 400 richest Americans had grown up with significant privilege, suggesting that inherited advantage is a common characteristic.

How did the Great Recession impact the share of wealth held by the top 1% in the US?

Following the Great Recession (starting in 2007), the share of total wealth owned by the top 1% of the US population increased from 34.6% to 37.1%. This occurred while median household wealth dropped significantly more than the wealth of the top 1%, widening the wealth gap.

What did Dan Ariely and Michael Norton's study reveal about Americans' perception of wealth inequality?

Their study found that Americans across the political spectrum tend to significantly underestimate the current level of wealth inequality in the US and also prefer a more equal distribution of wealth than what currently exists.

How does the average net worth in the US compare to the median net worth, and what trend was observed between 2019 and 2022?

The average net worth in the US is substantially higher than the median net worth, largely due to the extreme wealth of a few individuals skewing the average. Between 2019 and 2022, the average net worth grew at a faster rate than the median net worth.

What is the relationship between educational attainment and household wealth in the US, based on 2021 data?

Data from 2021 indicates a positive correlation between higher educational attainment and increased median household wealth in the United States, suggesting that education is a significant factor in wealth accumulation.

How does marital status affect median wealth in the US?

Married couples in the US tend to have significantly higher median wealth compared to single individuals. Specifically, their median wealth is almost three times greater, irrespective of gender or age group.

What is wealth concentration, and what is its first prerequisite?

Wealth concentration is the process by which wealth becomes increasingly held by a smaller number of individuals or entities over time. The primary prerequisite for this phenomenon is an initial unequal distribution of wealth within the population.

What economic mechanisms are proposed to explain the correlation between being rich and earning more?

The mechanisms include: 1) Wealth providing access to high-paid employment (oligarchy), 2) High incomes correlating with existing wealth due to low marginal propensity to consume (meritocracy), and 3) The wealthy influencing government policies to their advantage (plutocracy).

How can plutocracy contribute to wealth concentration?

Plutocracy contributes to wealth concentration when wealthy individuals or groups exert disproportionate influence over government and legislative processes. This influence can lead to policies that further benefit the wealthy, increasing wealth disparities.

What are considered counterbalances to the process of wealth concentration?

Counterbalances include various forms of taxation, such as wealth taxes, inheritance taxes, and progressive income taxation. These measures aim to redistribute wealth and prevent its excessive concentration in the hands of a few.

What did Warren Buffett say about his 'class' and class warfare?

Warren Buffett famously stated in interviews that his 'class,' the rich class, is engaged in class warfare and is winning, expressing concern about this dynamic.

What historical example illustrates attempts to limit wealth concentration through public policy?

The Roman Republic, as early as the third century B.C., enacted laws to limit the amount of wealth or land any single family could possess, demonstrating an early policy intervention against extreme wealth concentration.

What are some motivations behind implementing limits on individual wealth or land ownership?

Motivations for limiting wealth include fostering equality of opportunity, preventing political corruption potentially caused by vast wealth, gaining political favor from specific voter groups, and averting social unrest or rebellion that might arise from extreme wealth disparities.

What did Francis Bacon advise regarding the distribution of wealth in a state?

Francis Bacon advised that good policy should ensure that a state's wealth is not concentrated in the hands of a few. He metaphorically stated that money is like fertilizer, beneficial only when spread widely.

How did the rise of Communism relate to discussions on wealth distribution?

The rise of Communism was partly fueled by the perceived extreme inequality under capitalism, where a few enjoyed luxury while many lived in poverty. However, Marx and Engels criticized focusing solely on distribution rather than the ownership of productive property.

What factors have contributed to reducing extreme poverty in the developed world?

The combination of organized labor movements, technological advancements, and the principles of social liberalism have helped diminish extreme poverty in developed nations, although significant wealth gaps persist globally.

What was the World Economic Forum's assessment of widening income disparities as a global risk in 2014?

In its 2014 Outlook on the Global Agenda, the World Economic Forum identified widening income disparities as the second most significant global risk.

What does the image caption 'The average personal wealth of people in the top 1% is more than a thousand times that of people in bottom 50%' highlight?

This caption emphasizes the extreme disparity in personal wealth within the United States, illustrating a vast difference between the wealthiest segment of the population and the bottom 50%.

What insight is provided by the image caption stating 'Higher educational attainment in the US correlates with higher household wealth'?

This caption suggests a positive relationship in the US between the level of education achieved and the amount of household wealth accumulated, indicating education's role in economic success.

What does the table of country-specific wealth statistics provide?

The table offers detailed data for numerous countries, including the number of adults, mean and median wealth per adult in USD, the percentage distribution of adults across different wealth ranges (e.g., under $10k, $10k-$100k), and the Gini coefficient.

According to the table, what was the Gini coefficient for the United States in 2021?

The table indicates that the Gini coefficient for the United States in 2021 was 85.0%, reflecting a high level of wealth inequality.

What does the Credit Suisse 'Global Wealth Report 2013' infographic show about the top 1% of adults globally?

The 2013 infographic revealed that the top 1% of adults worldwide held approximately half of the world's total net wealth, demonstrating a significant concentration of assets at the highest end of the wealth spectrum.

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Understanding Wealth Distribution

Defining Wealth

The distribution of wealth quantifies the disparity in the ownership of assets among individuals and groups within a society. This metric serves as a key indicator of economic inequality and heterogeneity. It is distinct from income distribution, focusing on the ownership of assets rather than current earnings.^[1] Wealth is formally defined as assets minus liabilities, representing an individual's net worth.^[2] A broader definition, encompassing natural, human, and physical assets, is termed "inclusive wealth," though this is less commonly used in standard inequality measurements.^[3]

Global Inequality

Comparatively, global wealth distribution is significantly more unequal than income distribution. Studies indicate that the wealthiest 1% of adults hold a disproportionately large share of global assets, often exceeding 40%, while the bottom half of the population owns a mere fraction, typically around 1%.^[14] This stark contrast highlights the profound economic stratification present worldwide.

Key Metrics

Analysis often involves comparing wealth levels across different percentiles, such as the ratio of the wealth of the 99th percentile to the 50th percentile (P99/P50). Another common measure is the proportion of total wealth held by the top 1% of the population. The Gini coefficient is frequently employed to quantify this inequality, with higher values indicating greater disparity.

Conceptual Frameworks

Analytical Tools

Several conceptual frameworks aid in understanding wealth distribution. The Pareto Distribution is often applied to model the upper tail of wealth, suggesting that a small percentage of the population holds a large percentage of the wealth (e.g., the top 20% owning 80%).^[5]

Wealth over People (WOP) curves offer a visual representation by plotting household wealth relative to the average wealth of the richest percentile. These curves help illustrate societal wealth structures, ranging from hypothetical "perfect communist" distributions to extreme "perfect tyranny" scenarios where a single entity holds all wealth.

Gini Coefficient

The Gini coefficient is a statistical measure used to gauge the inequality of a distribution, commonly applied to income and wealth. It ranges from 0 (perfect equality, where everyone has the same wealth) to 1 (perfect inequality, where one person holds all the wealth).^[23] A higher Gini coefficient signifies greater wealth disparity within a population.

Visualizing Disparity

While direct visualization is limited here, the concept can be understood through comparing data points. For instance, the stark difference between the average wealth of the top 1% and the median wealth of the bottom 50% underscores the extent of economic stratification.^[28]

Theoretical Approaches

Historical Perspectives

Early research on wealth distribution, primarily relying on tax records before the 1960s, consistently indicated high levels of inequality. These studies also suggested a significant role for inherited wealth in perpetuating wealth disparities across generations. There was an initial belief that wealth inequality was diminishing over time and exhibited statistical regularities.^[5] Economists like John Maynard Keynes explored the influence of monetary policy on wealth distribution.^[6]

Modern Economic Models

More recent research has shifted focus from overall distributional characteristics to the underlying factors driving individual differences in wealth holdings. This evolution is partly due to the increased importance of retirement savings and the development of sophisticated models like the lifecycle savings model by Modigliani and Brumberg.^[7] The availability of detailed micro-data has further enabled researchers to analyze personal characteristics alongside asset holdings and savings, providing deeper insights into wealth disparities.^[5]

Wealth Inequality Dynamics

Global Disparities

Wealth inequality refers to the uneven distribution of assets. While historical analysis often relies on archaeological evidence of house sizes, modern studies focus on financial data. Globally, wealth is highly concentrated. The richest 1% of adults often control a significant majority of global assets, while the bottom half possesses minimal wealth.^[14]^[12]

Societal Measures

Archaeological and anthropological studies suggest that wealth disparities have existed for millennia, with evidence indicating greater inequality in ancient Eurasia compared to North America or Mesoamerica.^[9]^[10] The distribution of house sizes has been used as a proxy for wealth inequality in historical contexts.

Gini Coefficient Trends

The Gini coefficient serves as a critical metric for wealth inequality. For instance, Brunei recorded one of the highest Gini coefficients (91.6%) in 2021, indicating extreme wealth disparity. Conversely, Slovakia showed the lowest (50.3%), suggesting greater equality. Reports indicate an increasing trend in global wealth inequality, potentially exacerbated by recent economic disruptions.^[24]

Global Wealth Statistics

Wealth Concentration

In 2000, the richest 1% of adults owned approximately 40% of global assets, with the top 10% accounting for 85% of the total. The bottom 50% collectively owned only 1% of global wealth.^[14] By 2021, reports indicated that the 10 wealthiest men held more wealth than the bottom 3.1 billion people combined, with their fortunes doubling during the pandemic.^[17]

Regional Distribution

Wealth distribution varies significantly by region. North America and Europe hold substantial proportions of global net worth and GDP, reflecting their developed economies. Conversely, regions like Africa possess a much smaller share of global wealth relative to their population size.^[25]

The following table illustrates the proportion of global wealth, population, and GDP by region, based on data from Credit Suisse:

Region	Proportion of world (%)^[25]^[26]
	Population	Net worth		GDP
	Population	PPP	Exchange rates	PPP	Exchange rates
North America	5.2%	27.1%	34.4%	23.9%	33.7%
Central/South America	8.5%	6.5%	4.3%	8.5%	6.4%
Europe	9.6%	26.4%	29.2%	22.8%	32.4%
Africa	10.7%	1.5%	0.5%	2.4%	1.0%
Middle East	9.9%	5.1%	3.1%	5.7%	4.1%
Asia	52.2%	29.4%	25.6%	31.1%	24.1%
Other	3.2%	3.7%	2.6%	5.4%	3.4%
Totals (rounded)	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

Millionaires and Wealthy Individuals

In 2020, the United States led the world with approximately 22 million dollar millionaires, representing about 39% of the global total. China followed with 9.4%, and Japan ranked third.^[20] Global wealth is projected to continue rising, with significant increases expected in the number of millionaires, particularly in emerging economies like China.^[20]

Wealth Distribution in the USA

US-Centric View

Note: The examples and perspective in this section primarily focus on the United States and may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. This section aims to provide context based on available data.

Wealth Concentration in the US

In the United States, wealth concentration is pronounced. In 2011, the wealthiest 400 Americans collectively held more wealth than the bottom 50% of the population combined.^[33]^[34] Studies suggest that inherited wealth plays a role, with a significant portion of the wealthiest individuals having benefited from substantial advantages.^[37]

The share of total wealth held by the top 1% has fluctuated historically but remained substantial, often around one-third of the total wealth, excluding periods of market depression or overvaluation.^[25] The Great Recession further widened the gap, as median household wealth declined more sharply than that of the top 1%.^[41]

Key US Wealth Indicators

Analysis of US household wealth reveals significant disparities based on various factors:

Percentiles: The average wealth of the top 1% is vastly greater than that of the bottom 50%.^[28]
Average vs. Median: Average net worth significantly exceeds median net worth, largely due to the extreme wealth of the highest earners.^[29]
Education: Higher educational attainment correlates strongly with increased household wealth.^[31]
Marital Status: Married couples tend to possess significantly higher median wealth compared to single individuals.^[32]

Wealth Concentration Dynamics

The Mechanism of Concentration

Wealth concentration is a process where accumulated wealth enables further investment and accumulation, leading to a self-reinforcing cycle. Those who possess wealth can leverage it to invest in new opportunities, thereby increasing their holdings and benefiting disproportionately from economic growth. This dynamic can exacerbate existing inequalities.

Economic Conditions and Wealth

Economic conditions significantly influence wealth concentration. For example, periods of low interest rates can boost asset prices (stocks, real estate), benefiting those who own these assets. Conversely, economic downturns or recessions can disproportionately affect lower-wealth individuals who may have fewer financial buffers or savings to withstand shocks.

Detailed Wealth Statistics

Country-Level Data

The following table presents detailed statistics on wealth distribution for various countries, including adult population, average and median wealth per adult, wealth distribution across ranges, and the Gini coefficient. Data is sourced from the Credit Suisse Global Wealth Databook (2021).

Country	Adults (In 1,000)	Wealth per adult (USD)		Distribution of adults (%) by wealth range (USD)				Gini (%)
Country	Adults (In 1,000)	Mean	Median	Under 10k	10k – 100k	100k – 1M	Over 1M	Gini (%)
Afghanistan	18,356	1,744	734	97.6	2.4	0.1	0.0	72.8
Albania	2,187	30,524	15,363	41.0	54.2	4.7	0.1	68.2
Algeria	27,620	8,871	2,302	87.0	11.7	1.2	0.1	84.8
Angola	14,339	3,529	1,131	93.5	6.2	0.2	0.0	80.6
Argentina	30,799	7,224	2,157	88.2	11.2	0.6	0.0	81.2
Armenia	2,176	22,573	9,411	52.3	44.0	3.5	0.1	73.0
Australia	19,159	483,755	238,072	9.8	20.7	60.0	9.4	65.6
Austria	7,271	290,348	91,833	14.2	36.9	44.1	4.8	73.5
Azerbaijan	7,155	11,926	5,022	73.5	25.2	1.3	0.0	72.7
Bahamas	278	56,737	7,507	54.0	39.7	5.7	0.6	91.4
Bahrain	1,318	87,559	14,520	45.0	48.0	6.1	0.9	88.9
Bangladesh	106,060	7,837	3,062	84.6	14.6	0.7	0.0	75.2
Barbados	221	63,261	21,071	41.0	46.0	12.4	0.6	80.4
Belarus	7,367	23,278	12,168	45.9	51.3	2.8	0.1	66.7
Belgium	8,993	351,327	230,548	11.9	20.1	62.3	5.7	60.3
Belize	245	10,364	3,015	82.0	16.6	1.4	0.0	83.4
Benin	5,839	2,558	890	95.6	4.3	0.1	0.0	78.2
Bolivia	7,088	12,286	3,804	78.1	20.5	1.3	0.1	81.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,637	30,597	15,283	41.0	54.1	4.8	0.1	68.6
Botswana	1,358	15,598	3,680	80.0	16.8	3.1	0.1	87.3
Brazil	153,307	18,272	3,469	79.5	17.5	2.8	0.1	89.0
British Caribbean	567	45,109	14,684	44.0	47.7	7.9	0.4	80.8
Brunei	309	39,098	5,122	64.0	32.1	3.5	0.4	91.6
Bulgaria	5,586	36,443	17,403	38.7	54.9	6.2	0.2	70.1
Burkina Faso	9,480	1,681	622	98.0	1.9	0.1	0.0	76.8
Burundi	5,381	728	281	99.5	0.5	0.0	0.0	75.1
Cambodia	10,180	5,895	2,031	90.7	8.7	0.6	0.0	78.7
Cameroon	12,716	3,042	941	94.3	5.5	0.2	0.0	81.6
Canada	29,934	332,323	125,688	20.7	25.1	48.6	5.6	71.9
Central African Republic	2,161	840	212	98.8	1.2	0.0	0.0	85.9
Chad	7,059	1,117	355	98.7	1.3	0.1	0.0	80.6
Chile	14,259	53,591	17,747	39.1	51.6	8.8	0.5	79.7
China	1,104,956	67,771	24,067	20.9	66.1	12.5	0.5	70.4
Colombia	35,612	16,928	4,854	72.0	25.4	2.5	0.1	82.7
Comoros	447	5,397	1,466	91.5	7.9	0.6	0.0	84.8
Congo, Dem. Rep.	39,740	1,240	356	98.3	1.6	0.1	0.0	83.2
Congo, Rep.	2,707	2,180	582	95.6	4.2	0.1	0.0	84.7
Costa Rica	3,696	44,337	14,662	44.0	47.4	8.4	0.3	79.9
Croatia	3,303	69,140	34,945	27.0	57.0	15.5	0.5	68.5
Cyprus	679	142,304	35,300	23.0	57.0	18.3	1.7	80.7
Czechia	8,528	78,103	23,794	29.6	55.7	14.0	0.7	77.7
Denmark	4,557	376,069	165,622	15.4	25.4	52.5	6.7	73.6
Djibouti	618	3,112	1,077	94.0	6.0	0.0	0.0	78.8
Dutch Caribbean	258	40,909	16,810	40.0	52.7	7.1	0.2	69.1
Ecuador	11,361	17,151	5,444	69.9	27.9	2.1	0.1	80.8
Egypt	59,547	19,468	6,329	66.5	30.7	2.6	0.1	79.2
El Salvador	4,201	34,003	11,372	47.6	46.0	6.2	0.2	79.1
Equatorial Guinea	776	18,246	4,561	77.0	18.8	4.1	0.1	86.3
Eritrea	1,728	2,846	1,086	95.2	4.7	0.1	0.0	75.7
Estonia	1,044	77,817	38,901	30.5	53.5	15.3	0.7	73.8
Ethiopia	57,104	3,540	1,527	94.4	5.4	0.2	0.0	71.1
Fiji	564	15,708	5,764	69.0	28.3	2.6	0.1	77.4
Finland	4,373	167,711	73,775	27.8	35.2	35.1	1.9	74.0
France	49,967	299,355	133,559	14.8	27.0	53.3	4.9	70.0
French Caribbean	631	68,443	23,740	36.0	44.0	19.5	0.5	73.8
Gabon	1,216	13,696	4,685	74.0	24.5	1.4	0.1	79.3
Gambia	1,115	2,500	658	94.9	4.9	0.2	0.0	84.9
Georgia	2,959	14,162	4,223	77.7	20.7	1.5	0.1	81.3
Germany	68,015	268,681	65,374	10.6	45.2	39.8	4.3	77.9
Ghana	16,617	6,132	2,198	88.5	11.1	0.4	0.0	77.5
Greece	8,462	104,603	57,595	22.1	49.3	27.7	0.9	65.7
Guinea	6,078	2,942	938	94.5	5.4	0.2	0.0	80.8
Guinea-Bissau	949	1,828	670	97.0	3.0	0.0	0.0	77.6
Guyana	497	12,280	4,637	74.0	24.6	1.4	0.0	76.5
Haiti	6,621	767	193	99.2	0.7	0.0	0.0	85.2
Hong Kong	6,292	503,335	173,768	13.7	23.7	54.3	8.3	74.6
Hungary	7,769	53,664	24,126	21.4	67.6	10.7	0.3	66.5
Iceland	255	337,787	231,462	6.0	18.0	70.7	5.3	50.9
India	900,443	14,252	3,194	77.2	21.1	1.7	0.1	82.3
Indonesia	180,782	17,693	4,693	67.2	30.8	1.9	0.1	77.7
Iran	57,987	22,249	7,621	59.1	37.1	3.7	0.1	78.6
Iraq	21,247	14,506	6,378	68.3	30.1	1.6	0.1	71.0
Ireland	3,619	266,153	99,028	30.8	19.7	44.5	5.0	80.0
Israel	5,626	228,268	80,315	15.8	41.2	40.1	2.9	73.4
Italy	49,746	239,244	118,885	15.5	30.1	51.4	3.0	66.5
Jamaica	2,041	19,893	5,976	66.7	30.3	2.9	0.1	82.0
Japan	104,953	256,596	122,980	11.0	32.6	52.9	3.5	64.4
Jordan	5,866	28,316	10,842	48.3	47.1	4.5	0.2	75.9
Kazakhstan	12,226	33,463	12,029	46.3	49.3	4.2	0.2	76.4
Kenya	27,473	12,313	3,683	79.6	18.8	1.5	0.1	82.2
Korea, South	42,490	211,369	89,671	14.8	38.3	44.4	2.5	67.6
Kuwait	3,146	129,890	28,698	42.8	44.0	10.7	2.5	86.5
Kyrgyzstan	3,927	5,816	2,238	89.7	9.8	0.5	0.0	75.7
Laos	4,288	7,379	1,610	91.6	7.0	1.3	0.0	87.9
Latvia	1,477	70,454	33,884	36.0	50.5	12.7	0.8	80.9
Lebanon	4,548	55,007	18,159	40.6	50.5	8.4	0.5	79.7
Lesotho	1,243	1,226	264	97.8	2.2	0.1	0.0	88.6
Liberia	2,502	4,453	1,464	91.9	7.8	0.3	0.0	80.1
Libya	4,440	17,198	6,512	67.0	31.0	1.9	0.1	76.0
Lithuania	2,166	63,500	29,679	29.3	58.0	12.2	0.5	71.0
Luxembourg	498	477,306	259,899	13.0	19.0	59.2	8.8	67.0
Madagascar	13,812	1,962	666	96.9	3.0	0.1	0.0	79.3
Malawi	8,887	2,045	606	96.2	3.7	0.1	0.0	82.4
Malaysia	22,315	29,287	8,583	55.0	41.1	3.7	0.2	82.9
Maldives	409	25,511	8,519	56.0	39.3	4.5	0.2	79.8
Mali	8,625	2,424	869	96.0	3.9	0.1	0.0	77.6
Malta	358	148,934	84,390	13.0	45.0	40.6	1.4	61.7
Mauritania	2,370	2,788	1,037	95.2	4.7	0.1	0.0	76.3
Mauritius	968	63,372	27,456	31.0	56.0	12.5	0.5	72.1
Melanesia	711	31,106	12,183	46.0	48.6	5.2	0.2	75.8
Mexico	85,136	42,689	13,752	44.7	46.9	8.1	0.3	80.5
Micronesia	341	13,193	4,876	74.0	23.9	2.1	0.0	77.9
Moldova	3,188	15,491	7,577	61.8	36.5	1.7	0.0	69.4
Mongolia	2,053	6,324	2,546	88.0	11.5	0.5	0.0	74.4
Montenegro	476	60,310	30,739	29.0	57.0	13.6	0.4	68.4
Morocco	24,654	13,459	3,874	78.4	19.7	1.9	0.1	81.9
Mozambique	14,186	1,003	345	98.9	1.0	0.1	0.0	79.1
Myanmar	35,734	5,025	2,458	91.7	8.0	0.3	0.0	67.0
Namibia	1,375	15,294	3,677	80.5	16.4	3.0	0.1	86.6
Nepal	17,887	4,056	1,437	93.3	6.3	0.3	0.0	78.1
Netherlands	13,462	377,092	136,105	13.6	29.4	49.3	7.7	75.3
New Zealand	3,600	348,198	171,624	21.2	20.0	52.5	6.3	69.9
Nicaragua	4,107	12,239	3,694	78.2	20.5	1.3	0.1	81.0
Niger	9,739	1,287	492	98.7	1.3	0.1	0.0	75.6
Nigeria	95,931	6,451	1,474	91.7	7.6	0.7	0.0	85.8
Norway	4,184	275,880	117,798	28.0	19.0	48.8	4.2	78.5
Oman	3,765	39,434	9,886	50.5	43.1	6.0	0.4	86.7
Pakistan	123,522	5,258	2,187	90.5	9.2	0.4	0.0	73.2
Panama	2,843	43,979	13,147	45.3	46.6	7.8	0.3	82.5
Papua New Guinea	4,941	6,710	1,790	91.3	7.7	1.0	0.0	84.3
Paraguay	4,454	11,962	3,644	78.8	19.9	1.2	0.1	81.6
Peru	22,530	17,017	5,445	70.4	27.4	2.1	0.1	80.1
Philippines	66,960	15,290	3,155	83.1	14.8	2.0	0.1	86.9
Poland	30,315	67,477	23,550	19.8	64.8	14.9	0.5	70.7
Polynesia	423	37,998	14,076	44.0	49.3	6.4	0.3	77.9
Portugal	8,339	142,537	61,306	23.2	45.1	30.0	1.6	70.5
Qatar	2,396	146,730	83,680	12.0	45.3	41.7	1.0	58.1
Romania	15,208	50,009	23,675	32.1	58.5	9.1	0.3	70.1
Russia	111,845	27,162	5,431	72.8	23.8	3.1	0.2	87.8
Rwanda	6,581	4,188	1,266	92.8	6.9	0.3	0.0	81.9
Sao Tome and Principe	104	4,029	1,702	92.4	7.3	0.2	0.0	73.1
Saudi Arabia	24,186	68,697	15,495	46.4	44.4	8.2	1.0	86.7
Senegal	7,975	4,702	1,570	91.4	8.3	0.3	0.0	79.7
Serbia	5,480	31,705	14,954	41.7	52.9	5.3	0.1	70.6
Seychelles	69	63,427	24,651	36.0	51.0	12.5	0.5	75.9
Sierra Leone	3,937	995	370	99.0	0.9	0.0	0.0	76.7
Singapore	4,887	332,995	86,717	16.2	38.6	39.7	5.5	78.3
Slovakia	4,346	68,059	45,853	11.6	69.8	18.4	0.2	50.3
Slovenia	1,672	120,173	67,961	18.0	53.0	28.2	0.8	67.1
South Africa	37,590	20,308	4,523	75.8	20.2	3.9	0.2	88.0
Spain	37,798	227,122	105,831	16.7	31.6	48.6	3.0	69.2
Sri Lanka	14,732	23,832	8,802	54.3	42.0	3.7	0.1	76.8
Sudan	21,941	1,014	383	99.0	0.9	0.1	0.0	75.9
Suriname	382	5,644	1,349	91.2	8.1	0.7	0.0	87.1
Sweden	7,794	336,166	89,846	34.0	18.4	40.3	7.3	87.2
Switzerland	6,958	673,962	146,733	11.9	33.7	43.2	11.2	78.1
Syria	10,811	2,197	807	96.3	3.6	0.1	0.0	77.2
Taiwan	19,633	238,862	93,044	13.9	38.6	44.4	3.1	70.8
Tajikistan	5,227	4,390	1,844	92.4	7.3	0.3	0.0	73.1
Tanzania	27,744	3,647	1,433	93.7	6.1	0.2	0.0	74.5
Thailand	54,054	25,292	8,036	55.5	41.9	2.5	0.2	77.1
Timor-Leste	689	5,185	2,838	91.4	8.3	0.3	0.0	62.6
Togo	4,084	1,484	468	98.0	2.0	0.1	0.0	81.2
Trinidad and Tobago	1,032	44,182	15,649	42.5	49.0	8.2	0.3	78.0
Tunisia	8,207	17,550	6,177	67.4	30.2	2.3	0.1	77.8
Turkey	57,768	27,466	8,001	57.6	38.8	3.4	0.2	81.8
Turkmenistan	3,722	20,328	9,030	54.0	43.2	2.7	0.1	70.6
Uganda	19,830	1,994	646	96.6	3.3	0.1	0.0	80.4
Ukraine	34,639	13,104	2,529	79.1	19.5	1.3	0.1	84.4
United Arab Emirates	8,053	115,476	21,613	45.1	46.0	6.8	2.1	88.8
United Kingdom	52,568	290,754	131,522	18.0	27.8	49.5	4.7	71.7
United States	249,969	505,421	79,274	26.3	28.5	36.4	8.8	85.0
Uruguay	2,530	60,914	22,088	37.0	51.3	11.2	0.4	77.2
Venezuela	18,359	21,040	7,341	60.5	36.8	2.5	0.1	78.1
Vietnam	68,565	14,075	4,559	76.3	21.9	1.8	0.1	80.2
Yemen	15,281	5,581	1,223	93.0	6.2	0.8	0.0	88.0
Zambia	8,331	3,068	692	94.3	5.5	0.2	0.0	87.7
Zimbabwe	7,086	7,131	2,356	86.9	12.5	0.6	0.0	79.8

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References

The World Distribution of Household Wealth. James B. Davies, Susanna Sandstrom, Anthony Shorrocks, and Edward N. Wolff. December 5, 2006.

The rich really do own the world December 5, 2006

Source Credit Suisse, Research Institute â Global Wealth Databook 2021

Joseph E. Fargione et al.: Entrepreneurs, Chance, and the Deterministic Concentration of Wealth.

Simulation of wealth concentration according to Fargione, Lehman and Polasky

"â¦ A perceived sense of inequity is a common ingredient of rebellion in societies â¦", Amartya Sen, 1973

A full list of references for this article are available at the Distribution of wealth Wikipedia page

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This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not financial or economic advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional financial consultation, economic analysis, or investment advice. Always seek the advice of a qualified professional with any questions you may have regarding your financial situation or economic matters. Never disregard professional advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

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The Global Wealth Tapestry

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Understanding Wealth Distribution ℹ️

⚖️ Defining Wealth

📈 Global Inequality

📊 Key Metrics

Conceptual Frameworks 🧠

📐 Analytical Tools

⚖️ Gini Coefficient

💡 Visualizing Disparity

Theoretical Approaches 📚

📜 Historical Perspectives

🔬 Modern Economic Models

Wealth Inequality Dynamics ⚖️

🌍 Global Disparities

🏛️ Societal Measures

📊 Gini Coefficient Trends

Global Wealth Statistics 🌐

💰 Wealth Concentration

📈 Regional Distribution

🏦 Millionaires and Wealthy Individuals

Wealth Distribution in the USA 🇺🇸

⚠️ US-Centric View

⚖️ Wealth Concentration in the US

📊 Key US Wealth Indicators

Wealth Concentration Dynamics 🔗

⚙️ The Mechanism of Concentration

📈 Economic Conditions and Wealth

Detailed Wealth Statistics 📊

📋 Country-Level Data

Sources 📚

📄 Reference List

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Understanding Wealth Distribution

Defining Wealth

Global Inequality

Key Metrics

Conceptual Frameworks

Analytical Tools

Gini Coefficient

Visualizing Disparity

Theoretical Approaches

Historical Perspectives

Modern Economic Models

Wealth Inequality Dynamics

Global Disparities

Societal Measures

Gini Coefficient Trends

Global Wealth Statistics

Wealth Concentration

Regional Distribution

Millionaires and Wealthy Individuals

Wealth Distribution in the USA

US-Centric View

Wealth Concentration in the US

Key US Wealth Indicators

Wealth Concentration Dynamics

The Mechanism of Concentration

Economic Conditions and Wealth

Detailed Wealth Statistics

Country-Level Data

Sources

Reference List

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice