What is the primary role of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem?

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem serves as the senior Sunni Muslim cleric responsible for overseeing the Islamic holy sites in Jerusalem, most notably Al-Aqsa Mosque. This position holds significant religious authority within the city's Muslim community.

Who currently holds the title of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and when did they assume the role?

The current Grand Mufti of Jerusalem is Muhammad Ahmad Hussein. He was appointed to this position in July 2006 by the Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas.

When and by whom was the position of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem initially established?

The position of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was created in 1918 by the British military government, under the leadership of Ronald Storrs.

What was the stated intention behind the British Mandate authorities creating the title of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem?

The British Mandate authorities created the title of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem with the intention of enhancing the status of the office. This move was part of a broader political strategy.

What were some of the political motivations behind the British creation of the Grand Mufti position?

The British likely created the position to divide the Palestinian elite and co-opt Palestinian leadership into supporting their administration. It also served to reinforce the idea that the Arab population of Palestine was composed of religious communities rather than a unified national group.

Who was the first Grand Mufti appointed under the British Mandate, and when did this occur?

The first Grand Mufti appointed under the British Mandate was Hajj Amin al-Husayni. He assumed the role on May 8, 1921, following the death of Kamil al-Husayni.

What was the familial and political background of Mohammad Amin al-Husayni?

Mohammad Amin al-Husayni was a member of the prominent al-Husayni family of Jerusalem. He was an Arab nationalist and a significant Muslim leader in the British Mandate of Palestine.

What significant political stances did Mohammad Amin al-Husayni take during his tenure?

As Grand Mufti and a leader in the Arab Higher Committee, particularly between 1938 and 1945, al-Husayni played a key role in violent opposition to Zionism. He also closely allied himself with Nazi Germany during this period.

How did the Jordanian government alter the position of Grand Mufti after 1948?

After Jordan occupied Jerusalem in 1948, King Abdullah I officially removed Hajj Amin al-Husayni from the post, banned him from Jerusalem, and appointed Hussam Al-din Jarallah as the new Grand Mufti.

Who appointed Saad al-Alami as Grand Mufti, and when did this happen?

Saad al-Alami was appointed as Grand Mufti in 1952 by Jordan's Jerusalem Islamic Waqf, following the death of Hussam Al-din Jarallah. He served until his death in 1993.

What occurred regarding the appointment of the Grand Mufti after Saad al-Alami's death in 1993?

Following al-Alami's death in 1993, two rival muftis were appointed: the Palestinian Authority nominated Ekrima Sa'id Sabri, while Jordan appointed Abdul Qader Abdeen, the head of the Religious Appeals Court.

What political agreements or treaties influenced the dual appointments of Muftis after 1993?

The dual appointments reflected a discrepancy between the Oslo I Accord, which envisioned Palestinian Authority control, and the Israel-Jordan peace treaty, which recognized Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem's holy sites. This created a conflict over who had the authority to appoint the Grand Mufti.

How was the dispute over the Grand Mufti appointment resolved after 1994?

Although Jordan appointed Abdul Qader Abdeen, local Muslims supported the Palestinian view, and Abdeen's claim eventually faded. He formally retired in 1998, leaving Ekrima Sa'id Sabri as the recognized Mufti appointed by the PA.

Why was Ekrima Sa'id Sabri removed from his position as Grand Mufti in 2006?

PA President Mahmoud Abbas removed Ekrima Sa'id Sabri in 2006, reportedly due to concerns about Sabri's excessive involvement in political matters.

Who succeeded Ekrima Sa'id Sabri, and what was a notable early comment attributed to him?

Muhammad Ahmad Hussein succeeded Ekrima Sa'id Sabri in 2006. Shortly after his appointment, Hussein made comments suggesting that suicide bombing was an acceptable tactic for Palestinians against Israel.

What was the status of Hajj Amin al-Husayni's position as Mufti after his exile in 1937?

Although Hajj Amin al-Husayni was exiled in 1937 and deprived of his secular administrative functions as President of the Supreme Moslem Council, he was technically still considered the Mufti of Jerusalem. This was because no legal machinery existed for his formal deposition from the purely religious office, which was considered a lifetime appointment.

Who was Kamil al-Husayni?

Kamil al-Husayni was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem before Mohammad Amin al-Husayni. He held the position from the creation of the role in 1918 until his death in 1921.

What is the significance of the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf in the appointment of Muftis?

The Jerusalem Islamic Waqf, a religious trust, played a role in appointing Grand Muftis, particularly during the Jordanian period. For instance, it appointed Saad al-Alami after the death of Hussam Al-din Jarallah in 1952.

What does the text imply about the political leanings of the Grand Mufti position during the British Mandate?

The text suggests that the position was influenced by political considerations, with the British aiming to co-opt leadership. Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, the appointed Mufti, was an Arab nationalist who opposed Zionism and allied with Nazi Germany.

What is the relationship between the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque?

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem is the senior Sunni Muslim cleric in charge of Islamic holy places in Jerusalem, which explicitly includes Al-Aqsa Mosque.

Who appointed Muhammad Ahmad Hussein as Grand Mufti in 2006?

Muhammad Ahmad Hussein was appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in 2006 by the President of the Palestinian Authority, Mahmoud Abbas.

What was the context of the appointment of Hussam Al-din Jarallah as Grand Mufti?

Hussam Al-din Jarallah was appointed Grand Mufti on December 20, 1948, by King Abdullah I of Jordan, after Jordan occupied Jerusalem and removed the previous Mufti, Hajj Amin al-Husayni.

What does the list of Grand Muftis indicate about the continuity of the role?

The list shows a succession of individuals holding the title, with specific dates of tenure. It highlights changes in appointing authorities over time, from the British Mandate to Jordanian control, and later the Palestinian Authority.

What is the significance of the 'See also' section in relation to the Grand Mufti?

The 'See also' section provides links to related topics, such as the Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem, the Grand Mufti title in general, Jerusalem's significance in Islam, and the Pro-Jerusalem Society, indicating the broader context and connections of the Grand Mufti's role.

What does the citation regarding Hajj Amin al-Husayni's exile in 1937 reveal about his official status?

A citation from the British House of Commons in 1943 indicates that while Hajj Amin al-Husayni was deprived of his secular administrative functions in 1937, no action was taken regarding his religious office of Mufti. This was due to a lack of legal machinery for deposition and precedent, meaning he technically remained Mufti, though his importance was reduced due to his exile and open opposition to the British.

Who was appointed Grand Mufti by the Palestinian Authority after Sulaiman Ja'abari's death?

After Sulaiman Ja'abari's death in 1994, Ekrima Sa'id Sabri was nominated by the Palestinian Authority to the position of Grand Mufti.

What was the duration of Ekrima Sa'id Sabri's tenure as Grand Mufti?

Ekrima Sa'id Sabri served as Grand Mufti from October 16, 1994, until July 2006.

What is the historical context of the Grand Mufti's role concerning Jerusalem's Islamic holy places?

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem has historically been the chief Sunni Muslim cleric responsible for the administration and oversight of significant Islamic sites in the city, most notably Al-Aqsa Mosque, underscoring the religious importance of the position.

How did the appointment of Mohammad Amin al-Husayni potentially create internal divisions among Palestinian leadership?

Mohammad Amin al-Husayni's appointment by the British High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ruffled feathers, partly because he was the cousin of Musa Kazim Pasha al-Husayni, the head of the nationalist Arab Executive. This appointment, along with the British strategy, may have instigated disunity within the Palestinian leadership.

What role did the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf play in appointing Muftis after 1948?

After the death of Hussam Al-din Jarallah in 1952, the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf took over the responsibility of appointing the Grand Mufti, naming Saad al-Alami to the position.

What is the significance of the 'Grand Mufti' entry in the 'List of people from Jerusalem' sidebar?

The mention of 'Grand Mufti' in the 'List of people from Jerusalem' sidebar signifies that the Grand Mufti is considered a notable figure associated with the city, alongside other leadership roles like the Mayor and Chief Rabbi.

What does the source indicate about the nature of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem office?

The source indicates that the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem is a Sunni clerical title, specifically referring to the Muslim cleric in charge of Jerusalem's Islamic holy places, including Al-Aqsa. The position was established by the British Mandate authorities.

Who was appointed Grand Mufti by Jordan after the 1994 death of Sulaiman Ja'abari?

After Sulaiman Ja'abari's death in 1994, Jordan appointed Abdul Qader Abdeen, who was the head of the Religious Appeals Court, as Grand Mufti.

What does the term 'Grand Mufti' generally refer to, as suggested by the 'See also' section?

The 'See also' section includes a link to 'Grand Mufti', suggesting that while the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem is a specific and prominent role, the title 'Grand Mufti' itself exists more broadly, likely referring to a high-ranking Islamic religious leader.

What is the historical timeline presented for the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem role?

The role began in 1918 under the British Mandate, with Kamil al-Husayni as the first appointee. It continued through the Jordanian period, with appointments by the Jordanian government and the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf, and later under the Palestinian Authority, with Muhammad Ahmad Hussein being the current holder since 2006.

What was the relationship between the al-Husayni family and the position of Grand Mufti?

The al-Husayni family has had a significant connection to the position. Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, a prominent member, was appointed Grand Mufti in 1921. His family ties were noted as a factor in the political dynamics surrounding his appointment.

How did the British Mandate authorities aim to influence Palestinian leadership through the Grand Mufti position?

The British Mandate authorities created the Grand Mufti position partly to enhance its status, potentially as a strategy to divide Palestinian elites and co-opt leadership. They may have intended to foster a perception of religious communities rather than a unified national identity among the Arab population.

What does the citation from The Nation by Robert I. Friedman discuss in relation to the Grand Mufti?

The citation from The Nation by Robert I. Friedman, titled 'And Darkness Covered the Land' from December 6, 2001, is referenced in the context of the Grand Mufti's role, suggesting it contains relevant information about the historical period or figures associated with the position.

Who was appointed Grand Mufti by the Palestinian Authority after the death of Sulaiman Ja'abari in 1994?

Ekrima Sa'id Sabri was nominated by the Palestinian Authority to serve as Grand Mufti following the death of Sulaiman Ja'abari in 1994.

What is the significance of the 'Jerusalem Law' mentioned in the sidebar?

The 'Jerusalem Law' is listed under 'Political status' in the Jerusalem sidebar, indicating it is a significant piece of legislation or policy related to the city's status, which could be relevant context for the role of religious leadership like the Grand Mufti.

What does the reference to 'Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites' imply about the appointment of the Grand Mufti?

The mention of Hashemite custodianship, recognized by the Israel-Jordan peace treaty, highlights a competing claim or influence over Jerusalem's holy sites, which helps explain the political complexities and rival appointments surrounding the Grand Mufti position, particularly between the PA and Jordan.

What was the term of Hussam ad-Din Jarallah as Grand Mufti?

Hussam ad-Din Jarallah served as Grand Mufti from December 20, 1948, to March 6, 1954.

What is the 'Pro-Jerusalem Society' and its connection to the Grand Mufti?

The Pro-Jerusalem Society, active from 1918 to 1926, is mentioned in the 'See also' section. The Grand Mufti, specifically Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, was a member of its leading council, indicating his involvement in broader civic and potentially political organizations in Jerusalem during the Mandate period.

What does the 'List' section of the article provide?

The 'List' section provides a chronological enumeration of individuals who have held the title of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, detailing their names, terms of service, and sometimes the authority that appointed them.

Who was the first person appointed to the role of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem?

The first person appointed to the role of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was Kamil al-Husayni, who served from the creation of the role in 1918 until his death in 1921.

What does the reference to 'Judaization of Jerusalem' and 'Islamization of Jerusalem' suggest about the Grand Mufti's context?

These terms, listed under 'Political status' in the sidebar, suggest that the Grand Mufti's role operates within a context of contested political and demographic changes in Jerusalem, involving efforts to shape the city's identity and control, which religious leadership would be involved in.

What is the significance of the image caption featuring Muhammad Ahmad Hussein?

The image caption identifies Muhammad Ahmad Hussein as the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, noting that he has held this position from 2006 to the present, providing a visual reference and confirmation of the current officeholder.

What does the article state about the appointment of Muhammad Ahmad Hussein by Mahmoud Abbas?

The article states that Muhammad Ahmad Hussein was appointed Grand Mufti in 2006 by Mahmoud Abbas, the President of the Palestinian Authority. Abbas reportedly appointed Hussein because he was perceived as a political moderate.

What historical period does the 'Jordanian Waqf' section primarily cover regarding the Grand Mufti?

The 'Jordanian Waqf' section covers the period after Jordan occupied Jerusalem in 1948 up until the appointment of Saad al-Alami in 1952, detailing the changes in leadership and appointment authority during that time.

What does the 'British Mandate' section detail about the creation and early years of the Grand Mufti position?

This section explains that the British Mandate authorities created the Grand Mufti position, outlining the political motivations behind it, and details the appointment of Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, his background, and his significant political activities, including opposition to Zionism and ties to Nazi Germany.

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The Office of Grand Mufti

Defining the Role

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem serves as the senior Sunni Muslim cleric responsible for the administration and oversight of Jerusalem's most sacred Islamic sites, including the revered Al-Aqsa Mosque. This significant ecclesiastical position was formally established in 1918 by the British military administration during the Mandate period.

Religious and Political Influence

Historically, the Grand Mufti has wielded considerable influence, not only in religious matters but also within the political landscape of Jerusalem and Palestine. The office has been a focal point for religious authority and a platform for political discourse, reflecting its deep connection to the city's spiritual and socio-political identity.

Historical Evolution

British Mandate Era

The position of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was instituted by the British Mandate authorities in 1918, with the stated intention of enhancing the office's prestige. However, the political motivations may have also included efforts to fragment Palestinian elite leadership and co-opt local figures. The appointment of Hajj Amin al-Husayni, a prominent Arab nationalist and member of the influential al-Husayni family, marked a significant phase. Al-Husayni's tenure was characterized by strong opposition to Zionism and controversial political alliances, including close ties with Nazi Germany during the war years.

Jordanian Administration

Following Jordan's occupation of Jerusalem in 1948, King Abdullah I officially removed Hajj Amin al-Husayni from the post and appointed Hussam Al-din Jarallah. After Jarallah's death in 1952, the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf appointed Saad al-Alami. Later, Sulaiman Ja'abari was appointed in 1993 following al-Alami's passing. This period saw the office largely managed under Jordanian religious authorities.

Palestinian Authority Era

The post-Oslo Accord period introduced complexities, with discrepancies between the Palestinian Authority's (PA) envisioned transfer of authority and existing Jordanian influence. In 1994, following Ja'abari's death, rival appointments emerged: the PA nominated Ekrima Sa'id Sabri, while Jordan named Abdul Qader Abdeen. Abdeen's claim eventually faded, and Sabri served until 2006 when PA President Mahmoud Abbas removed him, citing concerns over his political involvement. Abbas then appointed Muhammad Ahmad Hussein, who later made controversial remarks regarding Palestinian tactics against Israel.

Key Appointees

List of Grand Muftis

The office of Grand Mufti has been held by several notable figures throughout its history. The following list details the individuals who have served in this capacity, along with their approximate terms:

Appointee	Term	Affiliation/Notes
Kamil al-Husayni	1918–1921	First appointee under British Mandate
Mohammad Amin al-Husseini	1921–1948	Exiled by British in 1937, technically retained title
Hussam ad-Din Jarallah	1948–1954	Appointed by Jordan
Saad al-Alami	1953–1993	Appointed by Jerusalem Islamic Waqf
Sulaiman Ja'abari	1993–1994	Appointed by Jordan/PA
Abdul Qader Abdeen	1994–1998	Appointed by Jordan
Ekrima Sa'id Sabri	1994–2006	Appointed by Palestinian Authority (PA)
Muhammad Ahmad Hussein	2006–Present	Appointed by PA President Mahmoud Abbas

Spiritual and Political Weight

Custodianship of Holy Sites

The Grand Mufti's primary religious duty involves the stewardship of Jerusalem's Islamic holy places, most critically the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, known to Muslims as Haram al-Sharif. This responsibility imbues the office with immense spiritual authority among Muslims worldwide.

Voice of Palestinian Muslims

Beyond religious duties, the Grand Mufti has historically served as a significant voice for the Palestinian Muslim community. The position has often been intertwined with national aspirations and political movements, making the Mufti a key figure in regional discourse and a symbol of Palestinian identity.

Political Dimensions

Strategic Appointments

The establishment and continuation of the Grand Mufti's office have been significantly shaped by political considerations. The British Mandate authorities strategically created and utilized the position to influence Palestinian leadership. Later, Jordanian and Palestinian Authority administrations asserted their influence over appointments, reflecting the ongoing political contestation over Jerusalem's governance and religious institutions.

Contested Authority

The history of the Grand Mufti's office is marked by periods of contested authority and rival appointments, particularly following the Oslo Accords. These disputes underscore the complex interplay between religious leadership, national movements, and external political actors vying for influence in Jerusalem.

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References

See Islamic Leadership in Jerusalem for further details

Zvi Elpeleg's "The Grand Mufti", page 48: "officially he now retained only the title of Mufti (following the Ottoman practice, this had been granted for life)"

Nazzal 1997 p. xxiii

Nazzal 1997 p. 34

Nazzal 1997 p. lvii

A full list of references for this article are available at the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Wikipedia page

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Guardians of the Sacred

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The Office of Grand Mufti 🕌

📜 Defining the Role

⚖️ Religious and Political Influence

Historical Evolution ⏳

🇬🇧 British Mandate Era

🇯🇴 Jordanian Administration

🇵🇸 Palestinian Authority Era

Key Appointees 👑

👤 List of Grand Muftis

Spiritual and Political Weight ✨

🕌 Custodianship of Holy Sites

🗣️ Voice of Palestinian Muslims

Political Dimensions 🏛️

🤝 Strategic Appointments

⚡ Contested Authority

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

The Office of Grand Mufti

Defining the Role

Religious and Political Influence

Historical Evolution

British Mandate Era

Jordanian Administration

Palestinian Authority Era

Key Appointees

List of Grand Muftis

Spiritual and Political Weight

Custodianship of Holy Sites

Voice of Palestinian Muslims

Political Dimensions

Strategic Appointments

Contested Authority

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice