When did the First Viking Age in Ireland commence, and what were its initial characteristics?

The First Viking Age in Ireland began in 795. Initially, Viking activities consisted of hit-and-run raids on coastal settlements, typically involving small parties that plundered goods and captured people before returning to their bases.

How did Viking raiding tactics evolve in Ireland during the early decades of the First Viking Age?

Over the decades following 795, Viking raiding parties grew larger and better organized. They began targeting inland settlements in addition to coastal ones and established naval encampments known as 'longphorts' to stay through the winter.

What was the purpose and nature of a 'longphort' established by Vikings in Ireland?

A 'longphort' was a naval encampment or stronghold established by Vikings in Ireland. These served as strategic bases, allowing them to remain in the country over winter and conduct more sustained operations, acting as pirate bases.

What significant development occurred in Ireland in 851 concerning Viking factions?

In 851, a new group of Vikings known as the Dubgaill, or "Dark Foreigners," arrived in Ireland and attacked the earlier Viking settlers, the Findgaill, or "Fair Foreigners," at Áth Cliath (Dublin), slaughtering them and plundering their encampment.

What is the historical uncertainty surrounding the terms Dubgaill and Findgaill?

While the terms Dubgaill ("Dark Foreigners") and Findgaill ("Fair Foreigners") refer to distinct Viking groups in Ireland, there is no definitive historical consensus among scholars regarding their precise origins or the exact meaning of these distinctions, though they are often speculated to represent Danish versus Norwegian Vikings, respectively.

Who was Turgesius, and what is known about his role and eventual fate in Ireland?

Turgesius, also known as Thorgest, was a Viking warlord active in the mid-9th century. According to some accounts, he masterminded a conquest campaign in Ireland, establishing a stronghold in Dublin around 841 and terrorizing the country until 845, when he was captured by the High King Mael Sechnaill and drowned. However, his historical identity and the extent of his influence are debated, with some suggesting his role was exaggerated by later chroniclers.

What major event marked a turning point in the "War of the Irish with the Foreigners" in 845?

The capture and drowning of the Viking leader Turgesius in 845 by the High King Mael Sechnaill marked a significant turning point in the conflict between the Irish and the Vikings, often referred to as the "War of the Irish with the Foreigners."

What were the primary activities of Amlaíb and Ímar during their fifteen-year period based in Dublin?

From Dublin, Amlaíb (possibly Olaf the White) and his brother Ímar (possibly Ivar the Boneless) led a series of military campaigns against various Irish kingdoms. To facilitate these operations and avoid fighting on multiple fronts, they formed strategic alliances with several native Irish leaders.

What evidence exists regarding the origins of the Vikings who raided Ireland starting in 795?

The earliest Viking raids in Ireland, beginning in 795, are believed to have originated from southwest Norway. Later waves of settlement and more organized attacks, particularly from the 830s onwards, are thought to have originated from 'Laithlind', which is now identified with Viking settlements in the British Isles, especially Scotland and the Scottish Isles.

How did the Viking slave trade operate in relation to Ireland?

Captives taken during Viking raids in Ireland could be sold into slavery in Moorish Spain via the Dublin slave trade. Alternatively, they might be transported to Scandinavian hubs like Hedeby or Brännö, and then traded eastward along the Volga trade route to Russia, where they were sold to Muslim merchants in exchange for goods like Arab silver dirhams and silk.

What happened to the Viking settlement in Dublin in 902, marking the end of the First Viking Age?

In 902, a combined force led by Cerball mac Muirecáín, King of Leinster, and Mael Findia mac Flannacáin, King of Brega, launched a two-pronged attack on Dublin, successfully driving the Vikings out of the city. Many Norse fled, leaving behind ships and escaping with great difficulty.

What marked the beginning of the Second Viking Age in Ireland?

The Second Viking Age in Ireland began in 914 when Vikings, identified as the Uí Ímair (House of Ivar), returned to the island, signaling a renewed period of Norse activity and influence.

What is the significance of the archaeological findings at Wood Quay and surrounding areas in Dublin?

Extensive excavations at Wood Quay, Winetavern Street, and Fishamble Street have provided crucial insights into the daily lives of the Norse settlers in Dublin. These sites, preserved in waterlogged mud, have yielded remains of over two hundred houses, offering tangible evidence of the settlement's structure and the Vikings' building techniques.

What do the archaeological findings reveal about the origins of some Viking warriors buried in Dublin?

Archaeological analysis, including radiocarbon and oxygen isotope analysis of Viking burials found in Dublin, suggests that some of the warriors originated not only from Scandinavia but also from areas within the British Isles, possibly the west coast of Scotland.

What types of grave goods are typically found with Viking burials from this period in Dublin?

Viking burials from the early Scandinavian Dublin period have commonly been accompanied by typical Viking grave goods. These include weapons such as swords and spear-heads, defensive items like shields, personal items like daggers and penannular brooches, and decorative items, as well as hacksilver, which was used as currency.

What is the historical debate surrounding the location of the original Viking 'longphort' in Dublin?

While the Annals of Ulster mention Viking encampments at both Duiblinn and Áth Cliath in 841, suggesting potentially two sites, no definitive archaeological remains of a 'longphort' or 'wintersetl' have been unearthed. This has led to debate among archaeologists about its precise location, with possibilities including the area near Dublin Castle or further upstream, and whether the two names referred to one or two distinct encampments.

How were Viking houses typically constructed in Dublin?

Viking houses in Dublin were generally constructed using the post-and-wattle method. This involved driving vertical posts into the ground, interlacing them with horizontal osiers, and then applying a plaster of mud and dung to the walls, with roofs typically thatched with straw.

Describe the typical interior and features of a Viking house in Dublin.

Viking houses were usually single-roomed structures, measuring between 10 and 50 square meters. They often contained basic furniture like benches and store chests, with floors covered in rushes or straw. Heat and light were provided by a central hearth, and a shuttered hole in the roof served as a chimney.

What does the archaeological evidence suggest about the nature of the early Viking settlement in Dublin?

Archaeological findings, such as the presence of domestic habitations connected by paths and associated with animal pens, suggest that the early Viking settlement in Dublin was initially a rural community of farmers, distinct from the more urbanized and industrial community that developed later in the 10th century.

What was the significance of Clondalkin in the context of Norse power in Ireland?

Amlaíb built a fortress at Clondalkin, located west of Áth Cliath (Dublin). This fortress became an important seat of Norse power for over a century and was notably constructed on the site of an older monastic settlement, a practice also speculated for the original Duiblinn site.

What happened to the Viking leaders Amlaíb and Ímar around the late 9th century?

Around 873-875, both Amlaíb and Ímar, key figures in the Viking presence in Ireland, died. Ímar's death is recorded in 873, and Amlaíb's death occurred around 874-875 during a campaign in Scotland. Their deaths ushered in a period of instability for the Norse settlements.

How did the internal conflicts among Viking factions affect their settlements in Ireland after the deaths of Amlaíb and Ímar?

Following the deaths of Amlaíb and Ímar, internal conflicts weakened the Viking colonies. This internal strife made it easier for the native Irish to unite against them, leading to many Norse settlements falling under the sway of local rulers.

Who were the Dubgaill and Findgaill, and what is the uncertainty surrounding their origins?

The Dubgaill ("Dark Foreigners") and Findgaill ("Fair Foreigners") were two distinct groups of Vikings who clashed in Ireland starting in 851. While historical sources mention them, there is no firm consensus among historians about whether they represented Danish versus Norwegian origins, or other distinctions.

What role did Dublin play as a base for Viking activities?

Dublin served as a pivotal center for Hiberno-Norse power. From its establishment in the mid-9th century, it was used as a base for launching numerous raids and military campaigns across Ireland and into Great Britain, with leaders like Amlaíb and Ímar ruling from the city.

What is the historical significance of the Battle of Islandbridge?

The Battle of Islandbridge, occurring in 919, is mentioned as a significant event in the history of Dublin, though the text does not provide details about its specific outcome or participants in relation to early Scandinavian Dublin. It is noted as occurring after the First Viking Age ended and during the Second Viking Age.

What does the text suggest about the relationship between Viking leaders and native Irish rulers?

The text frequently describes Viking leaders forming alliances with native Irish rulers, such as Amlaíb marrying daughters of Irish kings or allying with figures like Cerball mac Dúnlainge. These alliances were often strategic, aimed at mutual benefit in warfare or political maneuvering, but were also fluid and subject to change.

What is the significance of the 'Annals of Ulster' in understanding early Scandinavian Dublin?

The 'Annals of Ulster' are a primary source mentioned throughout the text, providing key dates and events related to Viking activities, raids, battles, and the reigns of leaders like Turgesius, Amlaíb, and Ímar. While valuable, the text also notes that the dates in some annals for this period are antedated by one year.

What challenges do historians face when studying the early history of Scandinavian Dublin?

Historians face challenges due to the complexity and obscurity of the period, including wavering fortunes, shifting alliances, and shortcomings or inaccuracies in contemporary records. Additionally, while documentary evidence is plentiful, archaeological evidence corroborating the daily lives and social structures of the Norse settlers is relatively scarce compared to the accounts of their raids and devastations.

What was the role of the Dublin slave market in the Viking economy?

The Dublin slave market was a crucial hub in the Viking economy, facilitating the trade of captured individuals. These captives were sold to markets as far away as Moorish Spain or transported via northern European routes to Russia, where they were exchanged for valuable goods, linking Dublin to extensive international trade networks.

What does the archaeological evidence suggest about the early settlement phase in Dublin, particularly in the Temple Bar West area?

Archaeological findings in Temple Bar West indicate an early settlement phase confined to a small area near the confluence of the Poddle and Liffey rivers. This phase involved sunken structures (Grubenhäuser) which were later replaced by more substantial post-and-wattle dwellings, suggesting a progression towards more intensive settlement over time.

Who were the key Viking leaders mentioned as ruling Dublin in the mid-to-late 9th century?

Key Viking leaders who ruled or held significant power in Dublin during the mid-to-late 9th century included Amlaíb, Ímar (Ivar the Boneless), Auisle, Halfdan (Albdann), and Barith. These figures were often involved in complex alliances and conflicts with both Irish kingdoms and other Viking factions.

What happened to the Viking settlement at Clondalkin in 867?

In 867, the fortress at Clondalkin, built by Amlaíb and serving as an important seat of Norse power, was burned by a force led by Cennétig mac Gaithéne, the king of Loígís. This attack resulted in the deaths of approximately 100 of Amlaíb's followers.

What does the term 'Leth Cuinn' refer to in the context of Viking activities in Ireland?

'Leth Cuinn', meaning "Conn's Half," refers to the northern half of Ireland. Turgesius is said to have become master of this region, and later, the kingdom of Osraige was transferred to Leth Cuinn's authority under Mael Sechnaill.

What was the significance of the Viking raids on the Boyne Valley tombs in 863?

The plundering of the megalithic tombs in the Boyne Valley in 863 by Vikings and their Irish allies was considered an act of sacrilege, demonstrating the extent of Viking influence and their willingness to desecrate sacred sites.

What evidence suggests that the Viking presence in Dublin was not solely military but also included settled communities?

The archaeological discovery of over two hundred houses, along with evidence of domestic habitations associated with burials and features like small gardens and workshops, suggests that the Viking settlement in Dublin comprised not just warriors and raiders but also settled communities of farmers, traders, and artisans.

When did the Vikings first establish a 'longphort' at Dublin, and what is debated about this event?

The Annals of Ulster claim that Vikings established a 'longphort' at Dublin in 841. However, there is debate among historians and archaeologists regarding the exact location and whether the references to Duiblinn and Áth Cliath indicate one or two distinct encampments.

What impact did the Viking raids have on native Irish ecclesiastical settlements?

The Viking raids significantly impacted native Irish ecclesiastical settlements, which were often targeted for their wealth. Many religious communities were forced to relocate or abandon their sites to escape the pagan marauders, leading to the relocation of people and treasures to safer locations.

Who were the Uí Ímair, and what is their significance in Irish history?

The Uí Ímair, or House of Ivar, were a prominent Viking dynasty in Ireland. Their return to Ireland in 914 marked the beginning of the Second Viking Age, and figures like Ímar (Ivar the Boneless) and his relatives played crucial roles in Viking activities and governance in Ireland and Britain throughout the 9th century.

What does the term 'wintersetl' refer to in the context of Viking activities?

A 'wintersetl' was a term used by Vikings, likely in Old Norse, to describe their temporary wintering camps or settlements established in Ireland. These served as bases for their operations during the colder months.

What evidence suggests that Viking raids were not limited to coastal areas?

The text explicitly states that after the initial phase, Viking raiding parties began targeting inland settlements as well as coastal ones, and established naval encampments ('longphorts') to remain in Ireland throughout the winter, indicating a move beyond purely coastal operations.

What was the likely origin of the Vikings who established permanent settlements in Ireland during the second wave of attacks?

The second wave of Viking attacks, which saw the establishment of permanent settlers and more organized longphorts, is believed to have originated not directly from Norway, but from 'Laithlind', a term now identified with Viking settlements in the British Isles, particularly Scotland and the Scottish Isles.

What does the archaeological evidence suggest about the early settlement phase in Dublin, particularly in the Temple Bar West area?

Archaeological findings in Temple Bar West indicate an early settlement phase confined to a small area near the confluence of the Poddle and Liffey rivers. This phase involved sunken structures (Grubenhäuser) which were later replaced by more substantial post-and-wattle dwellings, suggesting a progression towards more intensive settlement over time.

What was the significance of the Viking raids on the Boyne Valley tombs in 863?

The plundering of the megalithic tombs in the Boyne Valley in 863 by Vikings and their Irish allies was considered an act of sacrilege, demonstrating the extent of Viking influence and their willingness to desecrate sacred sites.

What does the term 'Leth Cuinn' refer to in the context of Viking activities in Ireland?

'Leth Cuinn', meaning "Conn's Half," refers to the northern half of Ireland. Turgesius is said to have become master of this region, and later, the kingdom of Osraige was transferred to Leth Cuinn's authority under Mael Sechnaill.

What happened to the Viking settlement at Clondalkin in 867?

In 867, the fortress at Clondalkin, built by Amlaíb and serving as an important seat of Norse power, was burned by a force led by Cennétig mac Gaithéne, the king of Loígís. This attack resulted in the deaths of approximately 100 of Amlaíb's followers.

What evidence suggests that Viking raids were not limited to coastal areas?

The text explicitly states that after the initial phase, Viking raiding parties began targeting inland settlements as well as coastal ones, and established naval encampments ('longphorts') to remain in Ireland throughout the winter, indicating a move beyond purely coastal operations.

What does the term 'wintersetl' refer to in the context of Viking activities?

A 'wintersetl' was a term used by Vikings, likely in Old Norse, to describe their temporary wintering camps or settlements established in Ireland. These served as bases for their operations during the colder months.

Who were the Uí Ímair, and what is their significance in Irish history?

The Uí Ímair, or House of Ivar, were a prominent Viking dynasty in Ireland. Their return to Ireland in 914 marked the beginning of the Second Viking Age, and figures like Ímar (Ivar the Boneless) and his relatives played crucial roles in Viking activities and governance in Ireland and Britain throughout the 9th century.

What impact did the Viking raids have on native Irish ecclesiastical settlements?

The Viking raids significantly impacted native Irish ecclesiastical settlements, which were often targeted for their wealth. Many religious communities were forced to relocate or abandon their sites to escape the pagan marauders, leading to the relocation of people and treasures to safer locations.

What evidence suggests that the Viking presence in Dublin was not solely military but also included settled communities?

The archaeological discovery of over two hundred houses, along with evidence of domestic habitations associated with burials and features like small gardens and workshops, suggests that the Viking settlement in Dublin comprised not just warriors and raiders but also settled communities of farmers, traders, and artisans.

What was the significance of the Battle of Islandbridge?

The Battle of Islandbridge, occurring in 919, is mentioned as a significant event in the history of Dublin, though the text does not provide details about its specific outcome or participants in relation to early Scandinavian Dublin. It is noted as occurring after the First Viking Age ended and during the Second Viking Age.

Early Scandinavian Dublin Wiki: Dublin's Viking Dawn: Echoes of the Norsemen

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Overview

A Pivotal Center

Early Scandinavian Dublin served as a crucial Viking settlement and a significant hub of Hiberno-Norse power in Ireland. Its influence spanned from its founding in the mid-9th century until the Anglo-Norman invasion of 1170. This period marked a transformative era for Ireland, introducing new cultural, economic, and political dynamics.

Timeline of Influence

The establishment of Dublin by Vikings marked a shift from sporadic raids to more organized settlement. The mid-9th century saw the founding of a stronghold by Turgeis, leading to periods of conflict, alliances, and eventual expulsion and return of Viking forces, shaping the island's political landscape for centuries.

Complex History

The history of this era is marked by shifting alliances between various Viking factions (Dubgaill and Findgaill) and native Irish kingdoms. Contemporary records are often fragmented or biased, making the precise sequence of events and the roles of key figures like Turgeis and Ímar subjects of ongoing historical analysis.

Early Viking Raids

The First Wave

The Viking Age in Ireland commenced in 795 with hit-and-run raids along the coast. Initially small-scale and focused on plunder, these raids targeted vulnerable ecclesiastical settlements. The Vikings, likely originating from Norway, primarily abducted people for slavery or ransom before retreating to Scandinavian or British bases.

Transition to Settlement

By the early 9th century, Viking activities evolved. Raids became larger, more organized, and extended inland. Crucially, naval encampments, known as longphorts, were established, allowing Vikings to winter in Ireland. This marked a transition from mere raiding to permanent settlement and territorial control.

Shifting Origins

Early raids are thought to have originated directly from southwest Norway. However, later waves, particularly after 821, likely stemmed from Viking settlements in Scotland and the Isle of Man (termed Laithlind), suggesting a developing network across the Irish Sea.

The Figure of Turgesius

An Uncertain Identity

Turgesius (also known as Thorgest or Turges) is a prominent figure associated with Viking activities in Ireland during the mid-9th century. Historical accounts suggest he founded a stronghold at Dublin around 841, plundered Leinster and Meath, and potentially ruled the northern half of Ireland. However, his exact identity remains debated among historians, with theories linking him to figures like Ragnar Lodbrok or Danish royalty, though chronological inconsistencies exist.

Reign of Terror and Downfall

From approximately 832 to 845, Turgesius is depicted as terrorizing the country and establishing Norse settlements. His reign reportedly ended when he was captured and drowned in Lough Owel by Mael Sechnaill mac Mael Ruanaid, the High King of Ireland. This event is considered a turning point in the conflict between the Irish and the Vikings.

Exaggerated Role?

Some modern scholarship suggests that the historical role of Turgesius might have been significantly exaggerated by later chroniclers. While he likely played a part in Viking activities, the extent of his direct involvement in founding Dublin or ruling large territories is questioned, with some evidence pointing to his primary association with an encampment on Lough Ree.

Norse Settlements in Dublin

The Longphort

In 841, Vikings established a longphort (naval encampment) at Dublin, likely near the present-day Dublin Castle, overlooking the Black Pool (Duiblinn). This settlement served as a base for raids across Leinster and the Midlands. The exact location and nature of this initial longphort remain subjects of archaeological debate.

Housing and Daily Life

Archaeological excavations, particularly at Wood Quay, reveal that Norse settlers constructed houses using post-and-wattle techniques with mud-and-dung plaster. These typically single-room dwellings, often around 10-50 m², were simple, with basic furniture and thatched roofs. Evidence suggests a settled community of farmers and artisans.

Distribution of Settlements

Beyond the main Dublin settlement, archaeological finds indicate scattered Viking dwellings along the River Liffey. Cemeteries unearthed at locations like Kilmainham and Islandbridge suggest a broader Norse presence, though dating these sites precisely to the First Viking Age can be challenging.

Internal Conflicts & Alliances

Dubgaill vs. Findgaill

The arrival of the Dubgaill ("Dark Foreigners") in 851 led to conflict with the earlier settlers, the Findgaill ("Fair Foreigners"). The precise origin of these terms is debated, but they signify distinct Viking factions, possibly Danish versus Norwegian, or differing political loyalties. This internal strife weakened Viking control.

Leadership Struggles

Following the deaths of key leaders like Ímar (c. 873) and Amlaíb (c. 874), Dublin experienced internal power struggles. Various sons and relatives of these leaders vied for control, often supported by or in conflict with native Irish kings, leading to a period of instability.

Shifting Allegiances

Viking leaders frequently formed strategic alliances with Irish kings (e.g., Mael Sechnaill, Cerball mac Dúnlainge, Áed Findliath) to advance their own agendas. These alliances were fluid, shifting based on political and military circumstances, complicating the historical narrative.

Campaigns Abroad

Raids in Britain

Dublin served as a base not only for Irish campaigns but also for operations in Britain. Figures like Ímar and Amlaíb were involved with the Great Heathen Army that ravaged Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the late 9th century, capturing York and campaigning across Northumbria and East Anglia.

Scottish Campaigns

In 866, Amlaíb and his brother Auisle raided the Pictish kingdom of Fortriu in Scotland, returning to Dublin with numerous hostages. These cross-channel activities highlight the extensive reach and interconnectedness of Viking activities during this period.

The Archaeological Record

Evidence from Excavations

Extensive excavations, notably at Wood Quay, Fishamble Street, and Winetavern Street, have provided crucial insights into Viking Dublin. The preservation of wooden structures in waterlogged soil has offered a rare glimpse into the settlement's layout, housing, and daily life, revealing a community distinct from the later, more urbanized Dyflinn.

Burials and Grave Goods

Over a hundred Viking burials have been found in the Dublin region. These often contain typical grave goods like swords, spearheads, shields, and hacksilver. Isotope analysis on some remains suggests origins from Scandinavia and the British Isles, corroborating the migratory nature of the settlers.

Clondalkin Fortress

A significant Norse power base was established at Clondalkin, west of Dublin. This fortress was strategically built upon the site of an older monastic settlement, a practice also potentially followed at the original Duiblinn site, underscoring the Vikings' integration with or appropriation of existing Irish centers.

Expulsion and Lasting Impact

The Expulsion of 902

In 902, a combined force of Irish kings from Leinster and Brega launched a decisive attack on Dublin, driving the Vikings out. This event marked the end of the First Viking Age in Dublin, leading to the dispersal of many Norse settlers to Wales, England, and France.

Interlude and Return

Dublin remained under Gaelic control for approximately fifteen years. Although the ruling dynasty was expelled, archaeological evidence suggests many Norse inhabitants remained. This period concluded with the return of Viking forces, notably Sitric Cáech, marking the beginning of the Second Viking Age and the establishment of a more enduring Norse kingdom in Dublin.

Foundation of a City

Despite the initial expulsion, the foundations laid by the early Norse settlers were crucial. Dublin evolved from a military encampment into a significant trading center, laying the groundwork for its future development as Ireland's capital city.

Study Aids

Key Concepts

Understanding the early history of Scandinavian Dublin requires grasping key terms and events: the distinction between longphort and settlement, the roles of figures like Turgesius and Ímar, the conflict between Dubgaill and Findgaill, and the impact of Viking raids and campaigns on both Ireland and Britain.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Early Scandinavian Dublin" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about early_scandinavian_dublin while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

republic of venice

itv yorkshire

american university of beirut

corte madera creek marin county

mariko hayashi

2013 st. petersburg open– singles

rotary printing press

national autonomous university of mexico

archdiocese of new orleans

kingdom of sardinia 1324–1720

References

The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024. (1995). Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p. 91

The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium. (2007). NederlÃ¤nderna: Brill. p. 232

The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024. (1995). Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p. 504

Ã CorrÃ¡in (1998): "... we know from good archaeological evidence that early Viking raids on Ireland originated [in Rogaland]."

Ã CorrÃ¡in (1998), though this opinion is not undisputed. Lochlainn, a corruption of the supposedly Norse term Lothland, was used in later centuries to refer to Norway.

Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum Book 9

AU 831.6. Conaille Muirthemne was a dynastic sept that ruled a minor kingdom in County Louth in the overkingdom of Ulaid or Ulster.

Ã CorrÃ¡in (1998): "The kings and sons of kings mentioned in the Irish annals cannot, therefore, be linked to any Norwegian dynasty."

AU 837.3; CS 837; CGG 12; AClon 834 [=837]. According to the latter there were sixty-five ships in this fleet.

AU 845.8: According to the Annales Islandici, Ragnar Lodbrok died in 845.

AU 848.6; CS 848. The location of DÃsert Do-Chonna is unknown, but St Mochonna was associated with the coast of north County Dublin, which was in Brega.

Ã CorrÃ¡in (1998), p. 24. Dumville (2005) and Downham (2007), however, believe that AmlaÃb and his kinsmen belonged to the Dubgaill, who supplanted the Findgaill around this time.

Ragnarssona Ã¾Ã¡ttr.

CS 858. Ara TÃre is near Nenagh in County Tipperary, Munster. The CenÃ©l Fiachach, however, were subjects of MÃ¡el Sechnaill.

AU 859.3 and Haliday (1884), p. 126; CGG 23 seems to imply that MÃ¡el Gualae's men were ultimately victorious against the invaders, despite the loss of their king.

AU 860.1; AFM 858.4 [=860]; CS 860; FAI 279. According to the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, AmlaÃb was among the defeated, being now married to Ãed's daughter.

CS 861; AFM 859.3 [=861]. See here for the location of Drumomuy.

AU 864.1; AU 864.2; AFM 862.8 [=864] and 862.9 [=864]; CS 864; CGG 23; AClon 862 [=864]; Haliday (1884), p. 126.

AU 866.1. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba and AClon place this invasion in the year 864.

AU 867.6; FAI 347; AClon 865 [=867]. In CGG two accounts of Auisle's death are given: in CGG 24 "Ossill" dies in battle in Munster; in CGG 29 "Ossil" is murdered by his brother AmlaÃb.

Ãthelweard, p. 25; ASC(A) 866 [=late 865]. An early no-longer-extant copy of the ASC was Ãthelweard's principal source.

See Ivar the Boneless and its Talk Page for further discussion.

In 878 a "brother of InwÃ¦re and Healfdene" landed in Devonshire in Wessex, but he was slain in the ensuing battle (ASC(A) 878). AmlaÃb, Ãmar, Auisle and Albdann were all dead by 878.

AU 868.4; CS 868; FAI 366. AFM 866.9 [=868]; AB 255; AClon 866 [=868]; AI 868. CGG 29 records that 500 Findgenti fell in this battle, which would seem to imply that the ruling dynasty of Dublin â to which Carlus belonged â were Findgenti.

AU 870.2; AClon 868 [=870]. Dublin and Gowran were on the borders of Leinster, so the expression may mean "the whole of Leinster".

The Norse sources understood "boneless" to mean that Ivar was impotent, had no legs, or that his limbs were so enfeebled he had to be carried about on a shield.

CGG 24. CGG 27 also refers to a son of Ãmar burning Lismore, but this probably refers to Sichfrith Ivarsson, who sacked the monastery in 883.

CS 891 refers to an Eolair son of Barith, so there may be some confusion between two rival of the same name. A son of Barith would certainly have some claim to the throne his father held.

CS 891. Tirawley is an Anglicisation of TÃr Amalgada, "Amalgaid's Land". It is possible that this Eolair was not Barith's son but the son of JÃ¡rnknÃ© referred to above.

AFM 897.7 [=902]. The event is antedated by five years and the old name of Ireland's Eye, Inis Mac NesÃ¡in has been corrupted in transmission.

Wallace, P. F., Aspects of Viking Dublin (1988); Wallace, P. F., The Viking Age Buildings of Dublin (1992).

A full list of references for this article are available at the Early Scandinavian Dublin Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not historical or academic advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional historical research or consultation with qualified historians or archaeologists. Always refer to primary sources and scholarly works for definitive information.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Dublin's Viking Dawn

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview 🏛️

🌍 A Pivotal Center

⏳ Timeline of Influence

📜 Complex History

Early Viking Raids ⚔️

🌊 The First Wave

⚓ Transition to Settlement

🔄 Shifting Origins

The Figure of Turgesius 👑

❓ An Uncertain Identity

⚔️ Reign of Terror and Downfall

📚 Exaggerated Role?

Norse Settlements in Dublin 🏘️

📍 The Longphort

🏠 Housing and Daily Life

🗺️ Distribution of Settlements

Internal Conflicts & Alliances 💥

🤝 Dubgaill vs. Findgaill

👑 Leadership Struggles

⚖️ Shifting Allegiances

Campaigns Abroad 🗺️

🇬🇧 Raids in Britain

⚔️ Scottish Campaigns

The Archaeological Record 🏺

🔍 Evidence from Excavations

⚰️ Burials and Grave Goods

🏰 Clondalkin Fortress

Expulsion and Lasting Impact 📜

➡️ The Expulsion of 902

⏳ Interlude and Return

🏛️ Foundation of a City

Study Aids 🧠

💡 Key Concepts

📖 Further Reading

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

A Pivotal Center

Timeline of Influence

Complex History

Early Viking Raids

The First Wave

Transition to Settlement

Shifting Origins

The Figure of Turgesius

An Uncertain Identity

Reign of Terror and Downfall

Exaggerated Role?

Norse Settlements in Dublin

The Longphort

Housing and Daily Life

Distribution of Settlements

Internal Conflicts & Alliances

Dubgaill vs. Findgaill

Leadership Struggles

Shifting Allegiances

Campaigns Abroad

Raids in Britain

Scottish Campaigns

The Archaeological Record

Evidence from Excavations

Burials and Grave Goods

Clondalkin Fortress

Expulsion and Lasting Impact

The Expulsion of 902

Interlude and Return

Foundation of a City

Study Aids

Key Concepts

Further Reading

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice